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Classical music in Porto Alegre, the capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, begins at the end of the 18th century, but this artistic field did not really begin to flourish until the middle of the 19th century, and was consolidated throughout the 20th century with the founding of several educational institutions and the proliferation of groups, interpreters and composers, projecting the city across the state as the main producer and radiator of influence. Currently Porto Alegre has a considerable audience for classical music; it is in the script of concertists of international fame, has two stable orchestras and a chamber orchestra, and numerous smaller chamber groups and vocal and instrumental soloists, as well as a large number of music schools and performance spaces. Some of its composers have known national fame. [1] [2] According to conductor Isaac Karabtchevsky, who was the artistic director of OSPA, "there is no greater identity in music in the world than in the population of Porto Alegre". [3] At the same time there is a significant development in academic research and advanced professional qualification in undergraduate and graduate courses in music at UFRGS. [4]
Porto Alegre was officially founded on March 26, 1772, [5] when the primitive settlement was raised to the status of parish, but in fact its origins are older, having been born due to the colonization of the area by Portuguese estancieiros since the 17th century. [6] It is taken for granted that at the time of the elevation of the original village in the parish, there was already musical activity of a classical character being practiced on some regular basis. A document attests that in 1794 the city's first Opera House was inaugurated, built in Beco dos Ferreiros. This house was actually a simple wooden shed, and, apparently, "opera" was the least heard. Athos Damasceno believes that before the conclusion of Theatro São Pedro in 1858, there would have been no conditions to assemble real operas in Porto Alegre, with several singers, a great orchestra and choir. [7] Although, due to the absence of descriptions, it remains to be seen what the real nature and quality of these so-called operas represented there might have been, everything leads us to believe that they followed the same popular patterns in larger centers such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, where on the same night a heterogeneous program was shown to the public, consisting of circus acts and theatrical plays of popular appeal interspersed with pieces of music, including serious works such as piano sonatas and Neapolitan songs, alongside improvisations and ballroom music such as mazurkas and waltzes. [8]
The Ragamuffin War, also known as the Ragamuffin Revolution or Heroic Decade, was a republican uprising that began in southern Brazil, in the province of Rio Grande do Sul in 1835. The rebels were led by Generals Bento Gonçalves da Silva and Antônio de Sousa Neto with the support of the Italian fighter Giuseppe Garibaldi. The war ended with an agreement between the two sides, known as the Treaty of Poncho Verde, in 1845.
Moacyr Jaime Scliar was a Brazilian writer and physician. Most of his writing centers on issues of Jewish identity in the Diaspora and particularly on being Jewish in Brazil.
Guaíba is a city located in the Metropolitan Porto Alegre of Porto Alegre, in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The city is on the shores of the Guaíba Lake.
Luis Carlos Verzoni Nejar, better known as Carlos Nejar, is a Brazilian poet, author, translator and critic, and a member of the Academia Brasileira de Letras. One of the most important poets of its generation, Nejar, also called "o poeta do pampa brasileiro", is distinguished for his use of an extensive vocabulary, alliteration, and pandeism. His first book, Sélesis, was published in 1960.
Aldyr Garcia Schlee was a Brazilian writer, journalist, translator, illustrator, and professor.
Angélica Freitas is a Brazilian poet and translator.
The history of Porto Alegre, capital of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, officially begins on March 26, 1772, when the primitive village was elevated to the condition of a parish. However, its origins are older, since the settlement was created as a result of the colonization of the area by Portuguese ranchers in the 17th century. The region, in fact, has been inhabited by man since 11,000 years ago. Throughout the 19th century, the settlement began to grow with the help of many European immigrants of various origins, African slaves, and portions of Hispanics from the River Plate region. At the beginning of the 20th century, Porto Alegre's expansion acquired a very accelerated rhythm, consolidating its supremacy among all the cities in Rio Grande do Sul and projecting it on the national scene. From then on, its most characteristic traits, only sketched out in the previous century, were defined; many still remain visible today, especially in its historic center. Throughout the entire 20th century, the city strove to expand its urban network in an organized way and provide it with the necessary services, achieving significant success, but also facing various difficulties, at the same time as it developed its own expressive culture, which, at some moments, influenced other regions of Brazil in many fields, from politics to the plastic arts. Today, Porto Alegre is one of Brazil's largest capitals and one of the richest and one with the best quality of life, having received several international distinctions. It hosts many important events and has been pointed out several times as a model of administration for other large cities.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Fernanda Melchionna e Silva is a Brazilian politician and former bank clerk and librarian. She has spent her political career representing the state of Rio Grande do Sul, having served as federal deputy representative since 2019.
Magda Elisabeth Nygaard Renner was a Brazilian environmentalist, activist, and ecologist.
The Rua do Arvoredo Murders were a series of murders perpetrated between 1863 and 1864 in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The murderers lured in predominantly German immigrants and killed them, allegedly disposing of the remains by turning the body parts into sausages, which they subsequently sold at their butcher shop. Despite being a real case, it has been elevated to an urban legend to the local population.
The history of Rio Grande do Sul begins with the arrival of Man in the region, around 12,000 years ago. Its most dramatic changes, however, occurred in the last five centuries, after the discovery of Brazil. This most recent period took place amid several external and internal armed conflicts, some of which with great violence.
African Culture in Rio Grande do Sul refers to the history, attributes, and values of African-Brazilian culture in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul.
Athos Damasceno Ferreira was a Brazilian poet, novelist, chronicler, translator, journalist, literary critic, and historian. He is considered the most important historian and chronicler of the city of Porto Alegre, is the founder of art historiography in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and left a major contribution to the state historiography in the fields of culture and society, being a pioneer in the study of several themes. He was an advocate of the revaluation of regionalisms and a renowned poet and novelist, although being little remembered in this area.
Libindo Ferrás was a Brazilian painter and teacher. He studied in Porto Alegre with Ricardo Albertazzi and in Italy from 1897 to 1899. He was one of the creators of the Institute of Fine Arts of Rio Grande do Sul, heading the school from its foundation in 1908 until 1936.
The Mauá Wharf is a section of the river port located in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. It is situated on the Navegantes Canal, upstream of Lake Guaíba, and is part of the Jacuí Delta.
Clube do Comércio is based in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Founded in 1896, it is one of the city's most traditional clubs. The headquarters, located on Andradas Street, was listed as a landmark site by the Porto Alegre City Hall in 1996.
Andradas Street is located in the Brazilian city of Porto Alegre, in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The stretch from Gasômetro to General Câmara was called Rua da Praia, and the stretch between General Câmara and Senhor dos Passos was called Rua da Graça.
Painting in Rio Grande do Sul, as an independent art, developed at the end of the 19th century. It originated in the port cities of Porto Alegre, Pelotas and Rio Grande. The first evidence of pictorial art in Rio Grande do Sul appeared as decoration for religious temples, public buildings and palaces.
Eduardo Romulo Bueno, also known as Peninha, is a Brazilian journalist, writer, translator, and YouTuber. Initially working as a journalist at newspapers, he became known his translation of books from English to Portuguese, and later for his books about various historical subjects. Beginning in the mid-2000s, also began hosting educational shows and television programs about Brazilian history. He is currently the host of his own YouTube channel, Buenas Ideias, in which he creates educational material about the history of Brazil in a relaxed setting. His channel, as of September 2024, has over 1.4 million subscribers.