Iris notha

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Iris notha
IMG 7902-Iris spuria ssp notha.jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Limniris
Section: Iris sect. Limniris
Series: Iris ser. Spuriae
Species:
I. notha
Binomial name
Iris notha
Synonyms [1]
  • Chamaeiris notha (M.Bieb.) M.B.Crespo
  • Iris gueldenstadtiana var. notha(M.Bieb.) Regel
  • Iris spuria var. notha(M.Bieb.) Baker
  • Iris spuria subsp. notha(M.Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn.
  • Iris spuria var. nothaR. R. Stewart
  • Xiphion nothum(M.Bieb.) Alef.
  • Xyridion nothum(M.Bieb.) Klatt

Iris notha is a species in the genus Iris , it is also in the subgenus Limniris and series Spuriae . It is a rhizomatous perennial with deep blue or violet flowers from the Caucasus region. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was once Iris spuria subsp. notha, and can often be found under that name. It has the common name of fake iris or mimic iris in Russia.

Contents

Description

It has a stout, thick rhizome, [2] [3] that is between 8–20 mm thick. [4] [5] The roots are sometimes described as adventitious (in an unusual place). [3]

It has linear, smooth, acuminate (tapering to a long point) 65–95 cm (26–37 in) long and 6–18 mm wide leaves. [2] [3] [6] The leaves can be as long or longer than the peduncle. [4]

It has un-branched erect, stem, growing up to 30–90 cm (12–35 in) tall. [7] [8] [9]

It has dark green, linear, lanceolate, acuminate, spathes (leaves of the flower bud). [2] [10]

It has unequal pedicels (stem of a single flower). [2]

The stems hold 3–5 terminal (top of stem) flowers, [3] [7] [11] between May and July. [2] [6] [12]

It has un-fragranced, [4] flowers that are up to 15 cm (6 in) in diameter, [2] that are violet-blue, [7] [9] [11] and bright blue. [6] [8] [9]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'. [13] The falls are deflexed, elliptic or ovate and narrowed at the claw (section near the stem). [2] [3] [6] It has a yellow central stripe (or blaze). [7] [8] [11] The standards are erect, oblong and narrowed at the stem. [2] [6]

It has a 20mm long perianth tube. [2] [3]

It has slightly recurved, style branches, [2] that are in the same shades of colour as the petals.

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule in August. [12] It is 6 angled, has a beak-like appendage, [2] and woolly-ribbed. [3]

Inside the capsule, are light brown, rugose (wrinkled), semi-circular and flattened seeds. [2] [3] [4]

Genetics

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes. This can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings. [13] It has a chromosome count: 2n=38. It has been counted several times, 38 in 1969 by O.I. Zakharyeva and L.M. Makushenko, 44 in 1970 by AK Sharma and 42 in 1978 by V Karihaloo. [14]

Taxonomy

Hand-coloured lithograph by G. Severeyns, of (Iris spuria subsp. notha) - Iris notha and (Ehrendorferia chrysantha) - Dicentra chrysantha. Published in 'La Belgique horticole, journal des jardins et des vergers' of 1853 Iris spuria subs notha and Dicentra chrysantha.jpg
Hand-coloured lithograph by G. Severeyns, of (Iris spuria subsp. notha) – Iris notha and (Ehrendorferia chrysantha) – Dicentra chrysantha. Published in 'La Belgique horticole, journal des jardins et des vergers' of 1853

It has the common names of fake iris, [4] [12] [15] and mimic iris. [16]

The Latin specific epithet notha refers to the former name[ clarification needed ] of the city of Ararat in Armenia. [2]

It was published as Iris notha by Friedrich August Marschall von Bieberstein in 'Flora Taurico Caucasica. Vol.3 page45 in 1819. [2] [6]

It was the originally published and described by Bieberstein in 'Centuria Plantarum Rariorum Rossiae Meridionalis' (Cent. Pl. Ross. Merid.) Vol.3 page77 in 1843. [1]

It was also published by Boiss. in Flora Orientalis (Fl. Or.) Vol.5 page128 in 1884. [6]

It was then published as Iris spuria subsp. notha (M. Bieb.) Aschers. & Graebn. in Synops. Mitteleur Flora. Vol.3 page496 in 1905. [6] [17] Then by B. Mathew in his book Iris page118 in 1981. [6]

It was then published as Iris notha by Köhlein in his book Iris page 169 in 1987. [6]

It was verified as Iris spuria subsp. notha (M.Bieb.) Asch. & Graebn. by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 9 January 2003. [17]

Iris spuria subsp. notha is currently in February 2015, an accepted name by the RHS. [18]

Distribution and habitat

Iris notha is native of temperate regions of Asia. [17]

