Murrawarri Republic

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Murrawarri Republic
Micronation
Flag of Murrawarri Republic.svg
Flag
StatusCurrent
LocationParts of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia
Capital Barringun
Official languages Muruwari, Australian English
Ethnic groups
Murrawarri people
European Australians
Religion
Dreamtime Religion
Organizational structure Republic
 Chairman of the Provisional Council of State
Fred Hooper
Establishment
 Declared
30 March 2013
Area claimed
 Total
81,000 km2 (31,000 sq mi) [1] [Note 1]
Purported currency Australian dollar (AUD)
Time zone UTC+10:00
UTC+11:00 (DST; NSW territory only)

The Murrawarri Republic is a micronation that declared its independence from Australia in 2013, that claims territory and sovereignty over an area straddling the border of the states of New South Wales and Queensland within Australia. The territory is the traditional homeland of the Murrawarri people, an Aboriginal people, but the population of the territory claimed now comprises mostly non-Indigenous Australians. The Government of Australia has not acknowledged the declaration of independence, and their independence has been wholly unrecognised.

Contents

Declaration of the Continuance of the State of Murrawarri Nation

On 30 March 2013, the Murrawarri Republic released a declaration announcing its independence. The Peoples Council of the Murrawarri gave the Queen of England [sic] (Elizabeth II), the Prime Minister of Australia (Julia Gillard), as well as the Premiers of Queensland (Campbell Newman) and New South Wales (Barry O'Farrell) 21 days to respond to the declaration. [1]

The specific requests made to Queen Elizabeth II were:

The deadline expired on 8 May 2013, with the Crown failing to give a response. The Council interpreted their failure to produce the requested documents to be affirmation by the Crown of "the Murrawarri Republic to be a continued Free and Independent State, in line with International law and covenants". [2] On 12 May 2013, the Murrawarri people took their sovereignty campaign to the United Nations, asking that they be recognized as the world's newest country. [1] On 13 May 2013, the Murrawarri Republic established a Ministry of Defence. [3] The Declaration of Continued Independence, states that there shall be a referendum for the establishment of the elected not later than 1 April 2014 and that until such a referendum the People's Council shall act as the governing body. [4]

On 30 May 2013, Time reported that Attorney-General’s Department of the Australian Government had not replied because there was no legal basis for a reply, a view backed by George Newhouse, a Sydney-based human-rights lawyer known for his work with Indigenous Australians. [5]

Geography

The Murrawarri Republic website identifies its territory as being roughly triangular in shape, traversing the Queensland/New South Wales border with its easterly apex close to the two state borders about 600 km from the Pacific Ocean, on the landward side of the Great Dividing Range, its north-westerly apex close to the Queensland town of Cunnamulla and its southwesterly apex at the confluence of the Darling and Warrego Rivers. It is roughly 200 km from east to west and about 250 km from north to south. The republic’s website [6] quotes its area as being 81,796 km2, but this area is inconsistent with measurements taken from the map. [Note 1]

The micronation uses Australian currency. [7]

The inconsistency between Murrawarri's land claim and the claimed land's true area has been specifically examined in a study published by Indigenous Policy Journal, which confirms that Murrawarri's true area is about 22,170 km2, less than one third of what is officially claimed. The study also concluded that "the proclamation of the Republic of Murrawarri is currently exerting a significant influence over similar contexts in Australia", thus reinforcing the debate on Aboriginal sovereignty. [8]

The First Peoples Worldwide website quotes the population of the Murrawarri republic as being approximately 4,000, [9] but this value is inconsistent with census figures. [Note 2]

The dominant vegetation and climate, based on the Köppen classification, is described as hot, persistently dry grassland. [10] The average maximum and minimum temperatures in January are about 36°C and 18°C respectively and in July are 22°C and 5°C respectively. The rainfall is approximately 360 mm per annum, with more rain falling in the summer than in the winter. [Note 3]

The Mitchell Highway (A71) traverses the territory from north to south.

Provisional Council of State

"Today is a historic moment. The Murrawarri Republic now has a formal interim government that is responsible for the governance of the Republic. This day is very significant as it begins to free the Murrawarri Peoples from the tyranny of our colonial oppressors"

Fred Hooper at the first meeting of the People's Council [11]

The Provisional Council of State is the governing body of the Murrawarri Republic. The first meeting of the People's Council was held at Weilmoringle on 13 July 2013, where the meeting passed a unanimous resolution to establish the Provisional Council of State.

