Iris spuria subsp. demetrii

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Iris spuria subsp. demetrii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. spuria
Subspecies:
I. s. subsp. demetrii
Trinomial name
Iris spuria subsp. demetrii
Synonyms   [1]
  • Chamaeiris prilipkoana(Kem.-Nath.) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris demetriiAchv. & Mirzoeva
  • Iris prilipkoanaKem.-Nath.
  • Xyridion demetrii(Achv. & Mirzoeva) Rodion.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria , a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

The iris is very similar in form to Iris notha , another spuria Iris from the Caucasus region. [2] [3] Both dislike wet soils. [3]

It has a rhizome which has not been generally described.

It has stiff, dark green leaves that can grow up to between 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long. [3] [4] They are narrower than Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae, [3] (10–18 mm wide).

It has a stiff stem, [5] that can grow up to between 60–90 cm (24–35 in) long. [6] [7] [8]

It has dark green, compact, slightly inflated, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [3] [5]

The stems hold between 2–5 terminal (top of stem) flowers, [3] [4] in late spring. [7]

The flowers come in shades of blue, [5] from dark blue, [3] to blue-violet. [6] [9] [10]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [11] The narrow falls have blade that is the shorter than the claw (section of petal closest to the stem). [3] [10] The petals are veined with darker colours or white. [2] [6] [9]

The capsules and seeds produced by the plant after flowering, have not been generally described.

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [11] It has a chromosome count: 2n=38. [9] [12] [13]

It was counted as 2n=38, by O.I. Zakharyeva and L.M. Makushenko in 1969. [13]

Taxonomy

It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. [14] [15] [16]

It is known as Iris Demetriou in Czechoslovakia. [2]

It is unknown what the Latin specific epithet demetrii refers to, but an insect (beetle) Chioneosoma demetrii, also shares the same epithet. [17]

It was originally published and described by Agazi Asaturovich Achverdov and Nina Vasilevna Mirzoeva as Iris demetrii in Transactions of Bot. Inst. Acad. Sci. Armenia SSR (Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk Armyansk) Vol. 7 page 27, in 1950. [4] [18] It was named in 1950 (identical to Iris prilipkoana but not officially described). [3] Iris prilipkoana was later classified as a synonym of Iris spuria subsp. demetrii. [1]

Later, in 1981 Brian Mathew re-classified the species as a subspecies of Iris spuria, and published it as Iris spuria subsp. demetrii (Fomin ) B.Mathew, in (his book The Iris on page 117 in 1981. [19] [20]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003 and then updated on 1 March 2007. [21]

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a tentatively accepted name by the RHS. [22]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of Asia. [21]

Range

It is found in the Transcaucasia regions, [9] [12] [23] of Armenia, [9] [21] [23] and Azerbaijan. [15] [24] [25]

In Armenia, it is found in Zangezur. [24]

Habitat

Similar to Iris notha it grows on dry slopes, [5] on the foothills and mountains of Azerbaijan, [3] [6] and Armenia. [5]

It has been found at altitudes of 2000 m above sea level. [24]

Conservation

Due to the wide distribution of the species within Armenia, has helped protect the plants survive various threats, including being picked for flower bouquets. [23]

It was listed in the 1st edition of the Red Data Book of Armenia, under Iris prilipkoana (a synonym of Iris spuria subsp. demetrii) as 'Near Threatened' (NT). [12] [23] [25] It was also listed in the Azerbaijan Red Data Book. [15]

It is not included in the Annexes of CITES and the Bern Convention. [23]

Cultivation

It prefers to grow in rich, well-drained soil. [3] [8] Including clay soils. [3] It dislikes wet soils. [3]

It also prefers positions in full sun or part shade. [7]

It can be susceptible to mustard-seed fungus. [3]

Hybrids and cultivars

Due to its habit of liking dry soils, it is of interest to iris plant breeders. [5]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris spuria</i> Species of plant

Iris spuria, or blue flag, is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elongated leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several subspecies; Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. demetrii B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn. and Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. It used to have 3 other subspecies, which have now been re-classified as separate species; Iris spuria subsp. halophila, Iris spuria ssp. sogdiana and Iris spuria subsp. notha . It has many common names including 'blue iris', 'spurious iris' and 'bastard iris'.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Spuriae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

<i>Iris orientalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris orientalis is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey and Greece, with white flowers with a yellow mark or blotch. It was also known as Iris ochroleuca for a long time. It is commonly known as yellow banded iris in the U.S. and Turkish iris in the UK but also has some other less common names. It is very hardy and has been known to naturalize in various countries. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris notha</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris notha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial with deep blue or violet flowers from the Caucasus region. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was once Iris spuria subsp. notha, and can often be found under that name. It has the common name of fake iris or mimic iris in Russia.

