Iris setina

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Iris setina
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Species:
I. setina
Binomial name
Iris setina

Iris setina, the iris of Sezze , is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from a small region in Italy.It has glaucous sword-like leaves, slender branched stem, and one or two violet toned flowers. It is not yet cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

It is similar in form to Iris germanica . [1]

It has evergreen, glaucous and smooth leaves. Most are ensiform (sword-like) but a few were falcate (sickle-shaped). They can grow up to 40 cm (16 in) long and between 3 cm wide. Although, the leaves at the stem base are smaller. [1]

It has a slender stem or peduncle, that can grow up to between 11–50 cm (4–20 in) tall. [1] [2] [3] They normally have 2 branches, [3] the lowest branch is about 11–14 cm (4–6 in) long. The branches have one small, narrow stem leaf, around 7–10 cm (3–4 in) long. [1]

The upper branch has a slightly inflated spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are slightly violet stained or marked. [1]

The stems (and branches) hold between 1–2 terminal flowers, blooming between February and early March. [1]

The flowers come in shades of violet, [3] or violet-purple. [2] Like other irises, it has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'. [4] : 17  Some flowers are bi-toned, [3] with the falls darker than standards. [1]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule, which has not yet been described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [4] : 18 

In 1993, Colasante & Saur (in Linzer biol. Beitr. Vol.25, Issue2 on page 1189) stated that Iris setina could be regarded as an allopolyploid and theorise that it may have derived from other bearded dwarf species such as Iris pseudopumila Tineo and Iris pallida Lam. [1]

It also has a chromosome count of 2n=40, [1] [2] [3] which is the same as Iris bicapitata , Iris relicta , Iris lutescens and Iris revoluta . [5]

Taxonomy

The Latin specific epithet setina refers to 'Setia', [6] [7] which is an old form of Sezze, [8] a town in the region of Latium (which is now Lazio, one of the administrative regions of Italy). [1]

In 1958, Professor Ignazio Ricci (1922–1986), [9] found the iris on Monte Trevi (near the town of Sezze) in Latium, south of Rome. He then reported and published the discovery in 'Annali Botanica' (Roma) Vol.26 (Issue 1) on pages 43–49, as being different to forms of Iris germanica L. [1]

Then on 15 February 1974, more specimens of the iris were found on the Monte Trevi and then sent to Maretta Colasante, who named the iris as Iris setina and then described and published it in Giornale Botanico Italiano (Giorn. Bot. Ital.) Vol.120 (1–2) Supplement 1 on page 112. on 30 September 1989. [1] [6]

It was then published in Bulletin of the American Iris Society Vol.292 on pages 82–85 on January 1994. [1]

It is listed in the Encyclopedia of Life, [10] and is listed on the Catalogue of Life, [11] but has not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List as of October 2015. [12]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to Europe. [6]

Range

It is found near the town of Sezze, [1] [2] [5] within the region of Latina, [5] in Italy. [3] [6]

Propagation

Irises can generally be propagated by division, [13] or by seed growing.

Toxicity

Like many other irises, most parts of the plant are poisonous (rhizome and leaves), and if mistakenly ingested can cause stomach pains and vomiting. Handling the plant may cause skin irritation or an allergic reaction. [14]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Iris florentina</i> Variety of plant

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<i>Iris marsica</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris mesopotamica</i> Species of plant

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<i>Iris pallida <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cengialti</i> Species of plant

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Iris revoluta is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from a small area in Salento, Italy. It has (sword-shaped) or falcate (sickle-shaped) glaucous leaves, tall slender stem with several short branches and 2–4 fragrant flowers in dark violet, purple, violet and pale violet. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

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Iris taochia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains and Turkey. It forms dense clumps, with grey-green leaves, simple stems of similar height, with 1–3 branches, a flowers in various shades from white, yellow to purple. They also have yellowish or white, tipped yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris timofejewii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, and also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountain slopes of the Caucasus and Dagestan. It has narrow, evergreen, falcate (sickle-shaped), grey-green (glaucous) leaves, and a short flowering stem just taller than the leaves. Each stem has 1–2 flowers in shades of violet, with white beards that have purple tips. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Franco, Alain (24 December 2014). "(SPEC) Iris setina Colas". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kramb, D. (5 September 2004). "Iris setina". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  4. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN   0881927309.
  5. 1 2 3 Colasante, M.; Vosa, C.G. (2000). "Iris:Allocyclic segments as Chromosome markers?". Annali di Botanica. 58: 127–134. Retrieved 28 October 2015.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Iridaceae Iris setina Colas". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  7. ↑ Peruzzi, Lorenzo; Domina, Gianniantonio; Bartolucci, Fabrizio; Galasso, Gabriele; Peccenini, Simonetta; Raimondo, Francesco M.; Albano, Antonella; Alessandrini, Alessandro; Banfi, Enrico; Barberis, Giuseppina; Bernardo, Liliana; Bovio, Maurizio; Brullo, Salvatore; Brundu, Giuseppe; Brunu, Antonello; Camarda, Ignazio; Carta, Luisa; Conti, Fabio; Croce, Antonio; Iamonico, Duilio; Iberite, Mauro; Iiriti, Gianluca; Longo, Daniela; Marsili, Stefano; Medagli, Pietro; Pistarino, Annalaura; Salmeri, Cristina; Santangelo, Annalisa; Scassellati, Elisabetta; Selvi, Federico; Soldano, Adriano; Stinca, Adriano; Villani, Mariacristina; Wagensommer, Robert P.; Passalacqua, Nicodemo G. (30 January 2015). "An inventory of the names of vascular plants endemic to Italy, their loci classici and types". Phytotaxa. Magnolia Press. 196 (1): 107. doi: 10.11646/phytotaxa.196.1.1 .
  8. ↑ Stillwell, Richard; MacDonald, William L.; Holland, Marian. "SETIA (Sezze) Italy". perseus.tfts.edu (The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites). Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  9. ↑ "Ricci, Ignazio (1922–1986)". ipni.org. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
  10. ↑ "Iris setina". eol.org. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  11. ↑ "Iris setina Colas". catalogueoflife.org. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
  12. ↑ "Search". iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  13. ↑ "How to divide iris rhizomes". gardenersworld.com. Retrieved 12 October 2015.
  14. ↑ David G Spoerke and Susan C. Smolinske Toxicity of Houseplants , p. 236, at Google Books

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