KDZ1A "Chuncheng" | |
---|---|
In service | 1999-2009 |
Manufacturer | Changchun Railway Vehicles |
Designer | Changchun Railway Vehicles, Zhuzhou Institute, Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive |
Assembly | Changchun, China |
Constructed | 1999 |
Number built | 1 set |
Number in service | 0 |
Number preserved | 1 motor, 1 trailer |
Predecessor | KDZ1 |
Successor | DJF1 DJF2 |
Formation | Tc-M-T-M-M-Tc |
Capacity | 600 |
Operator(s) | Kunming bureau |
Specifications | |
Car length | 25.77 m (84 ft 7 in) (driving trailer) 25.5 m (83 ft 8 in) (other cars) |
Width | 3,105 mm (10 ft 2.2 in) |
Height | 4,134 mm (13 ft 6.8 in) |
Maximum speed | 132 km/h (82 mph) (tests) |
Traction motors | DS-112A |
Tractive effort | 2160 kW |
Transmission | AC–DC |
Power supply | single phase 25 kV AC |
Bogies | CW-200 |
Notes/references | |
[1] |
The KDZ1A "Chuncheng" was an early attempt at building an electric multiple unit in China with the participation of Changchun Railway Vehicles, Zhuzhou Institute and Kunming railway bureau. Development was completed in 1999 in time for the Kunming World Horticultural Exposition. As its predecessor, the KDZ1 never operated commercially, the KDZ1A became the first Chinese EMU to be in revenue service, although it was in service for only 10 years before being withdrawn.
In 1988, the first Chinese EMU, the KDZ1 was completed at Changchun Railway Vehicles. It had a maximum operating speed of 140 km/h (87 mph), but due to immature technologies, it never entered service. The interest in EMUs arose again towards the end of the 1990s, with the catalyst being the 1999 World Horticultural Exposition, where it was realised that there was a need for short distance transport from Kunming to other nearby cities. For this, Kunming bureau invested CN¥16,800,000 to construct an EMU, [2] signing a contract on 7 August 1998 with Changchun Railway Vehicles and Zhuzhou Institute. The new model was named the KDZ1A, to represent the fact that it was supposed to be a further development on the KDZ1. The exterior and interior design was done by Changchun Railway vehicles, while Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive designed the electrical systems. [3]
The KDZ1A was rolled out in March 1999, and sent to Beijing ring railway for tests, where it reached a maximum speed of 132 km/h (82 mph). The tests were completed on 11 April, and it was formally assigned to Kunming bureau.
On 16 April 1999, days before the opening of the exposition, the KDZ1A participated in a ribbon cutting ceremony at Kunming station, and subsequently departed on service K439/440 from Kunming to Shiling, [4] and thus becoming the first commercially operated EMU in China, but was also the first streamlined EMU built. As the KDZ1A took only eight months from design to completion with a short testing period, its commercial service revealed numerous flaws, mostly relating to the electrical, transmission and ventilation systems that were only solved after the problems were identified in passenger service. [3]
During the period of the Horticultural Exposition, there was a great demand for the service, and every trip ran at maximum occupancy. However, after the exposition ended, demand sharply decreased, with only 30 or 40 passengers per trip. As a result of the decline, service K439/440 was cancelled and the KDZ1A stopped operating. [5] It subsequently ran other services from Kunming to Xuanwei and from 2006, services 5651/2/3/4 from Kunming to Chuxiong.
In April 2007, the section Zhanyi to Kunming on the Hukun railway was completed after duplication, and to use the extra capacity provided, Kunming bureau added more services within its area. The KDZ1A was put to use on the line from 1 June 2007, running between Kunming and Qujing on services T901/2 and T903/4, taking 106 minutes for the trip. [6] However, due to limitations imposed by the neutral sections of the rail line, the KDZ1A was reduced to a four car formation with two motors and two trailers, lowering capacity to 372 people. [7] This was solved in August 2007, after modifications to the electrical systems permitted the operation of it as a six car set.