It is made up of 11 members, who are Fred Hooper (the leader [1] ), Kevin Hooper, Phyllis Cubby, Evelyn Barker, Sam Jefferies, Desmond Jones, Phillip Sullivan, Julie Johnston, Gloria Johnston, Sharni Hooper, and Alison Salt. Fred Hooper is the current chairman of the Provisional Council of State. [11]

Flag meaning

The brown represents the land, and the light blue represents the sky, where Murrawarri spirits reside until their return on the falling star, as well as the water and the people. Together, the colors represent mother earth. The white star in the upper left corner has eight points which represent the eight clan groups of the Murrawarri Republic. [12]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 The area of 81,796 km2 quoted on the website does not correspond with the coordinates cited in the same website. If the territory claimed is approximated by a triangle with its northerly apex at 28°9′29″S145°52′11″E / 28.15806°S 145.86972°E , its southerly apex at 30°24′15″S145°20′51″E / 30.40417°S 145.34750°E (quoted in the website) and its easterly coordinate at 29°0′0″S147°31′49″E / 29.00000°S 147.53028°E (estimated using A55 and A71 highways as reference points), the triangle will have sides of 263.3 km, 186.5 km and 254.6 km respectively. Using Heron's formula, such a triangle has an area of about 22,500 km2, significantly less than the quoted area of the territorynamely 81,796 km2. See the related research published by Abbondanza in 2018.
  2. Maps published by the Murrawarri Provisional Council of State show that most, if not all, of the republic lies within the Shire of Paroo (Queensland) or Bourke Shire (New South Wales): the 2010 census quotes the Shire of Paroo as having a population of 1951 and Bourke Shire as having a population of 2868. Of this total of 4819, 3362 (or 69.76%) of the population of these shires are shown as living in the towns of Bourke and Cunnamulla, which lie outside the republic, leaving a population of about 1450.
  3. These figures are the averages of the figures for Bourke and Cunnamulla.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Micronation</span> Self-proclaimed political entity

A micronation is a political entity whose representatives claim that they belong to an independent nation or sovereign state, but which lacks legal recognition by any sovereign state. Micronations are classified separately from de facto states and quasi-states; they are also not considered to be autonomous nor self-governing as they lack the legal basis in international law for their existence. The activities of micronations are almost always trivial enough to be ignored rather than disputed by the established nations whose territory they claim—referred to in micronationalism as "macronations." Several micronations have issued coins, flags, postage stamps, passports, medals and other state-related items, some as a source of revenue. Motivations for the creation of micronations include theoretical experimentation, political protest, artistic expression, personal entertainment and the conduct of criminal activity. The study of micronationalism is known as micropatriology or micropatrology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Australian Indigenous sovereignty</span> Concept and political movement regarding land ownership by Indigenous peoples in Australia

Australian Indigenous sovereignty, also recently termed Blak sovereignty, refers to various rights claimed by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples over parts or all of Australia. Such rights are said to derive from Indigenous peoples' occupation and ownership of Australia prior to colonisation and through their continuing spiritual connection to land. Indigenous sovereignty is not explicitly recognised in the Australian Constitution or under Australian law.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cunnamulla</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Cunnamulla is a town and a locality in the Shire of Paroo, Queensland, Australia. It is 206 kilometres (128 mi) south of Charleville, and approximately 750 kilometres (470 mi) west of the state capital, Brisbane. In the 2021 Census, Cunnamulla had a population of 1,233 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bourke, New South Wales</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Bourke is a town in the north-west of New South Wales, Australia. The administrative centre and largest town in Bourke Shire, Bourke is approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) north-west of the state capital, Sydney, on the south bank of the Darling River. it is also situated:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Thargomindah</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Thargomindah is a rural town and locality in the Shire of Bulloo, Queensland, Australia. The town of Thargomindah is the administrative centre for the Shire of Bulloo. In the 2016 census, Thargomindah had a population of 270 people. It was founded on Wongkumara and Kalali territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Warrego River</span> River in Australia

