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Catalan is a Western Romance language. It is the official language of Andorra, and an official language of three autonomous communities in eastern Spain: Catalonia, the Balearic Islands and the Valencian Community, where it is called Valencian. It has semi-official status in the Italian comune of Alghero, and it is spoken in the Pyrénées-Orientales department of France and in two further areas in eastern Spain: the eastern strip of Aragon and the Carche area in the Region of Murcia. The Catalan-speaking territories are often called the Països Catalans or "Catalan Countries".
A micronation is a political entity whose representatives claim that they belong to an independent nation or sovereign state, but which lacks legal recognition by any sovereign state. Micronations are classified separately from de facto states and quasi-states; they are also not considered to be autonomous or self-governing as they lack the legal basis in international law for their existence. The activities of micronations are almost always trivial enough to be ignored rather than disputed by the established nations whose territory they claim—referred to in micronationalism as macronations. Several micronations have issued coins, flags, postage stamps, passports, medals and other state-related items, some as a source of revenue. Motivations for the creation of micronations include theoretical experimentation, political protest, artistic expression, personal entertainment and the conduct of criminal activity. The study of micronationalism is known as micropatriology or micropatrology.
A nation-state is a political unit where the state, a centralized political organization ruling over a population within a territory, and the nation, a community based on a common identity, are congruent. It is a more precise concept than "country", since a country does not need to have a predominant national or ethnic group.
The Republic of Rose Island was a short-lived micronation on a man-made platform in the Adriatic Sea, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) off the coast of the region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy, built by Italian engineer Giorgio Rosa, who made himself its president and declared it an independent state on 1 May 1968.
A self-proclaimed monarchy is established when a person claims a monarchy without any historical ties to a previous dynasty. In many cases, this would make them a pretender to the throne. The self-proclaimed monarch may be of an established state, such as Zog I of Albania, or of a micronation, such as Leonard Casley of Hutt River, Western Australia.
The Catalan independence movement is a social and political movement which seeks the independence of Catalonia from Spain.
Occitania is the historical region in Southern Europe where the Occitan language was historically spoken and where it is sometimes used as a second language. This cultural area roughly encompasses much of the southern third of France as well as part of Spain, Monaco, and parts of Italy.
The Aerican Empire, conventionally referred to in short form as Aerica, is a social organization and self-proclaimed micronation, founded in May 1987. Its name stems from the term "American Empire". In 2000 The New York Times described its website as "one of the more imaginative" micronation sites.
Talossa, also known as the Kingdom of Talossa, is one of the earliest micronations – founded in 1979 by then-14-year-old Robert Ben Madison of Milwaukee and at first confined to his bedroom; he adopted the name after discovering that the word means "inside the house" in Finnish. Among the first such projects still maintained, it has kept up a web presence since 1995. Its internet and media exposure since the late 1990s contributed to the appearance of other subsequent internet micronations.
Micronations: The Lonely Planet Guide to Home-Made Nations is an Australian gazetteer about micronations, published in September 2006 by Lonely Planet. It was written by John Ryan, George Dunford and Simon Sellars. Self-described as a humorous guidebook and written in a light-hearted tone, the book's profile of micronations offers information on their flags, leaders, currencies, maps and other facts. It was re-subtitled Guide to Self-Proclaimed Nations in later publications.
The International School of Paris(ISP) is a private international school based in Paris, France. It is a non-profit organization, and is managed by a board of trustees. Many members of this board are parents of ISP students.
The Grand Duchy of Flandrensis is a micronation with claims over some territories of Antarctica, which was founded in 2008 by the Belgian Niels Vermeersch. Flandrensis is not recognised by any country or government, nor is it their intention to get diplomatic recognition. Since 2021 the micronation is registered in Belgium as the environmental non-profit organization “vzw Groothertogdom Flandrensis”.
Jordan Bardella is a French politician who has been the president of the National Rally (RN) since 2022, after serving as acting president from September 2021 to November 2022 and as vice-president from 2019 to 2022. Bardella has also served as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) since 2019, when he was the lead candidate for the RN in the European Parliament election, and has been a regional councillor of Île-de-France since 2015.
Micronations and the Search for Sovereignty is a 2021 book by Australian constitutional law specialists Harry Hobbs and George Williams about micronations and their legal status. Written from an academic perspective, it is one of few works on micronational movements and the earliest-published book to focus largely on the legal aspect of micronations. The book concerns the definition of statehood, the place of micronations within international law, people's motivations for declaring them, the micronational community and the ways by which such entities mimic sovereign states. In 2022 Hobbs and Williams published a book for a broader audience, How to Rule Your Own Country: The Weird and Wonderful World of Micronations.
