Indarbela quadrinotata

Last updated

Bark-eating caterpillar
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Lepidoptera
Family:
Cossidae
Genus:
Indarbela
Species:
I. quadrinotata
Binomial name
Indarbela quadrinotata
(Walker, 1856)
Synonyms
  • Arbela quadrinotataWalker, 1856
  • Cossus quadrinotataWalker, 1856
  • Cossus abruptusWalker, 1865

Indarbela quadrinotata, the bark-eating caterpillar, is a moth in the family Cossidae. It is found in India and Sri Lanka. [1] It was described by Francis Walker in 1856.

Contents

Description

In the male, the head and thorax are rufus in color. Forewings pale rufus with a numerous dark rufus bands of strigae. A spot at the end of the cell is present and those between the median nervure and vein 1b is more prominent. Abdomen and hindwings are fuscous. In the female, the head, thorax and abdomen are ochreous white. Forewings are also ochreous white with markings as in male. Hindwings pale, slightly suffused with fuscous with numerous obsolescent brown striage. [2] Caterpillars are pinkish white with brown spots. Pupae are chestnut brown in color. Eggs oval in shape and reddish. [3]

Ecology

The caterpillar is a serious pest that attacks more than 30 crops. The larva bores into the trunk or branches about 15–25 cm deep. The tunnel created is empty in the day time, but is filled with caterpillar during the night. It damages the bark of the tree resulting in dieback of the stem. Frass is visible in affected areas. [4]

Crops that are readily attacked by the pest are: Albizia lebbeck , Albizia procera , Anacardium occidentale , Camellia sinensis , Cassia fistula , Chloroxylon swietenia , Citrus reticulata , Citrus sinensis , Citrus × paradisi, Corymbia citriodora , Eriobotrya japonica , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Falcataria moluccana , Ficus benghalensis , Ficus carica , Gmelina arborea , Grewia asiatica , Hevea brasiliensis , Litchi chinensis , Mangifera indica , Manilkara zapota , Mimusops elengi , Mitragyna parvifolia , Moringa oleifera , Morus alba , [5] Phyllanthus emblica , Populus deltoides , Prunus armeniaca , Psidium guajava , Punica granatum , Sesbania cannabina , Syzygium cumini , Tectona grandis , Terminalia arjuna , Theobroma cacao , and Ziziphus mauritiana . [4]

Control mainly takes place in the egg or larval stages. They can be chemically controlled by applying methidathion. [6] [7] Clones of Casuarina are known to show tolerance and resistance to caterpillars. [8]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Methidathion</span> Chemical compound

Methidathion is an organophosphate insecticide; its use is banned in the European Union and USA.

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<i>Mythimna decisissima</i> Species of moth

Mythimna decisissima is a moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found from India across south-east Asia including Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan and Australia in Queensland and New South Wales. It is also present in South Africa.

<i>Spodoptera mauritia</i> Species of moth

Spodoptera mauritia, the lawn armyworm or paddy swarming caterpillar, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1833. Able to eat many types of food, it is a major pest throughout the world.

<i>Creatonotos gangis</i> Species of arctiine moth in South East Asia and Australia

Creatonotos gangis, the Baphomet moth or Australian horror moth, is a species of arctiine moth in South East Asia and Australia. It was described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1763 Centuria Insectorum.

<i>Tiracola plagiata</i> Species of moth

Tiracola plagiata, the cacao armyworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1857. It is found from south-east Asia, South India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar to the South Pacific Islands, including the northern two-thirds of Australia.

<i>Telecrates laetiorella</i> Species of moth

Telecrates laetiorella is a moth of the family Xyloryctidae. It is known from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia and Victoria.

<i>Oraesia emarginata</i> Species of moth

Oraesia emarginata is a species of moth of the family Erebidae first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1794. It is found in Australia, New Caledonia, Indonesia, New Guinea, Pakistan, the Philippines, India, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Taiwan, China, Japan, Korea and Nepal as well as Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, the Gambia, Uganda, Oman and Yemen.

<i>Biston suppressaria</i> Species of insect

Biston suppressaria, the tea looper, is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, and Sri Lanka.

<i>Orgyia postica</i> Species of moth

Orgyia postica, the cocoa tussock moth or hevea tussock moth, is a species of moth of the subfamily Lymantriinae of the family Erebidae found in the Oriental tropics of India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Borneo, Java, New Guinea, and Taiwan. It was described by Francis Walker in 1855.