From 2009 onwards, the KDZ1A was withdrawn and stored at Guangtong sector, while a spare driving trailer was stored at Kunming sector. Since then, a driving trailer and a motor has been on display at the Hunan Railway Museum, while the other five cars including the spare driving trailer are still stored. [8]
The KDZ1A is a six car EMU, with three trailers and three motor carriages. Each pair of motor carriage and trailer forms a traction unit, and the whole train has a traction output of 2160 kW. Various equipment placed on the roof include the pantograph, primary circuit breaker, lightning protection devices and resistors for dynamic braking, while the bottom of the carriage has the primary transformers, primary rectifiers and secondary inverters. The motor car in the second traction unit carries the flat wave inductor and secondary inverters. [9] After the modifications to allow it to run on the upgraded Hukun railway, the pantograph on the second traction unit was removed, while an additional 25 kV cable was added between the carriages, to allow all three traction units to be fed from one pantograph. [10]
The carriages are of a sparless steel design, connected to each by a size 15 coupler. To improve airflow, skirts are installed under carriages. It has a full capacity of 600 people, consisting two soft seat carriages arranged in two by two arrangement, with a capacity of 64 and four hard seat carriages in a two by three layout and a capacity 116 people. The set uses a Japanese NABCO controller, to allow for simultaneous air and dynamic braking. [9]
The KDZ1A weights 381 tons in total, while the axle weight of the motor cars are equal or less than 18 tons. [11]
The KDZ1A has an AC–DC transmission, where the single phase 25 kV AC from the overhead line passes through the primary transformer then a thyristor rectifier, which then passes to the four traction motors within the same traction unit. The traction motors are model DS-112A DC motor with a continuous output of 180 kW. [9] [11]
The control system of the KDZ1A is based on that of the SS8, with every traction unit having a cabinet for microcomputers. Microcomputers control the electrical transmission, such as the traction, braking, anti-slip but also train heating. The driver's console has a TFT display, which can provide error diagnosis. However, as domestic technology was immature and a train communication network had yet to be developed, the train used a modified version of the program of the articulated SS4B, using a RS-485 standard train control line to communicate between traction units. However, control information was not actually transmitted over the cable, only the status of the train was. This was a problematic design, as on the SS4B, the RS-485 cable connected two locomotives that were next to each other, while the cable for the KDZ1A had to span the entire train, leading to it suffering from electromagnetic interference. [12]
Each carriage had two bogies, which were the Changchun Railway Vehicles model CW-200 bolsterless high-speed bogie. It is a welded bogie, in the shape of the letter H. First stage suspension are springs with hydraulic shock absorber, with horizontal dampers and anti-roll bars fitted between the carriage body and the bogie. Motorised bogies are fitted with shoe brakes and parking brakes, while trailers use disc brakes. Both types are fitted with electronic anti-slip systems. [13]
Carriage number | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type | RZ25DT | YZ25DD | YZ25DT | YZ25DD | RZ25DT | |
soft seat | hard seat | soft seat | ||||
Traction configuration | 〇〇 〇〇 trailer | ●● ●● motor | 〇〇 〇〇 trailer | ●● ●● motor | 〇〇 〇〇 trailer | |
Traction unit | ① | ② | ③ | |||
Occupancy | 64 | 116 | 64 | |||
Notes | driver's cabin
| pantograph | driver's cabin
|
China Railway High-speed (CRH) is a high-speed rail service operated by China Railway.
The Capital Airport Express of the Beijing Subway, also known by the initials ABC, Airport Beijing City, is an airport rail link from Beixinqiao station to the Beijing Capital International Airport. The line became operational on July 19, 2008. On subway maps, the Capital Airport Express' color is purplish gray .
The CRH3 Hexie is a version of the Siemens Velaro high-speed train used in China on the Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway line, Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line, Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Line and the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway. It is capable of service speed of 380 km/h (236 mph) as the very similar Velaro E used in Spain, but, similarly to the Sapsan, it is 300 mm (11.8 in) wider to take advantage of a more generous structure gauge and thus be able to fit in more seats in a 2+3 layout.
The Shaoshan 1 is a type of AC-powered electric locomotive used by China Railway. This locomotive was the first Chinese electric main line locomotive, built by the Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Works with the assistance of the Soviet Union and following the design of the Soviet-H60 electric locomotive. The power supply was industrial-frequency single-phase AC, and the axle arrangement Co-Co.
All Beijing Subway trains run on 1,435 mmstandard gauge rail and draw power from the 750 V DC third rail, except those on Lines 6, 11 14, 16, 17 and 19, which use 1,500 V DC overhead wires. Lines 6, 15, Fangshan, and Changping lines have a designed maximum service speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The Airport Line is linear motor driven with a designed maximum service speed of 110 km/h (68 mph) All other Lines have a maximum service speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). Currently, Lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, Batong, Daxing, Changping, Fangshan, Yanfang, and Yizhuang lines use 6 car B size trains. Initially, the Batong line and Line 13 was originally used 4 car trains and now expanded into six.
