Iris setina

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Iris setina
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Species:
I. setina
Binomial name
Iris setina

Iris setina, the iris of Sezze , is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from a small region in Italy.It has glaucous sword-like leaves, slender branched stem, and one or two violet toned flowers. It is not yet cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

It is similar in form to Iris germanica . [1]

It has evergreen, glaucous and smooth leaves. Most are ensiform (sword-like) but a few were falcate (sickle-shaped). They can grow up to 40 cm (16 in) long and between 3 cm wide. Although, the leaves at the stem base are smaller. [1]

It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between 11–50 cm (4–20 in) tall. [1] [2] [3] They normally have 2 branches, [3] the lowest branch is about 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long. The branches have one small, narrow stem leaf, around 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long. [1]

The upper branch has a slightly inflated spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are slightly violet stained or marked. [1]

The stems (and branches) hold between 1–2 terminal flowers, blooming between February and early March. [1]

The flowers come in shades of violet, [3] or violet-purple. [2] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [4] : 17  Some flowers are bi-toned, [3] with the falls darker than standards. [1]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, which has not yet been described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [4] : 18 

In 1993, Colasante & Saur (in Linzer biol. Beitr. Vol.25, Issue2 on page 1189) stated that Iris setina could be regarded as an allopolyploid and theorise that it may have derived from other bearded dwarf species such as Iris pseudopumila Tineo and Iris pallida Lam. [1]

It also has a chromosome count of 2n=40, [1] [2] [3] which is the same as Iris bicapitata , Iris relicta , Iris lutescens and Iris revoluta . [5]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet setina refers to 'Setia', [6] [7] which is an old form of Sezze, [8] a town in the region of Latium (which is now Lazio, one of the administrative regions of Italy). [1]

In 1958, Professor Ignazio Ricci (1922–1986), [9] found the iris on Monte Trevi (near the town of Sezze) in Latium, south of Rome. He then reported and published the discovery in 'Annali Botanica' (Roma) Vol.26 (Issue 1) on pages 43–49, as being different to forms of Iris germanica L. [1]

Then on 15 February 1974, more specimens of the iris were found on the Monte Trevi and then sent to Maretta Colasante, who named the iris as Iris setina and then described and published it in Giornale Botanico Italiano (Giorn. Bot. Ital.) Vol.120 (1–2) Supplement 1 on page 112. on 30 September 1989. [1] [6]

It was then published in Bulletin of the American Iris Society Vol.292 on pages 82–85 in January 1994. [1]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life, [10] and is listed on the Catalogue of Life, [11] but has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List as of October 2015. [12]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Europe. [6]

Range

It is found near the town of Sezze, [1] [2] [5] within the region of Latina, [5] in Italy. [3] [6]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division, [13] or by seed growing.

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction. [14]

Related Research Articles

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Iris anguifuga is a beardless iris in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Tenuifoliae of the genus. It is a rhizomatous herbaceous perennial, from China. It has narrow green leaves, long stem and violet or blue flowers.

Iris dolichosiphon is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China and Bhutan. It has long, thin dark green leaves, very short stem, and dark blue, purple, or violet flowers. That are mottled with white. It has thick white/orange beards. It has one subspecies, Iris dolichosiphon subsp. orientalis, from China, India and Burma. It has similar flowers. They are cultivated as ornamental plants in temperate regions

<i>Iris aphylla</i> Species of plant

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Iris bicapitata is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Gargano Peninsula, Italy. It has sickle or pointed leaves, shorter than the flowering stem. It has two flowers, which come in variable shades from yellow, white, lilac, blue and violet. They can also be bi-coloured. It is thought to have been derived from Iris pseudopumila. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris cypriana is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Cyprus. It has narrow, glaucous and evergreen leaves, tall slender stem, with 2–3 branches, and 1–3 large flowers in lavender, lilac, red-lilac, to dark purple shades. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It is listed in some sources as a synonym of Iris germanica.

<i>Iris florentina</i> Variety of plant

The identity of the plant first described by Carl Linnaeus as Iris florentina remains unclear, as of December 2021. In horticulture, it has been treated as a white-flowered variant of Iris × germanica, under names such as Iris germanica nothovar. florentina, Iris × germanica var. florentina and Iris × germanica 'Florentina'. Iris florentina has also been treated as the correct name for the true species also known as Iris albicansLange.

Iris hellenica is a plant species in the genus Iris and the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Saitas Mountain, in the Peloponnese Region of Greece. It has grey-green, sickle-shaped leaves, a tall slender stem, 2–3 white, lavender-blue, lilac or purple flowers and orange/purple beards. It was thought once to be a hybrid species of Iris germanica which also grows in the same area, before being separated into 2 species. It has only recently been published and is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris junonia</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris marsica</i> Species of plant

Iris marsica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Apennine Mountains, in Italy. It has glaucous, sickle-shaped or curved, light green leaves, slender stem with 2 branches, and 3 violet, light blue violet, dark violet, and dark purple flowers. It was only found and described since 1973, and is not yet in general cultivation. It was once thought to be a form of Iris germanica, but has different morphological characteristics and different chromosomal differences.