<i>Maliattha signifera</i> Species of moth

Maliattha signifera is a species of moth of the family Noctuidae first described by Francis Walker in 1858. It is found in south-east Asia, including China, India, Japan, Taiwan, Korea and Thailand as well as in Australia (Queensland).

<i>Spirama retorta</i> Species of moth

Spirama retorta, the Indian owlet-moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by Carl Alexander Clerck in 1764. It is found in China, Korea, Japan (Honshu), India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Taiwan, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, the Philippines (Luzon), Indonesia ,Japan.

<i>Somena scintillans</i> Species of moth

Somena scintillans, the yellow tail tussock moth, is a moth in the family Erebidae described by Francis Walker in 1856. It is found in northern India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar and the Andaman Islands. Though considered a minor pest, larva can sporadically be a serious pest.

Prionapteryx scitulellus is a moth in the family Crambidae described by Francis Walker in 1866. It is found in India, Sri Lanka and Kenya.

<i>Hyposidra talaca</i> Species of moth

Hyposidra talaca, the black looper or black inch worm, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1860. It is found from India to Indochina, Sundaland, Sulawesi, the Philippines, Sri Lanka, the Solomon Islands, Thailand, Taiwan, New Guinea and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland. It is a major defoliating pest in tea plantations.

<i>Sphingomorpha chlorea</i> Species of moth

Sphingomorpha chlorea, the sundowner moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae that is native to Africa and southern Asia. The species was first described by Pieter Cramer in 1777. It is a fruit-piercing moth and a notorious pest in orchards. The fruit is pierced while performing a vertical and rhythmic movement of the head.

<i>Gastropacha pardale</i> Species of moth

Gastropacha pardale, the brown lapped moth, is a moth of the family Lasiocampidae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1855.

<i>Calliteara horsfieldii</i> Species of moth

Calliteara horsfieldii, or Horsfield's tussock moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. The species was first described by the British entomologist Edward Saunders in 1851, and named in honor of the British naturalist Thomas Horsfield, who traveled southern Asia and published works on zoology from the region. C. horsfieldii can be found in southern Asia, the islands of the northern Indian Ocean, and many parts of south east Asia and Indonesia. It is also sometimes referred to as the Yellow Tussock Moth.

<i>Ectropis bhurmitra</i> Species of moth

Ectropis bhurmitra, the tea twig caterpillar, is a moth of the family Geometridae. The species was first described by Francis Walker in 1860. A widespread Asian species, it is found around Indo-Australian tropics from India, Sri Lanka and Hong Kong, Taiwan, Thailand, New Guinea to Australian Queensland and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Xanthodes transversa</i> Species of moth

Xanthodes transversa, the transverse moth or hibiscus caterpillar, is a moth of the family Nolidae. The species was first described by Achille Guenée in 1852. It is found in India, Sri Lanka, the Andaman Islands, the Nicobar Islands, China, Hong Kong, Vanuatu, Java, New Guinea, Japan, the Ryukyu Islands, Singapore, Indonesia and Australia.

References

  1. ↑ Beccaloni, G.; Scoble, M.; Kitching, I.; Simonsen, T.; Robinson, G.; Pitkin, B.; Hine, A.; Lyal, C., eds. (2003). "Indarbela quadrinotata​". The Global Lepidoptera Names Index . Natural History Museum . Retrieved May 7, 2018.
  2. ↑ Hampson, G. F. (1892). The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma: Moths Volume I. Taylor and Francis – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  3. ↑ "Pomegranate bark eating caterpillar". agropedia. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  4. 1 2 "Bark eating caterpillar (Indarbela quadrinotata)". Plantwise Technical Factsheet. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  5. ↑ "Harmful effects of stem borer, Indarbela quadrinotata Walker in mulberry tree; Morus alba L." University Journal of Zoology, Rajshahi University. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  6. ↑ "Control of Bark Eating Caterpillar" (PDF). German Development Cooperation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 August 2016. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  7. ↑ "Chemical control of bark eating caterpillar Indarbela quadrinotata (Walker) in pomegranate". CABI. Retrieved 13 July 2016.
  8. ↑ "Resistance in casuarina clones against bark feeding caterpillar Indarbela quadrinotata (Lepidoptera: Metarbelidae)" . Retrieved 13 July 2016.


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