The Warrego River is an intermittent river that is part of the Darling catchment within the Murray–Darling basin, which is located in South West Queensland and in the Orana region of New South Wales, Australia. The Warrego River is the northernmost tributary of the Darling River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hope Vale, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Hope Vale is a town within the Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale and a coastal locality split between the Aboriginal Shire of Hope Vale and the Shire of Cook, both in Queensland, Australia. It is an Aboriginal community. In the 2016 census, the locality of Hope Vale had a population of 1,015 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shire of Paroo</span> Local government area in Queensland, Australia

The Shire of Paroo is a local government area in South West Queensland, Australia. The administrative centre is the town of Cunnamulla. The Paroo Shire covers an area of 47,623 square kilometres (18,387 sq mi). In the 2021 census, the Shire had a population of 1,679.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yarrabah, Queensland</span> Town in Queensland, Australia

Yarrabah is a coastal town and locality in the Aboriginal Shire of Yarrabah, Queensland, Australia. It is an Aboriginal community. In the 2021 census, the locality of Yarrabah had a population of 2,505 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shire of Aurukun</span> Local government area in Queensland, Australia

The Shire of Aurukun is a local government area in Far North Queensland, Australia. The shire covers part of western Cape York Peninsula, the most northerly section of the Australian mainland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aboriginal Shire of Yarrabah</span> Local government area in Queensland, Australia

The Aboriginal Shire of Yarrabah is a special local government area in Far North Queensland, Queensland, Australia, east and southeast of Cairns on Cape Grafton. It is managed under a Deed of Grant in Trust under the Local Government Act 2004.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aboriginal Provisional Government</span>

The Aboriginal Provisional Government (APG) is an Indigenous Australian independence movement.

Barringun is a rural locality in the Shire of Paroo, Queensland, Australia. It is on the border of Queensland and New South Wales. In the 2016 census, Barringun had a population of 7 people.

The Muruwari, also spelt Murawari, Murawarri, Murrawarri and other variants, are an Aboriginal Australian people of the state of New South Wales and the southwestern area of Queensland.

Cheepie is a town in the locality of Adavale in Shire of Quilpie, Queensland, Australia. It has a population of 2 people.

The Galali or Kalali were an indigenous Australian people of the state of Queensland.

Widgeegoara is a rural locality in the Shire of Paroo, Queensland, Australia. In the 2016 census, Widgeegoara had a population of 34 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secession in Australia</span>

This article relates to historical and current and separatist movements within Australia. Separatism includes the seeking of autonomy and secessionism.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Enngonia, New South Wales</span> Town in New South Wales, Australia

Enngonia, formerly known as Eringonia, is a small town in the north-west of New South Wales, Australia, in Bourke Shire, approximately 98 kilometres (61 mi) north of the regional centre of Bourke. The Warrego River runs just to the west of the town. The central street, Belalie Street, is otherwise the Mitchell Highway running north-south.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Murrawarri people take sovereignty campaign to UN". www.sbs.com.au. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 10 April 2021.
  2. "Murrawarri people: The Queen Recognises Murrawarri Republic". nationalunitygovernment.org. Archived from the original on 19 June 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  3. "Italian Media: Birth of the Republic of Aboriginal Murrawarri". Sovereign Union of First Nations and Peoples in 'Australia'. 23 May 2013. Archived from the original on 27 October 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  4. "The Murrawarri Republic declaration". Sovereign Union of First Nations and Peoples in 'Australia'. 2 April 2013. Archived from the original on 2 April 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  5. Neubauer, Ian Lloyd (30 May 2013). "Australia's Aborigines Launch a Bold Legal Push for Independence". Time magazine . Archived from the original on 30 July 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2013.
  6. "Map". Murrawarri Republic. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
  7. "Currency". kyliegibbon4.wix.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013. Retrieved 12 May 2013.
  8. Abbondanza, Gabriele (2018). "The Republic of Murrawarri and the Debate on Aboriginal Sovereignty in Australia". Indigenous Policy Journal. 28 (3): 1-16. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  9. "Aboriginals Create the World's Newest Government". First Peoples Worldwide. 25 July 2013. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
  10. "Australian climate zones". Australian Government, Bureau of Meteorology. Archived from the original on 16 May 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  11. 1 2 "Media Release". Murrawarri Republic. 14 July 2013. Archived from the original on 28 May 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2013.
  12. "Murrawarri Republic". Kyliegibbon4.wix.com. Archived from the original on 7 May 2013.

Further reading