The Hohhot–Nanning corridor is a proposed high-speed railway in China running from Hohhot in Inner Mongolia to Nanning in Guangxi. It will pass through the cities of Taiyuan, Zhengzhou, Xiangyang, Changde, Yiyang, Shaoyang, Yongzhou and Guilin. The corridor is one of the sixteen railway lines proposed under the "eight horizontal and eight vertical" railway network introduced in 2016.
Hexie, also known as the CRH series EMU, is an umbrella term for the multiple unit high-speed and higher-speed trains operated by China Railway under the China Railway High-speed brand. All series of Hexie are based on foreign-developed technology and later manufactured locally in China through technology transfer licenses, with the ultimate goal of China acquiring the know-how and capability to produce high-speed rail trains.
The CR200J Fuxing is a Chinese higher-speed trainset consisting of a power car paired with unpowered passenger cars operated by China Railway. It is the slowest member of the Fuxing series. The train was jointly designed and produced by six companies under CRRC.
The DK4 are a class of electrical multiple units built by Changchun Railway Vehicles, operated on the Pyongyang Metro, and later the Korean State Railway. The sets developed in parallel with the DK3, and these sets were delivered new to the Pyongyang Metro when it opened in September 1973, although they have since almost entirely disappeared from the metro network, with many sets being converted to be used under overhead catenary as electric multiple units, or as a locomotive.
The DDJ1 is a first generation high-speed electric multiple unit built for China Railway, built by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotives, Changchun Railway Vehicles, Sifang Railway Vehicles, Tangshan Passenger vehicle factory, Nanjing Puzhen and developed by Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Research Centre. It was built in 1999, and was an experimental vehicle, with only one set built, as it did not enter mass production. The design was well received as part of national science in the 9th five year plan. The DDJ1 is in a push–pull configuration, with only one locomotive in the set and the other end being a trailer with a driver's cabin.
The NZJ "Lushan", also registered as the NZJ1 are a class of diesel multiple unit (DMU) of China Railway. These sets were built by Tangshan Locomotive in a 2M2T layout of four cars with Cummins diesel engines and Siemens electrical equipment. Three sets were built in total between 1998 and 2000, with two operated by Nanchang Railway Bureau and one by Kunming Railway Bureau.
The China Railways Type 23 are a group of somewhat related carriages that are a class of the China Railways Type 22 carriage series, as they were a series of derivative carriages from the Type 22, rather than an independent class of carriages.
The DJF2"Xianfeng" electric multiple unit is a model operated formerly by China Railway with traction motors distributed throughout the unit. It was developed in 2001 as a key task of the science and technology targets of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. It was an innovative and advanced design being the first Chinese multiple unit train to achieve 200 km/h (124 mph) and achieving a top test speed of 292.8 km/h (181.9 mph) in tests, but had numerous flaws in the design that complicated operations.
The NDJ3 "Great Wall", previously labeled the "Harmony Great Wall" is the only higher-speed diesel multiple unit that is still operating in China. It was first designed to be used for passenger transport in the 2008 Olympics, and has become a mature technology platform with export orders to Nigeria despite initial flaws related to overheating of electrical cables in the power car.
The TSD09 diesel multiple unit is a tilting train developed by Tangshan Locomotive in 2003 and fitted with Cummins diesel engines, Voith hydraulic transmission and Extel Systems Wedel tilting mechanisms. It was built for Sanmao Railway, but due to strategic reasons within the Ministry of Railways, the set never operated commercially and has been permanently stored at Tangshan Locomotive.
The KDZ1 is the first electrical multiple unit built in China. It is an experimental alternating current electrical multiple unit, developed by Changchun Railway Vehicles, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute and China Academy of Railway Sciences in 1978 and completed in 1988, though it never saw passenger service, with it being stored after it completed its initial tests.
The Type 24 is a class of two unrelated carriages of China Railway. The two different types can be separated into those built in 1966 for air conditioned services on the Guangshen railway and those imported in the 1980s from East Germany, which consisted mostly soft seaters, but also a few hard sleepers.
The DJF1 "Zhongyuan Star" was an electric multiple unit of China Railway. It only operated in service for less than five years, before it was removed from service due to its various flaws and high maintenance costs. The train was initially built as a six car set, and subsequently lengthened to a fourteen car set. The two driving motors and the middle two motor cars have been preserved, with the other carriages being scrapped.
The NC3 are a model of diesel multiple units operated by China Railway. They were built by Ganz-MAVAG in 1962 and imported from the Hungarian People's Republic to be operated in China. They were not the first DMU to be operated in China; the Dongfeng DMU had been built a few years earlier, but only in a single set.