Iris filifolia

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Iris filifolia
Iris filifolia.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Xiphium
Section: Iris sect. Xiphium
Species:
I. filifolia
Binomial name
Iris filifolia
Synonyms
  • Xiphion filifolium var. latifoliumBaker
  • Xiphion filifoliumBoiss.
  • Xiphion tingitanumHook [2]
  • Iris praecox [3]

Iris filifolia is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Xiphium . It is a bulbous perennial from North Africa and Europe. It has thin leaves, summer flowers in shades of red-purple.

Contents

Description

It has 3 mm wide leaves, [4] which appear in the autumn. [5] It normally reaches a height of 10-16 inches (or 25–40 cm). [6] But can reach up to 45 cm tall. [5] It flowers between March and June. [6] Normally more than 2 flowers per stem. [7] When the flowering shoot comes out of the ground it is covered in a purple or white blotched sheath. [4] These then open up to revel red-purple flowers with orange spots, [6] or yellow stripe on the falls. [8]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [6] It has a chromosome count: 2n=32. [8]

Taxonomy

Its name means 'thread-leaved iris'. [9]

In Gibraltar, it is also known as the 'Narrow-leaved Purple Iris'. [10]

It is often mistakenly called 'Spanish Iris'. [11] The Spanish Iris is Iris xiphium .

In 1842, it was first described by Pierre Edmond Boissier in 'Voyage botanique en Espagne' Vol 2, on page 602. [12] Dykes notes that this description is incorrect. [13] It was also described in Curtis's Botanical Magazine No.5929 as 'Xiphion filifolium'. [3]

It was recorded in the Catalogue of Life in 2011, [2] and it was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 4 April 2003, and updated on 14 November 2005. [14]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of North Africa and Europe. [14]

Range

It was found originally on Sierra de Mijas, [15] and Sierra Bermeja in Spain, at 3,000–4,000 ft (910–1,220 m) above sea level. [3]

It is found within Africa, in Morocco, (near Tangier, [6] [8] ) and within Europe, in Southwestern Spain, [14] [6] [8] and in Gibraltar. [10] [8]

Habitat

Iris filifolia likes to grow in sandy areas. [16]

Cultivation

It is best grown in a bulb frame in the UK. [17]

It is known to be toxic like other bulbs in the genus. [18]

Cultivars

Several known cultivars are; [3]

Hybrids

[5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants in the family Iridaceae

Iris is a flowering plant genus of 310 accepted species with showy flowers. As well as being the scientific name, iris is also widely used as a common name for all Iris species, as well as some belonging to other closely related genera. A common name for some species is flags, while the plants of the subgenus Scorpiris are widely known as junos, particularly in horticulture. It is a popular garden flower.

<i>Iris graminea</i> Species of iris

Iris graminea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the subgenus Limniris of the genus Iris, in particular the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with purple or violet blue flowers almost hidden by narrow, grass-like leaves, and a plum scented fragrance. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It has several common names, including grass-leaved flag, grass leaved iris, plum iris and plum tart iris. This species naturally occurs in the southern half of Europe, from Spain and France in the West to Russia and the Caucasus in the East.

<i>Iris danfordiae</i> Species of plant

Iris danfordiae, the dwarf iris or Danford iris, is a bulbous perennial plant in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is from Turkey in Asia. It has 2 gray-green or bluish green, thick leaves, short slender stem holding a scented flower, in shades of yellow. They are spotted olive-green or green and have a deep yellow or orange crest.

Iris pamphylica is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is the largest member of the subgenus Hermodactyloides, it is also in the section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial from Antalya Province in Turkey, Asia. It has long narrow leaves, shorter stem holding a bi-coloured flower in shades of purple, blue or purple-brown, with a yellow, purple-spotted section on a petal.

<i>Iris vartanii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris vartanii is a plant species in the genus Iris. It is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial.

<i>Iris histrio</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris histrio, the Syrian iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan, Israel, Lebanon, Syria and southern Turkey.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">subg.</span> Xiphium</i> Subgenus of flowering plants

Subgenus Xiphium is a subgenus of Iris. If considered a separate genus from Iris, it is known as genus Xiphion.

<i>Iris tingitana</i> Species of plant in the family Iridaceae

Iris tingitana is a species in the genus Iris in the subgenus of Xiphium.

