Isabela oriole

Last updated

Isabela oriole
Isabela Oriole.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Oriolidae
Genus: Oriolus
Species:
O. isabellae
Binomial name
Oriolus isabellae
Isabele-Oriole-distribution.png
Known locations of sightings or collections

The Isabela oriole (Oriolus isabellae) is a species of the oriole family endemic to Luzon in the Philippines. It is an oriole identified by its yellowish green plumage and a very large gray bill. This species was presumed to be extinct for many years until its rediscovery in December 1993 near Diffun, Quirino, [2] and in Mansarong in September 1994. [3] Additional sightings were made in San Mariano, Isabela. and Baggao, Cagayan Valley [4] It It is found in moist lowland forest up to 440 masl. It is critically endangered with estimates of just 50 to 250 mature individuals remaining. It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.

Contents

Description and taxonomy

It is described on EBird as "A medium-sized bird of lowland forest, including secondary habitats and bamboo in northern Luzon. Yellow underparts blend into olive upperparts. Bill fairly long and silver. Forages for fruit and insects, sometimes in mixed-species flocks. Similar to White-lored Oriole, but slightly larger, with a silver rather than red bill and no white spot in front of the eye. Song consists of a medium-pitched, upslurred whistle, “hoowit!” [5] This species is monotypic.

The Isabela oriole is commonly confused with the much more common white-lored orioles and black-naped orioles. It is differentiated by its extremely large bill grey bill, uniform olive-yellow plumage and lack of white on its lores.

The Isabela oriole is most closely related to the white-lored oriole. Both species are closely related to the paraphyletic Philippine oriole. [6] The Isabela oriole is sometimes considered to form a superspecies with the dark-throated oriole and the Philippine oriole. [7] Alternate names for the Isabela oriole include the green-lored oriole and olive-lored oriole.

Ecology and behavior

Feeds mostly on fruit but also insects such as larvae and caterpillars. Typically seen alone, in pairs or small groups in the middle storey to the canopy. It is seen in mixed flocks with other birds such as bar-bellied cuckooshrikes, black-and-white trillers, blackish cuckooshrikes and other forest birds.

Breeding believed to occur during April to June. In 2022, the first record and photographs of a juvenile were released. [8]

Distribution and habitat

The Isabela oriole is now confined to the lowland forests in the Northern Sierra Madre mountain range in Luzon. [9] It is frequently seen in the canopy and middle storeys of forests and also forest edge or patches up to 440 masl.

It has not been recorded in Bataan province since 1947 despite an intensive search done in 2014. [1]

Conservation status

The Isabela oriole has a known population of about 50-250 mature individuals and is assessed as Critically Endangered based on its extremely small and fragmented population. [1] Organisations such as Buhay-Ilang, ORIS Project and the Mabuwaya Foundation are working to conserve them with educational programs and festivals celebrating this bird. The oriole is now a Flagship species for the North Sierra Madre National Park.

Since 2015, a research and conservation project for the Isabela Oriole has been implemented in Baggao by the Mabuwaya Foundation. Information, education and communication, community consultations are held in Baggao with the local government, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources and local residents. Plans are underway to declare the oriole site in Baggao a Critical Habitat and to encourage ecotourism. [10]

Under the Philippine law RA9147, it is completely illegal to hunt these birds or to capture and keep them as pets. [11] As it is crically endangered species on the Philippine Red List, any violations have harsher punishments including "imprisonment of a minimum of six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve (12) years and/or a fine of One hundred thousand pesos (100,000.00) to One million pesos (1,000,000.00), if inflicted or undertaken against species listed as critical"

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Green racket-tail</span> Species of bird

The green racket-tail is an endemic parrot of the Philippines where it is found on Luzon and Marinduque. This species was once common, but is rapidly declining and is currently classified as endangered due to lowland deforestation and capture for cage-bird trade. The population is now estimated to be just 1,000 - 2,499 mature individuals and is continuing to decline with many local extinctions in its former range.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luzon hornbill</span> Species of bird

The Luzon hornbill, sometimes called Luzon tarictic hornbill, is a species of hornbill in the family Bucerotidae. It is endemic to forests on Luzon and nearby islands in the northern Philippines. All five Philippine tarictics were once considered a single species. It is declining due to habitat destruction, hunting and the illegal wildlife trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous coucal</span> Species of bird

The rufous coucal is a species of cuckoo in the family Cuculidae. It is found in Luzon and proximate islands in the Philippines. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. Along with the Philippine coucal, Black-faced coucal and the critically endangered Black-hooded coucal, it is one of the 4 endemic coucals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cream-breasted fruit dove</span> Species of bird

The cream-breasted fruit dove or cream-bellied fruit dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is a large and primarily greenish dove with a distinctive red wing patch and cream coloured breast which it was named after. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on the islands of Luzon, Catanduanes and Polillo Islands. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland to montane forests of up to 1,300 masl. It is threatened by habitat loss, and trapping for the pet trade.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black shama</span> Species of bird

The Black shama is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the island of Cebu, Philippines where it is known locally as "Siloy".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blackish cuckooshrike</span> Species of bird

The blackish cuckooshrike or the blackish cicadabird or Luzon graybird, is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines on the islands of Luzon, Catanduanes, Marinduque and Cebu where it is presumed extinct. Some taxonomists place this species in the genus Analisoma.Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest where it is believed to be declining due to habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-bibbed cicadabird</span> Species of bird

The black-bibbed cicadabird or black-bibbed cuckooshrike is a species of bird in the family Campephagidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. The species is elusive and poorly known. This species has five subspecies that differ considerably in plummage, it is possible that this may actually be a species complex and consists of multiple species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Blue-breasted blue flycatcher</span> Species of bird

The blue-breasted blue flycatcher, also known as the blue-breasted flycatcher, is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only north and central parts of Luzon. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests. The Rufous-breasted blue flycatcher was formerly considered to be a subspecies.

