Hypsacantha

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Hypsacantha Kite Spider
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Araneomorphae
Family: Araneidae
Genus: Hypsacantha
Dahl, 1914
Species:
H. crucimaculata
Binomial name
Hypsacantha crucimaculata
(Dahl, 1914) [1]
Synonyms
  • Gasteracantha crucimaculataDahl, 1914
  • Isoxya crucimaculataBenoit, 1962

Hypsacantha is a genus of African orb-weaver spiders containing the single species, Hypsacantha crucimaculata. It was first described by Friedrich Dahl in 1914, [1] and is found from Central to Southern Africa. [2]

Contents

Distribution

Hypsacantha crucimaculata is known from Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zimbabwe and South Africa. [3] The species is possibly under-collected and is suspected to occur in more countries in between. In South Africa, the species occurs in six provinces across a large geographical range at altitudes from 54 to 1,513 m above sea level. [3]

The South African distribution includes Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, and Western Cape provinces. Notable localities include Mountain Zebra National Park, Mkuze Game Reserve, Ndumo Game Reserve, Tembe Elephant Park, Lekgalameetse Nature Reserve, Kruger National Park, Pilanesberg Nature Reserve, Karoo National Park, and Bontebok National Park. [3]

Habitat and ecology

The species constructs an orb-web but nothing more is known about their behaviour. In South Africa, it has been sampled from the Nama Karoo and Savanna biomes. [3]

Description

Total length ranges from 6-7 mm in females and 3-5 mm in males. [3]

The carapace is broad and dark brown, clothed with strong white setae, while the median eyes are positioned on small tubercles and the lateral eyes are located near the border of the carapace. [3]

The abdomen is hard and leathery with an anterior edge that is slightly rounded and bears two small tubercles, and six sigilla are present at the base of spine II. The abdomen slopes slightly toward the rear and features two pairs of small tubercles, with the medial pair pointing upwards. The legs are short and the same color as the carapace. [3]

Conservation

Hypsacantha crucimaculata is listed as Least Concern by the South African National Biodiversity Institute due to its wide geographical range. [3] There are no known threats to the species. The species has been sampled from several protected areas including Ophathe Game Reserve, Makalali Nature Reserve, Karoo National Park and Kruger National Park. [3]

Taxonomy

Originally described as subgenus of Gasteracantha Sundevall, 1833, it was elevated to genus by Emerit, 1973. [2] It is known from both sexes. [3]

References

  1. 1 2 Dahl, F. (1914). "Die Gasteracanthen des Berliner Zoologischen Museums und deren geographische Verbreitung". Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin. 7: 235–301.
  2. 1 2 "Hypsacantha crucimaculata (Dahl, 1914)". World Spider Catalog. Retrieved 2025-09-26.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.; Haddad, C.R.; Foord, S.H.; Lotz, L.N.; Webb, P. (2022). The Araneidae of South Africa. Version 2: part 2 (E-Ne). South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide. p. 17. doi:10.5281/zenodo.6619195. Creative Commons by small.svg  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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