Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925

Last updated

Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act, 1925 [1]
Royal Coat of Arms of the United Kingdom (Variant 1, 2022).svg
Long title An Act for the prevention of abuses in connection with the Grant of Honours.
Citation 15 & 16 Geo. 5 c. 72
Introduced by The Marquess of Salisbury
Territorial extent United Kingdom
Dates
Royal assent 7 August 1925
Commencement 7 August 1925
Other legislation
Relates to Prevention of Corruption Act 1906, Bribery Act 2010
Status: Current legislation
Text of statute as originally enacted
Text of the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 as in force today (including any amendments) within the United Kingdom, from legislation.gov.uk.

The Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, that makes the sale of peerages or any other honours illegal. The act was passed by the Parliament in the wake of David Lloyd George's 1922 cash-for-honours scandal. In 2006 a number of people connected to the Labour Party government of Tony Blair were interviewed voluntarily at Downing Street in connection with alleged offences under the 1925 Act.

Contents

Lloyd George honours scandal

The act was brought in after the Liberal Party government of David Lloyd George was severely embarrassed peddling honours for party funds. [2] The practice was legal and dated back several decades partly for new money to discreetly acquire titles; [3] Lloyd George made the practice more systematic and more brazen, charging £10,000 for a knighthood, £30,000 for baronetcy, and £50,000 upwards for a peerage. [4] [5] The practice came to a halt with the notorious 1922 Birthday Honours List, which contained the names of Sir Joseph Robinson, a South African gold and diamond magnate who had been convicted of fraud and fined half a million pounds a few months earlier; [6] Sir William Vestey, a multi-millionaire meat importer notorious for his tax evasion; [7] Samuel Waring, who had been accused of war profiteering; and Archibald Williamson, whose oil firm had allegedly traded with the enemy during the war. [8]

Prime Minister Lloyd George in mid-1922 was fast losing his political support, and his sales were denounced in the House of Lords as an abuse of the Prime Minister's powers of patronage. [9]

Only one person has ever been convicted under the Act – Maundy Gregory, Lloyd George's "honours broker", in 1933 – whose same behaviour in 1918 was the main cause of the Act in the first place. Gregory's 1933 conviction was secured over his attempts to broker the selling of Vatican knighthoods in the UK. To this date, the Act has never been successfully used to convict anyone involved in the sale of UK honours.

2006: Cash for honours

In March 2006, following complaints by Scottish National Party MP Angus MacNeil, the Metropolitan Police started investigating possible breaches of the Act. A total of £5 million in loans was given by four wealthy businessmen to the Labour Party during the 2005 general election campaign, the men were subsequently nominated by Tony Blair for peerages. [10] All four of the peerages were blocked by the House of Lords appointments commission. The police inquiries led to 136 people being interviewed, including Tony Blair, the first prime minister to be questioned by police as part of a political corruption inquiry, albeit "as a witness rather than a suspect". In 2007, after a £1.4 million, 19-month investigation, the police handed a 216-page report with 6,300 supporting documents to the Crown Prosecution Service which later announced it had insufficient evidence to bring charges against anyone. [10]

2021: Cash for favours scandal

In September 2021, Michael Fawcett, Prince Charles's closest aide, "stepped down temporarily" as chief executive of The Prince's Foundation, [11] after an investigation by The Sunday Times and the Mail on Sunday reported that he "offered to help to secure a knighthood and British citizenship" for Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz, a Saudi businessman who donated £1.5m to Prince Charles's charities. [12] William Bortrick, the editor and owner of Burke's Peerage , was named by the Sunday Times as the alleged fixer at the heart of the claims. Bortrick is said to have received thousands of pounds to secure the honour. [13] According to the Metropolitan Police, at least two complaints were made calling for an investigation into whether Prince Charles or Michael Fawcett breached the 1925 Act. [14] In February 2022 the Metropolitan Police launched an investigation into the cash-for-honours allegations linked to Charles' charity The Prince's Foundation. [15] [16] On 6 September 2022, officers interviewed under caution, a man in his fifties and a man in his forties. [17] On 31 October 2022, the Metropolitan Police passed their evidence to the Crown Prosecution Service for deliberation. [17]

