Iris serotina

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Iris serotina
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Xiphium
Section: Iris sect. Xiphium
Species:
I. serotina
Binomial name
Iris serotina
Synonyms [1]
  • Iris cuatrecasasiiFont Quer
  • Iris variabilis subsp. serotina(Willk.) K.Richt.
  • Xiphion serotinum(Willk.) Soják

Iris serotina is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Xiphium . It is a bulbous perennial from southern Europe, found in Spain and Morocco.

Contents

Description

Iris serotina grows to a maximum height of 60 cm (24 in) tall and the narrow leaves are 2–6 mm wide and grow between 30–60 cm (12–24 in) tall. [2] They appear in the autumn, [3] [4] but then fade before flowering. [5]

It normally has 2 - 3 flowers per stem, [5] and generally blooms in late July, or August. [6] :287

Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [6] :17 It has blue-violet flowers, [4] the petals are veined with a deeper violet colour, and the falls are marked with a yellow patch. [4] [6] :287

Its seeds are small, yellow and semi-circular. [2]

Taxonomy

The specific epithet serotina, refers to the Latin word, 'serotina' meaning late in flowering. [7] [8]

In 1861, Heinrich Moritz Willkomm described Iris serotina after seeing plants from Province of Jaén (Spain). [9] Originally, he called it Iris filifolia , but this was later corrected to Iris serotina. [10] Then published in 'Prodromus Florae Hispanicae' Vol.1 in 1861. [11] [12] It was later illustrated in Curtis's Botanical Magazine No.733 in 1977. [5]

Iris serotina is an accepted name by the RHS, [13] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, then updated on 3 December 2004. [14]

Distribution and habitat

Iris serotina is native to temperate areas of Europe. [13] [14]

Range

Originally found in South eastern Spain. [6] [14] It has been found in Cuenca, Jaen and in the Province of Granada. It also has been found in Rif in Morocco. [9] [14] [15]

Habitat

It grows on rocks, on the shadow side of the mountains. [4]

Conservation

It is classed as 'Endangered', [4] and was on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants in Spain. [16]

Cultivation

It is best grown in a bulb frame or a very sheltered dry border, in the UK. [17]

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Also handling the plant may cause a skin irritation or an allergic reaction. [18]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Iris histrioides</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Iris danfordiae</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris hyrcana</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Iris kolpakowskiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris kolpakowskiana, or Kolpakowski's iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Monolepsis. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia.

Iris pamphylica is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is the largest member of the subgenus Hermodactyloides, it is also in the section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial from Antalya Province in Turkey, Asia. It has long narrow leaves, shorter stem holding a bi-coloured flower in shades of purple, blue or purple-brown, with a yellow, purple-spotted section on a petal.

<i>Iris tingitana</i> species of plant in the family Iridaceae

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<i>Iris filifolia</i> species of plant in the family Iridaceae

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<i>Iris planifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

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<i>Iris ser. Spuriae</i>

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

<i>Iris ruthenica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris ruthenica, sometimes called ever blooming iris, Russian iris, pilgrim iris and Hungarian iris, is a species in the genus Iris- subgenus Limniris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with a wide distribution, ranging from eastern Europe to Central Asia. It has grass-like leaves, thick stem and violet or bluish lavender flowers which are marked with violet veining.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> maritima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. maritima is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a beardless, rhizomatous perennial plant, from coastal regions Europe and north Africa with deep blue-violet flowers.

Iris falcifolia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Hexapogon. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan. It is a small plant, with sickle-shaped greyish-green leaves, lilac-violet flowers and darker veining, and a white or yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in dry, temperate regions.

Iris heweri is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Afghanistan. It has tall, green curved leaves, tall slender stems and purple blue or violet-blue flowers, with white and purple or lilac beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris hoogiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hoogiana is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the grassy mountainsides of Turkestan. It has long green leaves, which are slightly purple at the base, and a long slender flowering stem. The flowers are blue, ranging from sky-blue to lavender blue and blue purple. It has orange or yellow beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris korolkowii</i> Species of plant

Iris korolkowii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Tien Shan, Pamir and Altai, in Afghanistan and Turkestan. It is commonly known as the Redvein Iris. It has long, sword-shaped grey-green leaves, slender stem, and 2 to 3 white, cream, pale green or light purple flowers which are veined with maroon, chocolate brown or dark purple. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris attica</i> Species of plant

Iris attica, the Greek iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Balkans in Europe, within the countries of Greece, former Yugoslavia, Turkey and North Macedonia. It has sage green or grey-green leaves, that are sickle-shaped, a stout short stem and 2 variable flowers, in shades from yellow to purple. They have a white or blue beard. It is often called Iris pumila subsp attica, but is classified in most sources, as a separate species, although it is closely related to Iris pumila, as a possible parent plant. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sambucina</i> Species of plant

Iris sambucina, the elder scented iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from southern and central Europe, and Spain. It has green, curved or sword-like leaves, tall round stem, multiple flowers in shades from brown violet, or brown-purple, to purple-violet, blue violet, mauve, and to purple. The large flowers are fragrant, with the scent of elderflowers, hence the name. It was first considered a separate species, then it was classified as a synonym of Iris germanica, before being classified as a separate species again, but with a hybrid origin from Iris pallida and Iris variegata. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

References

  1. "Iris serotina Willk. is an accepted name". theplantlist.org. 23 March 2012. Retrieved 19 November 2014.
  2. 1 2 "iris serotina". iridaceae.e-monocot.org. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  3. "The Southern African Bulb Group, Newsletter No. 10" (PDF). www.sabg.tk. April 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Dominguez, Rafael Diez (26 July 2006). "Iris serotina". signa.org. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification , p. 259, at Google Books
  6. 1 2 3 4 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   0-88192-730-9.
  7. Stearn, William (1972). A Gardenerer's Dictionary of Plant Names. London: Cassell. p. 291. ISBN   0304937215.
  8. James Armitage (Editor) RHS Practical Latin for Gardeners: More than 1,500 Essential Plant Names and ... , p. 430, at Google Books
  9. 1 2 "Candollea (Journal International de botanique systematique)" (PDF). 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  10. Crespo Villalba, Manuel B. (2012). "Nomenclatural Types of Iberian Irises (Iris and Related genera, Iridaceae)" (PDF). rua.ua.es. p. 59. Retrieved 1 August 2014.
  11. "Iris serotina". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 31 July 2014.
  12. Gonzalo Mateo Sanz and José Luis Benito Alonso (Editors) Flora Montiberica, 53 , p. 59, at Google Books
  13. 1 2 "Iris serotina". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  14. 1 2 3 4 "Iris serotina". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 20 March 2018.
  15. Pries, Bob (7 July 2016). "(SPEC) Iris serotina". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 21 March 2018.
  16. Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett (Editors) 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants , p. 679, at Google Books
  17. Cassidy, G.E.; Linnegar, S. (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 74. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.
  18. David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books

Other sources

Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Iris serotina at Wikispecies