Iris pseudonotha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with lilac and yellow flowers. It is commonly known as Lozhnonenastoyaschy Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris xanthospuria is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey with yellow flowers. It was originally known as 'Turkey yellow'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, originally from Romania with violet and white flowers. It was once thought to be a subspecies of Iris sintenisii, but now classified as a separate species. It is also called Iris Brandzy or Prodan Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> carthaliniae</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, it is a tall iris with sky blue or white flowers. It was originally described by Fomin, as a separate species before Brian Mathew in 1981, added it to Iris spuria as one of its many subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> maritima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. maritima is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a beardless, rhizomatous perennial plant, from coastal regions Europe and north Africa with deep blue-violet flowers.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris bloudowii is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris dolichosiphon is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Pseudoregelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from China and Bhutan. It has long, thin dark green leaves, very short stem, and dark blue, purple, or violet flowers. That are mottled with white. It has thick white/orange beards. It has one subspecies, Iris dolichosiphon subsp. orientalis, from China, India and Burma. It has similar flowers. They are cultivated as ornamental plants in temperate regions

<i>Iris pallida <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cengialti</i> Species of plant

Iris pallida subsp. cengialti is a subspecies in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Italy and Slovenia. It has yellowish-green, glaucous, lanceolate or ensiform leaves, tall stem, green flushed with purple spathes, 2 short branches, 2–3 scented flowers, in shades of violet, blue-violet, deep purple, blue-purple, deep blue-purple, pale purple, deep blue, to mid-blue. It has a yellow or orange tipped beard. It was originally published as Iris cengialti but then re-classified as a subspecies of Iris pallida, and known as Iris pallida subsp. cengialti, but it is often still called Iris cengialti. It is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris taochia is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains and Turkey. It forms dense clumps, with grey-green leaves, simple stems of similar height, with 1–3 branches, a flowers in various shades from white, yellow to purple. They also have yellowish or white, tipped yellow beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

<i>Iris barnumiae</i> Species of plant

Iris barnumiae is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. It has pale glaucous green and narrow leaves, that are slightly sickle-shaped and fade soon after blooming. It has, in mid- to late spring, fragrant flowers in shades of purple, from red-purple, mulberry to purplish-violet, with a yellow tipped with purple beard. It was renamed as I. barnumiae in after a plant naming conference in 2011, but is still sometimes named as I. barnumae in some sources. It has one accepted subspecies Iris barnumiae subsp. demawendica and two forms; Iris barnumiae f. protonyma (Stapf) B.Mathew & Wendelbo and Iris barnumiae f. urmiensis (Hoog) B.Mathew & Wendelbo, which has yellow flowers. Sometimes I. barnumiae f. barnumiae is used to describe the basic form. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, due to its needing very dry and warm summer conditions.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 Blazek, Milan. "Iris spuria and related species – the importance of culture". ibotky.cz. Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation , p. 187, at Google Books
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  13. 1 2 "CCDB → Angiosperms → Iridaceae → Iris → Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva". ccdb.tau.ac.il. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  14. ↑ "8. Prospects of Hybridization Siberian and Spur Iris". rfc-online.ru. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  15. 1 2 3 "The Red Book (2nd edition) has been included in the list of plant and fungal species". eco.gov.az. Archived from the original on 7 March 2015. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  16. ↑ "Iris". phart.ru. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  17. ↑ Ivan Löbl and Daniel Löbl (editors) Scarabaeoidea – Scirtoidea – Dascilloidea – Buprestoidea – Byrrhoidea ... , p. 259, at Google Books
  18. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 6 March 2015.
  19. ↑ "Iridaceae Iris spuria L. subsp. demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew". ipni.org. Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  20. ↑ Franco, Alain (5 December 2013). "(SPEC) Iris spuria subspecies demetrii (Achv. & Mirzoeva) B.Mathew Iris 117 (1981)". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 16 February 2015.
  21. 1 2 3 "Iris spuria subsp. demetrii". Germplasm Resources Information Network . Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture . Retrieved 27 February 2015.
  22. ↑ "Search the RHS Horticultural Database". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 "Iris demetrii Achv. & Mirzoeva". mnp.am. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
  24. 1 2 3 "Iris prilipkoana Kem.-Nath. (Family Iridaceae ) Prilipko Iris (Iris Dmitry)". plantarium.ru. 3 July 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2015.
  25. 1 2 "The Red Book of plants of Armenia, para. 2". vahemart.livejournal.com. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

Sources

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