Range

It is found in the Caucasus [2] [6] [7] (both North [5] [16] [17] and South, [6] Caucasus). Within Russia, it is found on the hills in the Stavropol Krai, [10] Dagestan, [3] [12] [19] Krasnodar Krai, [3] [12] [16] Chechnya and Ingushetia, [3] [5] [12] Kabardino-Balkaria, [9] and North Ossetia. [12] [16]

One reference (Köhlein) refers to Kashmir. [6]

Habitat

Iris notha grows on steppe meadows, [5] [15] on the southern slopes of the dry scrub lands, in woodlands [4] [19] and on the slopes of the hills and foothills, and valleys. [3] [9] [19]

It grows at altitudes around 3000m above sea level. [5]

Conservation

This is a scarce species with a fragmented population. [16]

Since, 1986 it has been listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (the soviet version of the IUCN Red List), within several republics (such as Kalmykia, Krasnodar, Stavropol and the Azov region). [12] [16] It is located in the ecological-recreational region of Kavkazskie Mineralnye Vody, which is under special protection. [16]

It is threatened due to the flowers being picked for bouquets and uncontrolled livestock grazing. [5]

Cultivation

It is hardy to H2. [8] It winters without shelter in various places within Russia. [15] [20]

It was introduced to Britain in 1820. [11]

It was first grown in St. Petersburg Imperial Botanical Garden in 1841. [15]

It is cultivated in many botanical gardens of the USSR, [19] including, Moscow, Syktyvkar, Michurinsk, Samara, Stavropol, Nalchik, Dnepropetrovsk, Uzhgorod and St. Petersburg. [15] [20]

It is suitable to be grown in parks in dry conditions. [20] It is tolerant of acid soils. [5]

Propagation

It can also be propagated by division or by seed growing. [3] [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Iris spuria</i> Species of plant

Iris spuria is a species of the genus Iris, part of the subgenus Limniris and the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Europe, Asia and Africa. It has purple or lilac flowers, and slender, elongated leaves. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions and hybridized for use in the garden. It has several subspecies; Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. demetrii B.Mathew, Iris spuria subsp. maritima (Dykes) P.Fourn. and Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica (Fomin) Takht. It used to have 3 other subspecies, which have now been re-classified as separate species; Iris spuria subsp. halophila, Iris spuria ssp. sogdiana and Iris spuria subsp. notha . It has many common names including 'blue iris', 'spurious iris' and 'bastard iris'.

<i>Iris graminea</i> Species of iris

Iris graminea is a species of flowering plant belonging to the subgenus Limniris of the genus Iris, in particular the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial, with purple or violet blue flowers almost hidden by narrow, grass-like leaves, and a plum scented fragrance. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It has several common names, including grass-leaved flag, grass leaved iris, plum iris and plum tart iris. This species naturally occurs in the southern half of Europe, from Spain and France in the West to Russia and the Caucasus in the East.

<i>Iris <span style="font-style:normal;">ser.</span> Spuriae</i> Group of flowering plants

Iris series Spuriae are a series of the genus Iris, in Iris subg. Limniris. They are sometimes commonly known as butterfly irises.

<i>Iris halophila</i> Species of plant

Iris halophila is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with yellow, white or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It comes from a wide range from eastern Europe to China in Asia. It was known for a long while as a subspecies of Iris spuria, before being treated as a separate species in its own right.

<i>Iris orientalis</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris orientalis is a species in the genus Iris; it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey and Greece, with white flowers with a yellow mark or blotch. It was also known as Iris ochroleuca for a long time. It is commonly known as yellow banded iris in the U.S. and Turkish iris in the UK but also has some other less common names. It is very hardy and has been known to naturalize in various countries. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris halophila var. sogdiana is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a variety of Iris halophila. It was once a species in its own right as Iris sogdiana, before being re-classified as a synonym of Iris halophila, but it has been re-classed again as a variant of Iris halophila. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, with blue-violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris pontica</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris pontica is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a dwarf rhizomatous perennial plant from eastern Europe, the Causcasus region and Russia, with a short stem and violet-blue and white flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris pseudonotha is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with lilac and yellow flowers. It is commonly known as Lozhnonenastoyaschy Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris sintenisii</i> Species of flowering plant

Iris sintenisii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae, with tall thin stems, violet-blue flowers and long grass-like leaves. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from grass meadows parts of Europe, Russia, and Turkey. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, originally from Romania with violet and white flowers. It was once thought to be a subspecies of Iris sintenisii, but now classified as a separate species. It is also called Iris Brandzy or Prodan Iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> carthaliniae</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. carthaliniae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, it is a tall iris with sky blue or white flowers. It was originally described by Fomin, as a separate species before Brian Mathew in 1981, added it to Iris spuria as one of its many subspecies. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris spuria subsp. demetrii is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a rhizomatous perennial plant, from the Caucasus region, with blue-violet flowers. It is commonly known as Dimitry iris in Russia. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris spuria <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> maritima</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris spuria subsp. maritima is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus series known as Iris subg. Limniris and in the series Iris ser. Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria, a beardless, rhizomatous perennial plant, from coastal regions Europe and north Africa with deep blue-violet flowers.

