CIT trains are equipped with special devices to monitor the conditions of the track, the wheel-rail force, a catenary-pantograph communications system, and a signal system. Stock is usually painted with yellow bands and the words "高速综合检测列车" (meaning "High-speed Comprehensive Inspection Train") are usually painted on the side.[1] The designs of most CITs are based on originally commercial designs, like the CIT001 (based on CRH5) and CIT400A (based on CRH380A). However, the CIT380A trainset was converted from a prototype of CRH380A (CRH2-150C). Some re-vamped commercial trains used for testing purposes are not designated as CITs and have standard serial numbers appended with a "J" (e.g. CRH380AJ). This stands for "Jiǎn" (inspection).
CRH5J-0501 (original designation, CIT001) is an 8-car trainset based on the CRH5 design, which serves as a 250km/h (155mph) test train.
The CIT001 was ordered by the China Academy of Railway Science on 2 April 2007 and was co-designed by CARS and CNR. The official name is Code Zero Comprehensive Inspection Train. The train is painted with yellow and white striped livery and started test runs on 1 July 2007.[2] It came into service on 6 June 2008.
Formation
Car Number
Function
CIT001-01
Communication signal inspection car
CIT001-02
Conference car
CIT001-03
Catenary inspection car
CIT001-04
Data processing car
CIT001-05
Track inspection car
CIT001-06
Dining/rest car
CIT001-07
Sleeping car
CIT001-00
Signal inspection car
CRH2A-2010
CRH2A-2010 (formerly CRH2-010A) is the first high-speed test train in China and the first CRH2 trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang. The trainset rolled off the production line on 31 July 2006. In March 2007 it was converted to be a 250km/h (155mph) test train. The train is equipped with ATP, signal parameter monitoring, wireless field monitoring, pantograph and catenary monitoring, track geometry monitoring, dynamics and acceleration detecting devices and a circuit-monitoring system.[3]
CRH2C-2061
CRH2C-2061 (formerly CRH2-061C) is the first 300km/h (186mph) high speed trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang. The trainset rolled off the production line on 22 December 22, 2007[4] and was named CRH2-300, as the prototype of CRH2C. During a test on 22 April 2008, CRH2-061C reached a top speed of over 370km/h (230mph) on Beijing-Tianjin high-speed rail[5] and on 11 December 2009 reached an improved top speed of 394.2km/h (245mph) on the Zhengzhou-Xi'an high-speed railway line.[6] It now serves as a 350km/h inspection train, equipped with track inspection, catenary examination, and signal inspection devices.
CRH2C-2068
CRH2C-2068 (formerly CRH2-068C) is a 350km/h (217mph) inspection train, equipped with track inspection, dynamics performance monitor and pantograph/catenary inspection devices.
CRH2C-2150
CRH2C-2150 (formerly CIT380A) is a 350km/h (217mph) high-speed comprehensive inspection train. It is converted from the prototype vehicle CRH380A. The original train, CRH2-150C, was rolled off the production line in April 2010. The eight-car train was modified to a CIT train after a series of tests for the design of CRH380A, and was delivered in November 2010.
Formation
Car Number
Function
A00001
Signal inspection car
A00002
Communication test and comprehensive system test car
The CRH400A-001 (initially CIT400A) is the first ever 380km/h (236mph) CIT train of China, based on the CRH380A design. The 8-car trainset was manufactured by CSR Sifang factory and rolled off the production line on February 22, 2011.[7] The train has a formation of 7M1T, and was designed with a top testing speed of 500km/h (311mph).
Development on the CIT400A started in June 2010. On February 23, 2011, the CRH400A-001 arrived at CARS; after a series of modifications to rectify problems that occurred during testing, the trainset was set to enter service on March 3,[needs update?] performing inspection work on the Jinghu HSR.
CRH380BJ-0301
CRH380BJ-0301 on Beijing–Kowloon railwayCRH380BJ-A-0504, another inspection train built for low temperature conditions in Northeast China, at the China Academy of Railway Sciences.
