| Heterophrictus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Mygalomorphae |
| Family: | Theraphosidae |
| Genus: | Heterophrictus Pocock, 1900 [1] |
| Type species | |
| H. milleti Pocock, 1900 | |
| Species | |
4, see text | |
Heterophrictus is a genus of Indian tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1900. [2]
As of March 2020 [update] it contains four species, found in India: [1]
In synonymy:
Lycosa is a genus of wolf spiders distributed throughout most of the world. Sometimes called the "true tarantula", though not closely related to the spiders most commonly called tarantulas today, Lycosa spp. can be distinguished from common wolf spiders by their relatively large size. This genus includes the European Lycosa tarantula, which was once associated with tarantism, a dubious affliction whose symptoms included shaking, cold sweats, and a high fever, asserted to be curable only by the traditional tarantella dance. No scientific substantiation of that myth is known; the venom of Lycosa spiders is generally not harmful.
Macrothele is a genus of mygalomorph spiders in the family Macrothelidae, and was first described by A. Ausserer in 1871. It is the only genus in the family Macrothelidae, and most species occur in Asia, from India to Japan, and Java, with four found in Africa, and two in Europe. The name is derived from Ancient Greek μακρός ("makro-"), meaning "big", and θηλή ("thele"), referring to the spinnerets.
Idiops is a genus of armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by Josef Anton Maximilian Perty in 1833. It is the type genus of the spurred trapdoor spiders, Idiopidae. Idiops is also the most species-rich genus of the family, and is found at widely separated locations in the Neotropics, Afrotropics, Indomalaya and the Middle East. Females live in tubular burrows lined with a thick layer of white silk. These typically have a D-shaped lid that fits into the entrance like a cork, and some burrows have two entrances. The lid may consist of mud, moss or lichen, which is bound below by a thick layer of silk. As in all genera of this family, the anterior lateral eyes (ALE) are situated near the clypeal margin, far in front of the remaining six eyes, which are arranged in a tight group. The males which are smaller in size, wander about or occasionally live in burrows. Like other mygalomorphs, they are relatively large and long-lived. Forest clearance and agricultural practices that loosen the soil and enhance erosion, besides soil removal for brick making have been pointed out as serious threats to some Indian species. Species ranges are poorly known – in India for instance, most species are known only from their type localities.
Heligmomerus is a genus of armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892.
Scalidognathus is a genus of Asian armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1892. Originally placed with the Ctenizidae, it was moved to the Idiopidae in 1985.
Cyrtarachne is a genus of orb-weaver spiders first described by Tamerlan Thorell in 1868.
The Ischnocolinae are a subfamily of tarantulas. The composition of the subfamily was reviewed in 2014 and the number of genera included sharply reduced.
Neoheterophrictus is a genus of tarantula in the family Theraphosidae. It comprises seven species, all found in India.
The Eumenophorinae are a subfamily of tarantula spiders. They are known from 13 genera distributed across Africa, southwestern countries in Saudi Arabia, and Madagascar and the associated islands.
Haploclastus psychedelicus, synonym Thrigmopoeus psychedelicus, is a theraphosid spider. It is native to India.
Neoheterophrictus madraspatanus is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae, found in India.
Ctenus is a genus of wandering spiders first described by Charles Athanase Walckenaer in 1805. It is widely distributed, from South America through Africa to East Asia. Little is known about the toxic potential of the genus Ctenus, however, it was recently discovered that the species Ctenus medius shares toxic properties with those presented by Phoneutria nigriventer, such as proteolytic, hyaluronidase and phospholipase activities, in addition to producing hyperalgesia and edema, the venom of C. medius also interferes with the complement system in concentrations in which the venom of P. nigriventer is inactive, indicating that this spider has a noxious venom to humans. The venom of C. medius causes an eleavage in the complement component 3 (C3) of the complement system, it affects the central factor of the cascades of the complement, and interferes with the lytic activity of this system, which causes stronger activation and consumption of the complement components. Unlike C. medius, the venom of P. nigriventer does not interfere with lytic activity.
Chilobrachys is a genus of Asian tarantulas that was first described by Ferdinand Anton Franz Karsch in 1892.
Plesiophrictus is a genus of tarantulas that was first described by Reginald Innes Pocock in 1899.
Hippasa is a genus of wolf spiders in the family Lycosidae, containing thirty five accepted species.
Tigidia is a genus of brushed trapdoor spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1892.
Haploclastus is a genus of Indian tarantulas that was first described by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892. It is considered a senior synonym of Phlogiodes.
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