See also

Related Research Articles

In the United Kingdom and the British Overseas Territories, personal bravery, achievement, or service are rewarded with honours. The honours system consists of three types of award:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading</span> British politician (1860–1935)

Rufus Daniel Isaacs, 1st Marquess of Reading,, known as The Earl of Reading from 1917 to 1926, was a British Liberal politician and judge, who served as Lord Chief Justice of England, Viceroy of India, and Foreign Secretary, the last Liberal to hold that post. The second practising Jew to be a member of the British cabinet, Isaacs was the first Jew to be Lord Chief Justice, and the first, and as yet, only British Jew to be raised to a marquessate.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of the Bath</span> British order of chivalry established in 1725

The Most Honourable Order of the Bath is a British order of chivalry founded by King George I on 18 May 1725. The name derives from an elaborate medieval ceremony for preparing a candidate to receive his knighthood, of which ritual bathing was an element. While not all knights went through such an elaborate ceremony, knights so created were known as 'knights of the Bath', and likely from the upper classes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jimmy Savile</span> English DJ and media personality (1926–2011)

Sir James Wilson Vincent Savile was an English media personality and DJ. He hosted the BBC shows Top of the Pops and Jim'll Fix It. During his lifetime, Savile was well known in the United Kingdom for his eccentric image and charitable work. After his death, hundreds of allegations of sexual abuse made against him were investigated, leading the police to conclude that he had been a predatory sex offender and possibly one of Britain's most prolific. There had been allegations during his lifetime, but they were dismissed and accusers were ignored or disbelieved.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cyril Smith</span> British politician (1928–2010)

Sir Cyril Richard Smith was a British Liberal Party politician who served as Member of Parliament (MP) for Rochdale from 1972 to 1992.

In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers. Life peers are appointed by the monarch on the advice of the prime minister. With the exception of the Dukedom of Edinburgh awarded for life to Prince Edward in 2023, all life peerages conferred since 2009 have been created under the Life Peerages Act 1958 with the rank of baron and entitle their holders to sit and vote in the House of Lords, presuming they meet qualifications such as age and citizenship. The legitimate children of a life peer appointed under the Life Peerages Act 1958 are entitled to style themselves with the prefix "The Honourable", although they cannot inherit the peerage itself. Prior to 2009, life peers of baronial rank could also be so created under the Appellate Jurisdiction Act 1876 for senior judges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury</span> English peer (born 1952)

Charles Henry John Benedict Crofton Chetwynd Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, 22nd Earl of Waterford, 7th Earl Talbot,, styled Viscount Ingestre until 1980, is an English nobleman and the Lord High Steward of Ireland. He is the premier earl in the Peerage of England as the Earl of Shrewsbury, and in the Peerage of Ireland as the Earl of Waterford (1446). He also holds the titles of Earl Talbot and Baron Talbot.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sir Joseph Robinson, 1st Baronet</span> South African mining magnate who attempted to buy a peerage

Sir Joseph Benjamin Robinson, 1st Baronet was a South African gold and diamond mining magnate and Randlord.

Michael David Fawcett is a former senior valet to Charles, Prince of Wales who today consults on various royal projects.

Arthur John Maundy Gregory, who later used the name Arthur John Peter Michael Maundy Gregory was a British theatre producer and political fixer who is best remembered for selling honours for Prime Minister David Lloyd George. He may also have been involved with the Zinoviev Letter, the disappearance of Victor Grayson, and the suspicious death of his platonic companion, Edith Rosse. Gregory claimed to be a spy for British intelligence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cash-for-Honours scandal</span> Political scandal in the United Kingdom

The Cash-for-Honours scandal was a political scandal in the United Kingdom in 2006 and 2007 concerning the connection between political donations and the award of life peerages. A loophole in electoral law in the United Kingdom means that although anyone donating even small sums of money to a political party has to declare this as a matter of public record, those loaning money at commercial rates of interest did not have to make a public declaration.