The furtive flycatcher is a species of bird in the family Muscicapidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only on the island of Luzon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Celestial monarch</span> Species of bird

The celestial monarch is a species of bird in the family Monarchidae, and one of the most attractive of all the monarch flycatchers. It is identified as a turquoise blue bird with a long and spectacular cerulean blue crest and large greenish-yellow wattle. It is endemic to the Philippines with its extant range being in Luzon, Samar, Mindanao Tawi-Tawi and Basilan and it being possibly extinct on Negros and Sibuyan Island.Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forests up to 750 masl. There is an unverified report of this bird in 2024 in Leyte. It is one of the most sought after birds by birdwatchers in the Philippines and in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine fairy-bluebird</span> Species of bird

The Philippine fairy-bluebird is a species of bird in the family Irenidae. It is endemic to the Philippines being found in the islands of Luzon, Mindanao, Samar and Bohol.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-lored oriole</span> Species of bird

The white-lored oriole is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae. It is endemic to Luzon island (Philippines). It was formerly conspecific with the Philippine oriole but has since been separated as its own species. It was also formerly theorized that the critically endangered Isabela oriole was this species until it was rediscovered and proven otherwise.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine oriole</span> Species of bird

The Philippine oriole or grey-throated oriole is a species of bird in the family Oriolidae. It is endemic to the Philippine found on Mindanao and most of the Visayan Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Golden-crowned babbler</span> Species of bird

The golden-crowned babbler is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is endemic to the Philippines found only in the moist tropical forest in Northern Luzon. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luzon striped babbler</span> Species of bird

The Luzon striped babbler is a species of bird in the family Zosteropidae. It is one of the four striped babblers along with the Negros striped babbler, Panay striped babbler and Palawan striped babbler. It is endemic to the Philippines, where it is only found in northern Luzon and in Bataan. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Philippine green pigeon</span> Species of bird

The Philippine green pigeon is a pigeon in the genus Treron. It is endemic to the Philippines where it lives in the tropical moist lowland forests. It is part of the pompadour green pigeon complex which it was once conspecific with.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bicol ground warbler</span> Species of bird

The Bicol ground warbler is a species of passerine bird in the family Locustellidae. It is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines, where it is found in the southern parts of the island. It was formerly conspecific and forms a species complex with the Cordillera ground warbler and Sierra Madre ground warbler, which are some of most elusive birds in the country due to their extremely shy nature. Its natural habitat is tropical moist lowland forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cebu boobook</span> Species of owl

The Cebu boobook or Cebu hawk-owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the Philippines. It was formerly considered a subspecies of the Philippine hawk-owl, but was reclassified in 2012, as voice and other data suggested placement in a distinct species.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre ground warbler</span> Species of bird

The Sierra Madre ground warbler is a species of passerine bird in the family Locustellidae. It is endemic to the island of Luzon in the Philippines, where it is found in the northeastern and eastern foothills of the Sierra Madre. Its habitat is in tropical moist lowland and the lower reaches of tropical montane forest. It was formerly conspecific and forms a species complex with the Cordillera ground warbler and Bicol ground warbler, which are some of most elusive birds in the country due to their extremely shy nature.While not officially threatened, its population is said to be declining due to habitat destruction through deforestation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sierra Madre (Philippines)</span> Mountain range in Luzon, Philippines

The Sierra Madre is the longest mountain range in the Philippines. Spanning over 540 kilometers (340 mi), it runs from the province of Cagayan down to the province of Quezon, forming a north–south direction on the eastern portion of Luzon, the largest island of the archipelago. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east, Cagayan Valley to the northwest, Central Luzon to the midwest, and Calabarzon to the southwest. Some communities east of the mountain range, along the coast, are less developed and so remote that they could only be accessed by taking a plane or a boat.

References

  1. 1 2 3 BirdLife International (2018). "Oriolus isabellae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T22706378A134213171. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22706378A134213171.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. ↑ Gamauf, Anita; Tebbich, Sabine (February 1996). "Re-discovery of the Isabela Oriole, Oriolus isabellae" (PDF). Forktail . 11: 170–171. ISSN   0950-1746.
  3. ↑ van der Linde, K. (1996). "A further record of the Isabela oriole (Oriolus isabellae) from Baggao, Cagayan Province, northern Philippines." Forktail 11: 171.
  4. ↑ van Weerd, M. and Hutchinson, R. (2004) "Observations of Isabela Oriole Oriolus isabellae in the Sierra Madre, Luzon, Philippines, with descriptions of the call." Forktail 20: 133-136. Archived 2012-04-14 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ↑ "Isabela Oriole - eBird". ebird.org. Retrieved 2024-09-10.
  6. ↑ Knud A. Jønsson, Rauri C. K. Bowie, Robert G. Moyle, Martin Irestedt, Les Christidis, Janette A. Norman, Jon Fjeldså (2010) Phylogeny and biogeography of Oriolidae (Aves: Passeriformes) Ecography 33(2): 232–241 doi : 10.1111/j.1600-0587.2010.06167.x
  7. ↑ "Dark-throated Oriole (Oriolus xanthonotus)". www.hbw.com. Retrieved 2017-02-24.
  8. ↑ "Juvenile Isabela Oriole". Facebook. Mabuwaya Foundation.
  9. ↑ "Oriolus isabellae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-02-25.
  10. ↑ International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2018-08-20). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Oriolus isabellae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-04.
  11. ↑ "Republic Act 9147". www.officialgazette.gov.ph. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.