Iris serotina is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Xiphium. It is a bulbous perennial from southern Europe, found in Spain and Morocco.

<i>Iris boissieri</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris boissieri, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Xiphium. It is from Europe, mainly Spain and Portugal. It has blue-purple flowers with a yellow beard.

Iris rutherfordii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Xiphium. It is a bulbous perennial.

<i>Iris rosenbachiana</i> Species of plant

Iris rosenbachiana, the spinster iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Central Asia, within Tajikistan and Afghanistan. It has long mid-green leaves, short flower stem, sweet scented flowers in early spring in shades of purple.

Iris vicaria is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Scorpiris. It is a bulbous perennial from Asia, found in Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. It has tall arching leaves, and has varied coloured flowers, with white, blue and purple between April and May.

<i>Iris hoogiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris hoogiana is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the grassy mountainsides of Turkestan. It has long green leaves, which are slightly purple at the base, and a long slender flowering stem. The flowers are blue, ranging from sky-blue to lavender blue and blue purple. It has orange or yellow beards. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris hookeriana</i> Species of plant

Iris hookeriana is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Himalayan mountains of India and Pakistan. It has long pale green or yellow green leaves, long slender stem and fragrant blue, purple or lilac flowers, that are mottled with a darker colour. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris attica</i> Species of plant

Iris attica, the Greek iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Balkans in Europe, within the countries of Greece, former Yugoslavia, Turkey and North Macedonia. It has sage green or grey-green leaves, that are sickle-shaped, a stout short stem and 2 variable flowers, in shades from yellow to purple. They have a white or blue beard. It is often called Iris pumila subsp attica, but is classified in most sources, as a separate species, although it is closely related to Iris pumila, as a possible parent plant. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sambucina</i> Species of plant

Iris sambucina, the elder scented iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from southern and central Europe, and Spain. It has green, curved or sword-like leaves, tall round stem, multiple flowers in shades from brown violet, or brown-purple, to purple-violet, blue violet, mauve, and to purple. The large flowers are fragrant, with the scent of elderflowers, hence the name. It was first considered a separate species, then it was classified as a synonym of Iris germanica, before being classified as a separate species again, but with a hybrid origin from Iris pallida and Iris variegata. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris suaveolens</i> Species of plant

Iris suaveolens is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Eastern Europe, ranging from the Balkans to Turkey. It has short, sickle shaped or curved, blue-green or greyish green leaves, a slender simple stem, with 1 or 2 fragrant spring blooming, flowers, between yellow and purple, with white or yellow beards. It was once known as Iris mellita, until that was re-classified as a synonym of Iris suaveolens. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

References

  1. Crespo, M.B. (2017). "Iris filifolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2017: e.T13161707A65077657. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T13161707A65077657.en . Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 Roskov Y.; Kunze T.; Orrell T.; et al., eds. (2011). "Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2014 Annual Checklist". Species 2000: Reading, UK. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "(SPEC) Iris filifolia Boiss". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  4. 1 2 James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification , p. 259, at Google Books
  5. 1 2 3 4 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 221, at Google Books
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.
  7. "Iris filifolia Boiss". iridaceae.e-monocot.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  9. Ivan Nikolaevič Filipév and Jacobus Hermanus Schuurmans Stekhoven A Manual of Agricultural Helminthology , p. 284, at Google Books
  10. 1 2 Linares, Leslie L. "Gibraltar Flora". www.gibraltar.gov.gi. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  11. "Iris filifolia". www.webster-dictionary.org. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  12. "Iris filifolia Boiss". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  13. Dykes, William R. "Dykes on Irises (Reprints of Journals)" (PDF). www.beardlessiris.org. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  14. 1 2 3 "Iris filifolia". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 8 February 2018.
  15. CRESPO VILLALBA, Manuel B. (2012). "Nomenclatural Types OF Iberian Irises (Iris and Related Genera, Iridaceae)" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  16. Rosenberg, Kristin. "Flowers of Gibraltar". www.unicover.com. Retrieved 29 July 2014.
  17. Cassidy, G.E.; Linnegar, S. (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 74. ISBN   0-88192-089-4.
  18. "Iris filifolia - Boiss". www.pfaf.org. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  19. Griffiths, David (April 1928). "Production of Certain Iris Bulbs" . Retrieved 30 July 2014.

Other sources

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Iris filifolia at Wikimedia Commons Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Iris filifolia at Wikispecies