Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae

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Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae
Iris carthaliniae (10).jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Species:
I. spuria
Subspecies:
I. s. subsp. carthaliniae
Trinomial name
Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae
Synonyms   [1]
  • Chamaeiris carthaliniae(Fomin) M.B.Crespo
  • Chamaeiris violacea(Klatt) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris carthaliniaeFomin
  • Iris klattiiKem.-Nath.
  • Iris violaceaKlatt ( nom. illeg. )
  • Xyridion carthaliniae(Fomin) Rodion.
  • Xyridion violaceumKlatt

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a species in the genus Iris . It is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in the series Spuriae . It is a subspecies of Iris spuria , a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, it is a tall iris with sky blue or white flowers. It was originally described by Fomin, as a separate species before Brian Mathew in 1981, added it to Iris spuria as one of its many subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Contents

Description

It has a thick, creeping, horizontal, branched rhizome. [2] [3] [4] The creeping habit creates large clumps of plants. [5] [6] [7] It has linear, flat, [2] lanceolate, acuminate (ending in a point), leaves. [3] [8] [9] These can grow up to between 70–95 cm (28–37 in) long and 10–18 mm wide. [9] [10] [11] The leaves are generally either equal to the flowering stem or longer than it. [12] [13] [14]

It has a sightly compressed, [4] stem (or peduncle), that grows up to between 50–100 cm (20–39 in) long. [15] [16] [17] It has small, green, leathery ovate or lanceolate, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [3] [4] [12] They have a white membranous edging. [3] [4] The stems hold between 3–5 terminal (top of stem) flowers, [9] [11] [12] on unequal pedicels, [4] in summer, [14] between June and July, [2] [4] [8] or between May and June (in the US and Britain). [5] [12]

The lightly fragranced flowers, [6] can be up to 7–9 cm (3–4 in) in diameter, [5] [8] and come in shades of sky blue, [18] [19] [20] light blue, [6] [8] [9] or white. [17] [19] [20] It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [21] The long and narrow falls have a reflexed, elliptical, almost round blade, with a yellow central stripe or blaze, [3] [4] [11] which leads along the long thin claw (section closest to the stem). [4] They also have dark veining. [11] [12] [16] They are 5–7.5 cm (2–3 in) long. [3] [6] The erect, upright standards, are slightly ruffled, oblanceolate and single coloured. [4] [6] [12] Over the falls, are the style branches, which are slightly shorter than the claw of falls. [3] [4] [12] They have a 2 lobed end (or notched end), [3] [4] and a defined crest or ridge leading to the stem. [3] They have a cylindrical perianth tube (which about two-fifths the length of ovary), [4] light purple anthers and a cylindrical ovary with 6 ribs. [3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces an ovaloid (or ellipsoid), cylindrical, [4] seed capsule between late August and early September. [8] It is 2–3 times longer than wide, [8] it has a beak-like appendage. [4] Inside the capsule, are brown, semi-circular seeds, with wrinkled skins. [8]

Biochemistry

In 1999, a chemical compound study was carried out on the rhizomes of Iris spuria subsp. carthalinae. It found several new compounds. [22] Iristectorigenin B 7-gentiobioside (also found in Juniperus macropoda ) was found in the iris. [23] As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [24] It has a chromosome count: 2n=44. [15] [17] [25]

Taxonomy

Plant with stem, flower and leaves Iris carthaliniae (2).jpg
Plant with stem, flower and leaves

It is written as 埃及种植鸢尾 in Chinese script and known as Ai Ji Zhong Zhi Yuan Wei in Pinyin Chinese, also known commonly as Egypt Planted Iris. [26]

The Latin specific epithet carthaliniae refers to a Carthalin (a former Russian province in the Caucasus). [27] This epithet has also been used for Paeonia carthalinica Ketsk. (which is now classified as a synonym of Paeonia tenuifolia L. [28] ) It is also known as Iris Kartalinia in Russia, [10] [29] [30] or Iris Kartli (in Georgia). [31] Kartli refers to an historical region in central-to-eastern Georgia. It has also been known as blue iris. [32] This name is normally a common name for Iris spuria.

It was originally published and described by Aleksandr Vasiljevich Fomin as Iris carthaliniae in 'Vĕstnik Tiflisskago Botaniceskago Sada. Moniteur du Jardin Botanique de Tiflis' (Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada) Vol.14 page44 in 1909. [11] [33] The description was based on specimens collected in Georgia near the town of Mtskheta, [8] [9] within the Caucasus Mountains near the city of Tbilisi. [25] Later, in 1981 Brian Mathew re-classified the species as a subspecies of Iris spuria, and published it as Iris spuria L. subsp. carthaliniae (Fomin) B.Mathew, in (his book The Iris on page 117 in 1981. [34] [35]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003 and then updated on 1 March 2007. [36] Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a tentatively accepted name by the RHS. [37]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to temperate regions of central Asia. [15] [17] [36]

Range

It has been found in the Caucasus region, [2] [13] [38] within (the former USSR state of) Georgia (or Gruzia), [18] [36] [38] Azerbaijan, [7] [39] and Armenia. [7] It is found along the middle and upper Kura River and of its tributaries. [7] [8] In 2003, it is noted that it has been found in Anatolia and the east Mediterranean area. [40]

Habitat

It grows in wet or moist sites, [4] [38] in marshy or wet meadows, [7] [8] woodland, [3] and beside the coastal parts of roads. [2] It is found on lowland or the middle mountain belt altitudes. [3] [38]

Conservation

It is listed as one of the endangered plants in the Republic of Georgia. [38]

