Grand Duchy of Avram | |
|---|---|
| Unrecognised micronation | |
 | |
| Type | Non-territorial |
| Claimed by | John Charlton Rudge |
| Dates claimed | 1980s–present |
The Grand Duchy of Avram is a micronation [1] founded in the early 1980s by Tasmanian John Charlton Rudge, [2] who styles himself the "Grand Duke of Avram".
The public manifestation of the Duchy was the Royal Bank of Avram, which at one time operated from retail premises owned by Rudge in George Town, Tasmania, and which still issues its own banknotes and coinage and platinum 1 ounce coins. This enterprise was later relocated to Strahan, on Tasmania's west coast. [3] Customers were required to exchange Australian currency for the Avram equivalents in order to obtain the currency. The Bank still operates today. [4]
Due to its lack of a licence, the Avram Bank attracted the attention of the Australian government, who confiscated Rudge's entire currency reserves and initiated proceedings against him in the Australian Federal Court system. After a total of six court cases, costing the federal government around A$22 million, the courts ruled that Rudge had not engaged in any illegal activity, and ordered the return of all the confiscated property, though some disappeared in Federal Custody and later appeared on the market. Rudge was permitted to resume his banking practices. He has issued several sets of coins and banknotes in the name of the Royal Bank of Avram since the 1980s (the most recent of which are[ when? ] dated 2008) and has told the media that the bank operates from a number of unspecified sites inside and outside of Tasmania.
Krause Publications' Unusual World Coins notes that since Rudge was found to be not guilty, "his Royal Bank must be considered a legal institution". The coins were "enameled on goldine plated metal", and issued in various denominations up to 250 Ducals. 100 Ducals is equal to 1 Avram, which is 1/30th ounce of gold. [5]
Rudge was elected as a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the Liberal Party in the seat of Lyons. He served a single term and held the position of Shadow Minister for Construction. Rudge later served as a councillor and deputy mayor of the municipal council of Sorell under his legal name as agreed by Justice Pierre Slicer in one of his decisions.
Rudge claims dozens of "noble" and "religious" titles (among them "Earl of Enoch" and "Cardinal Archbishop of The Royal See"), which he asserts are of ancient origin. He also claims to be the grand master of a handful of ancient orders of chivalry, and to travel on an Australian passport that lists his various titles.
The Duchy of Avram has never claimed territory in the manner of other Australian micronations such as the Hutt River Province. As of 2008, Rudge was living in Sorell, and said that his duchy was "philosophical, not territorial". [6]
A micronation is a political entity whose representatives claim that they belong to an independent nation or sovereign state, but which lacks legal recognition by any sovereign state. Micronations are classified separately from de facto states and quasi-states; they are also not considered to be autonomous or self-governing as they lack the legal basis in international law for their existence. The activities of micronations are almost always trivial enough to be ignored rather than disputed by the established nations whose territory they claim—referred to in micronationalism as macronations. Several micronations have issued coins, flags, postage stamps, passports, medals and other state-related items, some as a source of revenue. Motivations for the creation of micronations include theoretical experimentation, political protest, artistic expression, personal entertainment and the conduct of criminal activity. The study of micronationalism is known as micropatriology or micropatrology.
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John the Duke of Avram is the titular head of the Grand Duchy of Avram, an Australian micronation. He also served one term in the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the Liberal Party in the seat of Lyons. His adopted title is His Grace the Most Noble the Duke of Avram, and his legal name is "John the Duke of Avram".
Robert Geoffrey "Bob" Mainwaring was a former Australian politician. He was born in Wynyard, Tasmania. In 1986 he was elected to the Tasmanian House of Assembly representing Lyons for the Liberal Party. In 1986 he was defeated by the Duke of Avram, the head of a tiny micronation who ran a high-profile campaign. He defeated the Duke in 1992 and held his seat until 1998, when the reduction in the size of the House meant he again lost his seat.
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The ten-dollar piece was a gold Canadian coin that was struck for circulation from 1912 to 1914, consisting of 90% gold and 10% copper.
