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Total population | |
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1,728 [2] (2011, census) | |
Languages | |
Hungarian, Polish |
Hungarians in Poland form a small population of 1,728, according to the 2011 census, [2] however, Hungarian presence in Poland dates back to the Middle Ages.
In the 2011 Polish census, 1,728 people declared Hungarian nationality, of which 1,213 declared both Polish and Hungarian nationality. [2]
John Corvinus, son of King Matthias Corvinus of Hungary, in 1488–1490, was briefly the Duke of Głogów, a duchy founded in the course of the medieval fragmentation of Poland, before it passed to John I Albert from the Jagiellonian dynasty, future King of Poland.
In 1528, Hungarian King John Zápolya was admitted in Odrzykoń and Tarnów in Poland after fleeing Hungary following his defeat to Ferdinand I, who also claimed the Hungarian Crown.
In 1576, Poland elected the Hungarian nobleman Stephen Báthory as its king, who is regarded as one of Poland's greatest rulers, and a number of Hungarians came to the country with him.
The great Hungarian Renaissance poet Bálint Balassi spent parts of his life and wrote some of his poems in Poland. [3] There are memorials to him at his places of stay in Odrzykoń, Nowy Żmigród, Rymanów, Dębno, Braniewo and Kraków. [4]
Sigismund Báthory, nephew of King Stephen Báthory, and Gabriel Bethlen were briefly the Dukes of Opole and Racibórz, a duchy founded in the course of the medieval fragmentation of Poland, in 1597–1598 and 1622–1625, respectively.
In 1701, Hungarian conspirators Miklós Bercsényi and Francis II Rákóczi fled to Poland, where they established contacts with the Polish Royal court and gained the support of several Polish magnates for the planned Hungarian uprising (Rákóczi's War of Independence) against Austria. [5] In Poland, Bercsényi and Rákóczi received protection from the Austrians, who still tried to capture them through attempts of the Habsburg ambassador to Poland. [6] After the Hungarian uprising broke out in 1703, an insurgent delegation went to Poland to find Rákóczi and ask him to lead the uprising. [6] A meeting of the then insurgent leader Tamás Esze with Rákóczi and Bercsényi took place in May 1703 in Brzeżany, Poland, and it also was the place where Rákóczi and Bercsényi signed a proclamation, which called on Hungarians to fight for independence. [7] Rákóczi and Bercsényi then went to Hungary. [6] After the fall of the uprising in 1711, 3,000 Kurucs, including Rákóczi himself, took refuge in Poland. [8] Rákóczi then lived in Jarosław and Gdańsk before leaving Poland in 1712 for France, where he unsuccessfully sought support for Hungarian national liberation efforts. [9] A number of Hungarians remained in Poland, including painter Ádám Mányoki, who became a court painter of Polish Kings, and Ádám Jávorka, who became a general of the Polish Army.
Several hundred Hungarian volunteers fought alongside Poles in the January Uprising in the Russian Partition of Poland in 1863–1864. [10] According to the 1897 census, the largest Hungarian populations in the Russian Partition of Poland, lived in Warsaw (68), Częstochowa (29) and Nasielsk (23), with very few in other locations. [11] [12]
After the restoration of independent Poland, dozens of Hungarians joined the Polish Army during the Polish–Soviet War, including lieutenant colonel Artur Buol, who co-organized artillery batteries, fought in several battles, and eventually died of wounds. [13] A monument of Buol was unveiled in Baranowicze in 1930. [13]
According to the 1921 Polish census, the largest Hungarian populations lived in the cities of Lwów and Warsaw with 45 and 38 people, respectively. [14] [15]
Parczew is a town in eastern Poland, with a population of 10,281 (2006). It is the capital of Parczew County in the Lublin Voivodeship.
Dąbrowa Białostocka is a town in Sokółka County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland. As of December 2021, the town has a population of 5,305.
Choroszcz is a town in north-eastern Poland, located in Białystok County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, seat of Gmina Choroszcz.
Suraż is a town in north-eastern Poland situated in the Podlaskie Voivodeship, seat of Gmina Suraż in the Białystok County.
Słomniki is a town in southern Poland, situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship. Słomniki lies 24 kilometres north of Kraków, among the hills of Lesser Poland Upland. On December 31, 2010, its population was 4,365, and the town is a center of commerce and services for the local agricultural area. Its name probably comes from a Medieval guild called szłomiarze or szłomniki, who manufactured helmets for royal knights.
Węgrów is a town in eastern Poland with 12,796 inhabitants (2013), capital of Węgrów County in the Masovian Voivodeship.
Tuszyn is a small town in Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, central Poland, with 7,237 inhabitants (2020). It is located in the Sieradz Land.
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Borek Wielkopolski is a town in Poland, in the Gostyń County in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, with 2,485 inhabitants as of June 2021.
Golina is a town in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 4,398 inhabitants (2010). It is located 12 km (7.5 mi) west from Konin.
Wielichowo is a town in Grodzisk Wielkopolski County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in western Poland, with 1,746 inhabitants (2010).
Tuliszkówpronounced[tuˈliʂkuf] is a town in Turek County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 3,373 inhabitants (2010).
Miłosław is a town in Września County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 3,627 inhabitants.
Ślesin is a town in Konin County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 3,200 inhabitants (2010).
Ostroróg is a town in Szamotuły County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, Poland, with 1,962 inhabitants (2010).
Działoszyn is a town in Pajęczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in south-central Poland, with 5,627 inhabitants as of December 2021.
Rzgów is a town in Łódź East County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland, with 3,382 inhabitants (2020). It is situated on the Ner River within the Sieradz Land. The town is a member of Cittaslow.
Szczuki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płoniawy-Bramura, within Maków County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 9 kilometres (6 mi) south-west of Płoniawy-Bramura, 11 km (7 mi) north-west of Maków Mazowiecki, and 80 km (50 mi) north of Warsaw. It is situated on the Węgierka River, a tributary of the Orzyc River.
Poland–Hungary relations are the foreign relations between Poland and Hungary. Relations between the two nations date back to the Middle Ages. The two Central European people have traditionally enjoyed a very close friendship, brotherhood and camaraderie rooted in a deep history of shared rulers, cultures, struggles, and faith. Both countries commemorate their fraternal relationship on 23 March.
Turks in Poland are people of Turkish ethnicity living in Poland who form one of the country's smaller minority groups.