Senatus Populusque Novus Romanus | |
Formation | 1998 |
---|---|
Type | Nonprofit |
Official language | Latin |
Website | www.novaroma.org |
Nova Roma (Latin for 'New Rome') is an international [1] [2] Roman cultural revivalist and reconstructionist organization created in 1998, later incorporated in Maine (USA) as a non-profit organization with an educational and spiritual mission. [3] Nova Roma is dedicated to promote "the restoration of classical Roman religion, culture, and virtues" and "shared Roman ideals". [4] [5]
Notable for providing extensive resources about Roman culture, Latin, ancient Roman costuming and reenactment guidelines, [5] [6] [7] Nova Roma aims to be more than a community of reenactors or history study group. Based on the reconstructed Roman ceremonies and spiritual aspects of the activities of Nova Roma, Strimska, [8] Davy, [9] Adler, [10] Gallagher-Ashcraft, [11] and Chryssides [12] refer to it as the world's leading Roman reconstructionist community. Because it has a structure based on the ancient Roman Republic, [13] with a senate, magistrates and laws enacted by vote of the comitia, [14] and with its own coinage, [15] [16] and because the Nova Roma Wiki states that the group self-identifies as a "sovereign nation", some outside observers [4] [16] [17] [18] classify it as a micronation.
The most important goal of Nova Roma is to provide a living community for Roman reenactors, scholars and fans of ancient Rome, and to all varieties of people who self-identify as Romans in the present day modern world, and to revive those traditions through which an authentic Roman identity can be experienced and expressed. [19] Since one of the most authentic and traditional forms of cultural self-expression for Romans was the celebration of various festivals, rites and ceremonies, Nova Roma has adopted [10] [20] the ancient Roman religion as its "state religion," while also guaranteeing the freedom of religion of its citizens. The British scholar Michael York noted that the traditional Roman way of thinking, Roman philosophy, provides the moral code for Nova Romans. [21]
Both the domestic traditions and the so-called sacra publica are reconstructed by Nova Roma as authentically as possible, [22] [9] including the restoration [23] of the ancient priestly collegia , like the offices of pontifex and flamen, [24] and the honoring of the full cycle of Roman holidays throughout the year. [25] According to the Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance, at the time of Christmas, Nova Romans celebrate the Roman holiday Saturnalia. [26] [27] [28] [29]
In 2006, Margot Adler noted the organization's plan to restore a Magna Mater shrine in Rome. [30]
Nova Roma holds its own local and international conventions and regularly participates with its affiliated reenactment groups [31] in such history festivals and public events as the Festival of Ancient Heritage [32] in Svishtov, Bulgaria, the Roman Market Day [33] [34] [35] in Wells, Maine's Harbor Park, and Forum Fulvii in Italy, Ludi Savarienses Historical Carnival, the Aquincum Floralia Spring Festival [36] [37] [38] in Budapest, Hungary, or the Natale di Roma(the historical festival of the birthday of Rome) in Rome, Italy, [39] where Nova Roma celebrated its twentieth anniversary.
Among the cultural activities of Nova Roma, competitions and games associated with various Roman festivals have an important place. They can include a wide range of various programs from humorous online games up to serious art-competitions like the Certamen Petronianum, [40] [41] a literary contest of historical novel writing first held in 2005, where the jury was composed of notables including Colleen McCullough, author of many Roman-themed best-selling novels, and T. P. Wiseman, university professor of Roman history and former vice-president of the British Academy, or the second edition of the same competition, where the jury was Jo Walton, World Fantasy Award-winning novelist and poet. [42] Kristoffer From was the winner of the first Certamen Petronianum. [43]
Nova Roma has minted two coins with the denomination of sestertius, one in bronze, issued in 2000, and another in brass, dating from 2005. Each bears the letters SPQR and has a diameter of 32mm, a thickness of 1.8 mm. These sesterces are convertible into 50 US cents, [44] if sent back to the treasury of the organization, thus they can be used in place of real currency between members of the community.
Regarding the monetary policies of Nova Roma, as not-for-profit organization its treasury is dedicated to sponsor various Roman cultural projects, including experimental archaeology initiatives, reenactment events, or building Roman temple reconstructions, altars or other reconstructed accessories or any items from the ancient Roman period.
The international governance of Nova Roma permits [45] the Nova Roman communities of each country to create their national subdivision of Nova Roma, called provincia, and to form their own not-for-profit or incorporated organizations, established under the respective legislation of their local country. [46] This enables better local recognition and management, as well as provides the means for legal and insurance coverage, such as that offered by the Australasian Living History Federation (ALHF). [47]
Revival of things Roman and their co-option for symbolic importance have a long history. Nova Roma ( Latin for 'New Rome') in its deliberate revival of grandiose remnants of the past thus parallels and echoes other New Romes such as:
[...] Nova Roma is currently raising money to restore a shrine of Magna Mater in Rome.
The result of Constantinople's founding was the end of a national basis for the Empire [...] Milan and Ravenna had been unable to compete with Rome, though they were court residences, but Nova Roma could.
Thus it happened that 'Rome' migrated from incarnation to incarnation, wandering first to Constantinople and later to Moscow, the third Rome, but also to Aachen where Charlemagne built a 'Lateran' and apparently planned to establish the Roma futura. [...] Constantinople and Aachen and others claimed to be each a nova Roma[...]
Mussolini made immense efforts to portray an image of Italian greatness, and the memory of Ancient Rome was constantly traded on in the régime's propaganda. Thus the normal handshake [...] was replaced by the 'Roman Salute' and the Mediterranean became 'our sea'. [...] Some streams in Fascism demanded spiritual revival based on the concept of a 'New Rome'.
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