Iris spuria subsp. musulmanica is a species of the genus Iris, part of a subgenus known as Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a subspecies of Iris spuria and is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Armenia, Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkey in Asia with flowers in various shades of blue, but there are rare white forms. They have a yellow centre and darker veining. It has the common name of 'Muslim iris'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris bloudowii is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and in the Psammiris section. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Russia, Siberia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China, with sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem and 2 bright or pale yellow flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

<i>Iris aphylla</i> Species of plant

Iris aphylla is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris, and in the section Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Asia to Europe. It is found in Azerbaijan, Russian Federation, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Albania, Former Yugoslavia, Italy, Romania and France. It has dark green or bright green, sword-shaped, long grass-like leaves, that die/fade away in the winter. It also has a slender stem, with several branches and green and purplish spathes. It has 3–5 large flowers, in shades of bright purple, purple, violet, dark blue, blue-violet and dark violet, which bloom between spring and early summer. Occasionally, they re-bloom in the autumn, before the seed capsule is formed. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There is one known subspecies Iris aphylla subsp. hungarica Hegi.

<i>Iris glaucescens</i> Species of plant

Iris glaucescens is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, found in Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia and China. It has blue-grey sickle-shaped leaves, slender stem, and spring flowers in blue-violet, pale violet, lilac-purple, to deep purple, to light bluish, and almost white shades. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It was merged with another similar iris in the region, and became a synonym of Iris scariosa, before being divided into two separate species again. Although some sources still call it a synonym of Iris scariosa.

<i>Iris furcata</i> Species of plant

Iris furcata, the forked iris, is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the Caucasus mountains, in the countries of Moldavia and the southern Ukraine. It has short, narrow, sword-shaped leaves. A slender stem, that branches beyond the midpoint, holding small purple, deep purple, blue-violet, light blue or violet flowers. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. It is often regarded as a synonym of Iris aphylla, but it has chromosomal and morphological differences, so it may considered to be a parent species instead.

<i>Iris acutiloba <span style="font-style:normal;">subsp.</span> lineolata</i> Subspecies of flowering plant

Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris. It is a subspecies of Iris acutiloba, and is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of Iran, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan and Azerbaijan. It has narrow, lanceolate, or falcate (sickle-shaped) leaves, which are grey-green and glaucous. It has a slender straight stem holding one terminal flower. The flowers, come in shades of white, cream, or creamy white and have veining that is purple or brown, or a mixture of both. It is heavily veined or streaked in purple or brown, with a dark purple-brown, spot on 3 of the outer petals and brown, dark purple, or black short beard. It is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions, unless grown in a greenhouse.

<i>Iris acutiloba</i> Species of plant

Iris acutiloba is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Iris and section Oncocyclus. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from the mountains of the Caucasus and found in Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Dagestan in the North Caucasus, and Iran. It is a dwarf species, with narrow, falcate or curved leaves, it has one flower in spring or early summer, that comes in shades from cream, creamy white, whitish, pale brown, light grey, to pale violet. It is heavily veined or streaked and pointed, with 2 dark spots and brown, purple, dark purple, or black short beard. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions. There are two subspecies, Iris acutiloba subsp. lineolata and Iris acutiloba subsp. longitepala.

References

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  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV" . Retrieved 9 October 2014.
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  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris spuria subsp. notha in the Red Data Book of the Chechen Republic". oopt.aari.ru. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Pakistan V. 202". efloras.org (Flora of Pakistan). Retrieved 12 February 2015.
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  8. 1 2 3 4 Stuart Max Walters (editor) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 348, at Google Books
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  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Shmaraeva, A.N.; Shishlova, J.N.; Fedyaeva, V.V. (December 2014). "Fake iris (Iris notha Bieb.) In the Azov district of Rostov region". Living and Biokosnye System. 8 (10). Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  13. 1 2 Austin, Claire (2005). Irises: A Gardener's Encyclopedia. Timber Press, Incorporated. ISBN   978-0881927306. OL   8176432M.}
  14. ↑ "6 chromosome counts in Iris notha M. Bieb". ccdb.tau.ac.il. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 "The exhibition "Iris Russia"". flower-iris.ru. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Iris spuria ssp. notha". iucnredlist.org. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  17. 1 2 3 4 "Iris spuria subsp. notha". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  18. ↑ "Iris spuria subsp. notha". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  19. 1 2 3 4 Rodionenko, G. I. "Iris (Iris) fake (Iris notha)". calc.ru. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
  20. 1 2 3 "Iris (Iris) fake (Iris notha)". derevnyaonline.ru. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

Sources

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