<i>Iris mesopotamica</i> Species of plant

Iris mesopotamica, the Mesopotamian iris, is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the middle East, within the countries of Iraq, Turkey, Syria and Israel. It has linear, grey-green or green broad leaves, tall stem with 2–3 branches, holding up to 9 scented flowers, in shades of violet, purple, lavender blue and light blue, with a yellow and white or orange and white beard. It is listed as a synonym of Iris germanica in some sources. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, including being planted in graveyards and cemeteries but may also be used for celebrations and decoration.

<i>Iris pallida <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cengialti</i> Species of plant

Iris pallida subsp. cengialti is a subspecies in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Italy and Slovenia. It has yellowish-green, glaucous, lanceolate or ensiform leaves, tall stem, green flushed with purple spathes, 2 short branches, 2–3 scented flowers, in shades of violet, blue-violet, deep purple, blue-purple, deep blue-purple, pale purple, deep blue, to mid-blue. It has a yellow or orange tipped beard. It was originally published as Iris cengialti but then re-classified as a subspecies of Iris pallida, and known as Iris pallida subsp. cengialti, but it is often still called Iris cengialti. It is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant in temperate regions.

Iris perrieri is a plant species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Savoy Alps in southern France and recently in Italy. It has green, deeply ribbed, sickle shaped leaves, a slender stem with a branch, 1–3 scented flowers that are violet or purple, with a white or pale blue beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its rarity in the wild. It was once thought to be a form of Iris aphylla, before cell (chromosome) analysis determined it to be a separate species.

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<i>Iris sambucina</i> Species of plant

Iris sambucina, the elder scented iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from southern and central Europe. It has green, curved or sword-like leaves, tall round stem, multiple flowers in shades from brown violet, or brown-purple, to purple-violet, blue violet, mauve, and to purple. The large flowers are fragrant, with the scent of elderflowers, hence the name. It was first considered a separate species, then it was classified as a synonym of Iris germanica, before being classified as a separate species again, but with a hybrid origin from Iris pallida and Iris variegata. It is sometimes cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris revoluta is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from a small area in Salento, Italy. It has (sword-shaped) or falcate (sickle-shaped) glaucous leaves, tall slender stem with several short branches and 2–4 fragrant flowers in dark violet, purple, violet and pale violet. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris schachtii is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from central Anatolia, in Turkey. It has small, thin grey-green leaves, a short stem with 1–3 branches, which are normally, covered with a green leaf with purple staining. It has 2 or more fragrant flowers in late spring, which come in shades of yellow or purple, or violet and yellow,. It has a yellow or white with yellow-tips beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, but prefers regions with dry, hot summers.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris taochia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains and Turkey. It forms dense clumps, with grey-green leaves, simple stems of similar height, with 1–3 branches, a flowers in various shades from white, yellow to purple. They also have yellowish or white, tipped yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris timofejewii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, and also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountain slopes of the Caucasus and Dagestan. It has narrow, evergreen, falcate (sickle-shaped), grey-green (glaucous) leaves, and a short flowering stem just taller than the leaves. Each stem has 1–2 flowers in shades of violet, with white beards that have purple tips. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Franco, Alain (24 December 2014). "(SPEC) Iris setina Colas". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kramb, D. (5 September 2004). "Iris setina". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  4. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   0881927309.
  5. 1 2 3 Colasante, M.; Vosa, C.G. (2000). "Iris:Allocyclic segments as Chromosome markers?". Annali di Botanica. 58: 127–134. Retrieved 28 October 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Iridaceae Iris setina Colas". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  7. ↑ Peruzzi, Lorenzo; Domina, Gianniantonio; Bartolucci, Fabrizio; Galasso, Gabriele; Peccenini, Simonetta; Raimondo, Francesco M.; Albano, Antonella; Alessandrini, Alessandro; Banfi, Enrico; Barberis, Giuseppina; Bernardo, Liliana; Bovio, Maurizio; Brullo, Salvatore; Brundu, Giuseppe; Brunu, Antonello; Camarda, Ignazio; Carta, Luisa; Conti, Fabio; Croce, Antonio; Iamonico, Duilio; Iberite, Mauro; Iiriti, Gianluca; Longo, Daniela; Marsili, Stefano; Medagli, Pietro; Pistarino, Annalaura; Salmeri, Cristina; Santangelo, Annalisa; Scassellati, Elisabetta; Selvi, Federico; Soldano, Adriano; Stinca, Adriano; Villani, Mariacristina; Wagensommer, Robert P.; Passalacqua, Nicodemo G. (30 January 2015). "An inventory of the names of vascular plants endemic to Italy, their loci classici and types". Phytotaxa. 196 (1). Magnolia Press: 107. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.196.1.1 . hdl: 10447/196152 .
  8. ↑ Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; Holland, Marian. "SETIA (Sezze) Italy". perseus.tfts.edu (The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites). Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  9. ↑ "Ricci, Ignazio (1922–1986)". ipni.org. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  10. ↑ "Iris setina". eol.org. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  11. ↑ "Iris setina Colas". catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  12. ↑ "Search". iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  14. ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books

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