Desmond'Des'P Smith MA, BA, ACDip was, until his retirement in July 2006, the headteacher at All Saints Catholic School and Technology College, Dagenham, England. Smith attracted media attention by making the indiscreet remarks that triggered the Cash for Honours scandal.

The King's Foundation is an educational charity established in 1986 by King Charles III to teach and demonstrate in practice those principles of traditional urban design and architecture which put people and the communities of which they are part at the centre of the design process.

Sentebale is a registered charity founded in 2006 by Prince Harry and Prince Seeiso of Lesotho. Sentebale helps children and adolescents struggling to come to terms with their HIV and AIDS diagnosis. It provides a safe environment for them to address their mental health among their peers, giving them tools and knowledge.

Sir Rowland Frederick William Hodge, 1st Baronet was an English shipbuilder.

Crown Honours Lists are lists of honours conferred upon citizens of the Commonwealth realms. The awards are presented by or in the name of the reigning monarch, currently King Charles III, or his vice-regal representative.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz</span> Saudi businessman

Mahfouz Marei Mubarak bin Mahfouz, Baron of Abernethy is a Saudi Arabian businessman living in the United Kingdom. Mahfouz is the executive officer of Saudi-based Marei bin Mahfouz Group, founded by his father Sheikh Marei Mubarak Mahfouz bin Mahfouz who is one of the richest men in Saudi Arabia. He is the holder of the Lordship and Barony of Abernethy in Scotland.

William Bortrick is a British genealogist who is the owner, chairman and editor of Burke's Peerage.

References

  1. Short title as conferred by s. 2 of the Act; the modern convention for the citation of short titles omits the comma after the word "Act".
  2. Jenkins, T. A. (1990). "The funding of the Liberal Unionist party and the honours system". English Historical Review. 105 (417): 920–938. doi:10.1093/ehr/CV.CCCCXVII.920.
  3. Hanham, Harold J. (1960). "The sale of honours in late Victorian England". Victorian Studies. 3 (3): 277–289.
  4. Rowland, Peter (1975). "The Man Who Won the War, 1916–1918". Lloyd George. London: Barrie & Jenkins Ltd. p. 448. ISBN   0214200493.
  5. Rowland, Peter (1975). Lloyd George. p. 448.
  6. Commons, House of (7 July 2004). "Fifth Report of the Select Committee on Public Administration". Public Administration.
  7. Rubinstein, W. D. (2003). Twentieth-Century Britain: A Political History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 125. ISBN   978-0-230-62913-4.
  8. Bryant, C. (2014). Parliament: The Biography. Vol. II–Reform. Transworld. p. 229. ISBN   978-1-4481-7107-1.
  9. Travis L. Crosby (2014). The Unknown David Lloyd George: A Statesman in Conflict. I.B.Tauris. p. 330. ISBN   9781780764856.
  10. 1 2 "'Cash-for-honours' timeline". The Guardian. 11 October 2007. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  11. Low, Valentine (8 September 2021). "Prince Charles has 'no knowledge' of cash-for-honours allegations". The Times.
  12. Pogrund, Gabriel; Gadher, Dipesh (4 September 2021). "Prince Charles aides fixed CBE for Saudi tycoon who gave £1.5m". The Sunday Times.
  13. Grierson, Jamie (19 September 2021). "Prince Charles 'cash-for-honours' scandal grows with fresh allegations". the Guardian.
  14. Scobie, Omid (7 September 2021). "Buckingham Palace's Statement Regarding Cash-for-Honors Allegations". Harper's Bazaar . Retrieved 15 September 2021.
  15. @metpoliceuk (16 February 2022). "We have launched an investigation into allegations of offences under the Honours (Prevention of Abuses) Act 1925. Decision follows an assessment of a Sep 2021 letter, related to media reporting alleging offers of help made to secure honours and citizenship for a Saudi national" (Tweet) via Twitter.
  16. "Breaking: Met Police investigate cash-for-honours allegations against Prince Charles' charity". City A.M. 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.
  17. 1 2 "Cash-for-honours police pass file on King's aide Michael Fawcett to prosecutors". The Times . Retrieved 19 November 2022.

Further reading