Cultivation

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is hardy to between USDA Zone 5 to Zone 9, [5] including New England. [6] It is hardy to Europe Zone H2. [14] It is also hardy in Leningrad, Russia, surviving the winter unprotected. [7] [18] It can grow in ordinary, deep heavy loam in gardens, provided that it has plenty of moisture during the growing season. [12] It prefers positions in full sun. [5] It can be grown in flower beds and borders (with peonies and other herbaceous plants), [12] or along pond edges. [2] [5] Like many other spuria irises, it can be grown in the same place for many decades without disturbance. [18] It is only found in specialised iris plant nurseries. [15] A specimen exists in the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, France. It was collected on 15 May 1930 in the Shirvan steppe of Azerbaijan. [39] Type in Berlin. [4] In 2003, specimens are listed as being found in some botanic gardens and parks in Portugal. [40]

Hybrids and cultivars

Like Iris notha another Spuria species growing in the Caucasus, both are used by iris breeders. [7] [9] A known cultivar is 'Georgian Delicacy'. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris spuria</i> Species of plant

Iris spuria, or blue flag, is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elongated leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several subspecies; Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. demetrii B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn. and Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. It used to have 3 other subspecies, which have now been re-classified as separate species; Iris spuria subsp. halophila, Iris spuria ssp. sogdiana and Iris spuria subsp. notha . It has many common names including 'blue iris', 'spurious iris' and 'bastard iris'.

<i>Paeonia daurica</i> Species of flowering plant

Paeonia daurica is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the peony family. It has slender carrot-shaped roots, leaves mostly consisting of nine leaflets, with one flower per stem. The flower is subtended by none to two leafy bracts, and has two or three sepals, five to eight petals, and many stamens. The subspecies vary in the colour of the petals, the size and shape of the leaflets, and the hairiness of the leaflets and the carpels. Paeonia daurica can be found from the Balkans to Iran, and the Crimea to Lebanon, with the centre of its distribution in the Caucasus. It is also cultivated as an ornamental.

<i>Iris graminea</i> Species of iris

Iris graminea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the subgenus Limniris of the genus Iris, in particular the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with purple or violet blue flowers almost hidden by narrow, grass-like leaves, and a plum scented fragrance. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It has several common names, including grass-leaved flag, grass leaved iris, plum iris and plum tart iris. This species naturally occurs in the southern half of Europe, from Spain and France in the West to Russia and the Caucasus in the East.

<i>Iris winogradowii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris winogradowii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, classified in the subgenus Hermodactyloides and section Reticulatae. It is a bulbous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Azerbaijan and Georgia.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Spuriae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

Iris ludwigii, with the common name Ludwig iris, is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant with violet-blue flowers. It is native to the Altai Mountains in Central Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan meet. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris orientalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris orientalis is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey and Greece, with white flowers with a yellow mark or blotch. It was also known as Iris ochroleuca for a long time. It is commonly known as yellow banded iris in the U.S. and Turkish iris in the UK but also has some other less common names. It is very hardy and has been known to naturalize in various countries. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris notha</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris notha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial with deep blue or violet flowers from the Caucasus region. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was once Iris spuria subsp. notha, and can often be found under that name. It has the common name of fake iris or mimic iris in Russia.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris. It is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, originally from Romania with violet and white flowers. It was once thought to be a subspecies of Iris sintenisii, but now classified as a separate species. It is also called Iris Brandzy or Prodan Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> maritima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. maritima is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a beardless, rhizomatous perennial plant, from coastal regions Europe and north Africa with deep blue-violet flowers.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris pallida <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> cengialti</i> Species of plant

Iris pallida subsp. cengialti is a subspecies in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Italy and Slovenia. It has yellowish-green, glaucous, lanceolate or ensiform leaves, tall stem, green flushed with purple spathes, 2 short branches, 2–3 scented flowers, in shades of violet, blue-violet, deep purple, blue-purple, deep blue-purple, pale purple, deep blue, to mid-blue. It has a yellow or orange tipped beard. It was originally published as Iris cengialti but then re-classified as a subspecies of Iris pallida, and known as Iris pallida subsp. cengialti, but it is often still called Iris cengialti. It is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris subbiflora</i> Species of plant

Iris subbiflora is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Portugal and Spain in Europe. It has evergreen broad leaves, forming dense clumps, it has dwarf stems in late spring,, with 1 upright fragrant flower, in shades of purple, light red purple, grey-blue, blue-violet, or dark violet. It has a beard which is generally blue, purple, or violet, but can fade to white, dull yellow, or dark yellow. After being found in 1804, it was once a separate species until the late 70s, when it was reclassified as subspecies of Iris lutescens, and renamed Iris lutescens subsp. subbiflora. But in the 80s it was returned to an independent species but some authors and references still class the species as a synonym or subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris timofejewii is a species of flowering plant in the genus Iris, and also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountain slopes of the Caucasus and Dagestan. It has narrow, evergreen, falcate (sickle-shaped), grey-green (glaucous) leaves, and a short flowering stem just taller than the leaves. Each stem has 1–2 flowers in shades of violet, with white beards that have purple tips. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

<i>Iris iberica</i> Species of plant

Iris iberica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains of Armenia, eastern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan. It has narrow, glaucous, gray-green and sickle shaped leaves, short stem holding a single flower in late spring. Which has a pale background covered with heavy veining in pale mauve, violet, dark purple, maroon or purple-brown. It has a black or dark purple signal patch and a brown or purple-brown beard. Although, it has many hybrid forms dues to its variability and has 2 known subspecies of Iris iberica subsp. elegantissima and Iris iberica subsp. lycotis. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, as it is hardier than other Oncocyclus species.

References

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