The League of Secessionist States is a dormant, Internet-based intermicronational organisation that exists "to promote intermicronational communication and partnership, and serves to act as a supramicronational, impartial Body where such a need for one may exist." Initially established on 26 November 1980 by Robert B. Madison, self-proclaimed king of the Kingdom of Talossa, it was reestablished in April 1996 during a "micronational boom" on the Internet. It was the principal intermicronational organisation on the Internet between 1997 and at least 2000.
The Most Serene Federal Republic of Montmartre is either a micronation or an extended political satire. It is mostly within the boundaries of the New York City borough of Manhattan.
How to Start Your Own Country is an American non-fiction book written by Erwin S. Strauss about micronationalism, particularly its application to libertarianism and individualism. Strauss, who holds libertarian views, believes in the abolition of the power of the state. In How to Start Your Own Country, Strauss introduces five approaches that micronations may take in an attempt to achieve statehood, and documents various micronations and their mostly unsuccessful attempts at seceding. The first book published about micronations, How to Start Your Own Country was published in 1979, with subsequent editions in 1984 by Loompanics and in 1999 by Paladin Press. The book was well-received by critics.
Although the academic study of micronations—known as micropatriology—is limited, there have nevertheless been a number of published works on the subject. The following is a list documenting these written works. This list does not contain works wherein micronationalism is the secondary theme, such as reference works which contain or make references to micronations and books about individual micronations.
Fabrice Houdart, FRSA is a human rights advocate and academic specialized on LGBTQ+ rights and corporate governance.
References
Citations
- ↑ Exelby-Bramley, Nicholas (1 January 1979). "From Brunel to Barnes Wallis". Built Environment. 5 (3): 232. Retrieved 16 November 2022– via ProQuest.
- ↑ O'Driscoll, Fabrice (2000). Ils ne siègent pas à l'ONU: revue de quelques micro-Etats, micro-nations et autres entités éphémères (in French). Institut français de micropatrologie. Presses du Midi . p. 100. ISBN 978-2-87867-251-0.
- 1 2 Moreau, Terri Ann (2014). Subversive Sovereignty: Parodic Representations of Micropatrias Enclaved by the United Kingdom (PDF) (Thesis). University of London. p. 51. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- 1 2 3 Strauss 1999, p. 162.
- 1 2 Bongartz, Roy (28 March 1976). "Nations Off the Beaten Track". The New York Times . Retrieved 9 November 2022– via New York Times Archives.
- 1 2 "International Micropatrological Society (IMS)". Global Civil Society Database. Yearbook of International Organizations. Union of International Associations (UIA). n.d. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ↑ Hèctor, Martín Español (2007). "Micronacions i micronacionalisme a la xarxa d'Internet: un reflex del món en clau virtual" [Micronations and micronationalism on the Internet: a reflection of the virtual world](PDF). Treballs de la Societat Catalana de Geografia (in Catalan) (64). Societat Catalana de Geografia : 173. ISSN 2014-0037 . Retrieved 10 December 2024.
- ↑ Cohen, Randy (18 July 1977). "Ma Bell v. Montmartre: A Ruritanian Melodrama". New York . Vol. 10, no. 29. New York Media LLC. p. 56. Retrieved 9 November 2022.
- ↑ Strauss 1999, p. III.
- ↑ Latrive, Florent (2 October 1998). "L'organisation des nations online. De Choconia à Mérovingie, les "micronations" virtuelles se développent sur l'Internet avec leur Constitution, leur drapeau, voire leur monnaie. Entre jeux de rôles, création artistique et laboratoire politique" [The organization of nations online. From Choconia to Merovingia, virtual "micronations" are developing on the Internet with their own constitution, their own flag, even their own currency. Between roleplay, artistic creation and political laboratory.]. Libération (in French). Retrieved 6 January 2023.
- ↑ Foucher-Dufoix, Valérie; Dufoix, Stéphane (February 2012). "La patrie peut-elle être virtuelle ?" [Can the homeland be virtual?]. Pardés (in French). 52. In Press: 57–75. Retrieved 6 January 2023– via Cairn.info.
- ↑ Vieira, Fátima (2022). "Micronations and Hyperutopias". In Marks, Peter; Wagner-Lawlor, Jennifer A.; Vieira, Fátima (eds.). The Palgrave Handbook of Utopian and Dystopian Literatures. Palgrave Macmillan Cham. p. 282. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88654-7_22. ISBN 978-3-030-88654-7.
- ↑ Hinman, Kristen (29 April 2009). "Musical Chairs: At last, the mystery of the missing Chippendales is solved". Riverfront Times . Retrieved 10 December 2024.
General and cited references
- Strauss, Erwin S. (1999) [1979]. How to Start Your Own Country (3 ed.). Paladin Press. ISBN 978-1-58160-524-2.