The CRH380BJ-0301 (initially CIT400B) is a 380km/h (236mph) CIT train, co-manufactured by the CNR Tangshan and CNR Changchun factories.[8] The design is based on CNR's CRH380CL trainset, with a formation of 6M2T, a designed top speed of 500km/h (311mph), and a top operating speed of 400km/h (249mph).
On December 7, 2010, during the 7th World High-speed Rail Conference held in Beijing, an officer from the CSR Group confirmed that China would perform a high-speed test in 2011 in an attempt to break the then current speed record of 574.8km/h (357.2mph) achieved by French trainset V150.[9] This confirmed that CSR was developing the CIT500 (later renamed CRH380AM) trainset.[10]
On December 22, 2011, the train, officially named "Higher Speed Experimental Train",[11] rolled off the production line. It is scheduled to enter testing in the near future.[needs update][12] The train set is composed of 6 motored cars with a power output of 22,800kW (30,575hp), which results in an extremely high power to weight ratio.[13]
CRH2J-0205
CRH2J-0205 is a modified CRH2E. Converted from CRH2-139E. The train set is painted in an orange livery and is used for inspection work.
CRH380BJ-A-0504
CR400BF-J-0511
CR400BF-J-0511 in the National Railway Test Center, Beijing
The Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway is a high-speed railway that connects two major economic zones in the People's Republic of China: the Bohai Economic Rim and the Yangtze River Delta. Construction began on April 18, 2008, with the line opened to the public for commercial service on June 30, 2011. The 1,318-kilometer (819 mi) long high-speed line is the world's longest high-speed line ever constructed in a single phase.
CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co., Ltd. is a Chinese rolling stock manufacturer based in Qingdao, Shandong province. Founded in 1900 during the German occupation, Qingdao Sifang is one of the oldest rolling stock manufacturers in China.
The CRH2 Hexie is one of the high-speed train models in China. The CRH2 is based on the E2-1000 Series Shinkansen design from Japan with the license purchased from a consortium formed of Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, and Hitachi, and represents the second Shinkansen train model to be exported.
The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used – with a total length of 46,000 kilometres (29,000 mi) in the middle of 2024. The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200–380 km/h (120–240 mph). China's HSR accounts for two-thirds of the world's total high-speed railway networks. Almost all HSR trains, track and service are owned and operated by the China Railway Corporation under the brand China Railway High-speed (CRH).
China Railway High-speed (CRH) is a high-speed rail service operated by China Railway.
The CRH1 EMU, also known as Hexie, is a high-speed train operated by China Railway and built by a joint venture between Bombardier Transportation and Sifang at Bombardier Sifang Power Transportation factory in Qingdao, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
The CRH3 Hexie is a version of the Siemens Velaro high-speed train used in China on the Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway line, Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line, Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Line and the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway. It is capable of service speed of 380 km/h (236 mph) as the very similar Velaro E used in Spain, but, similarly to the Sapsan, it is 300 mm (11.8 in) wider to take advantage of a more generous structure gauge and thus be able to fit in more seats in a 2+3 layout.
The Wuhan–Guangzhou high-speed railway, also called the Wuguang high-speed railway and short for Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong high-speed railway, Wuhan–Guangzhou section, is a 968-kilometre (601 mi) high-speed rail line, operated by China Railway High-speed (CRH), connecting Wuhan and Guangzhou, the provincial capitals of Hubei and Guangdong, respectively. It was the world's fastest train service, initially using coupled CRH2C and CRH3C trains which averages 313 km/h (194 mph) in non-stop commercial service.
All Beijing Subway trains run on 1,435 mmstandard gauge rail and draw power from the 750 V DC third rail, except those on Lines 6, 11 14, 16, 17 and 19, which use 1,500 V DC overhead wires. Lines 6, 15, Fangshan, and Changping lines have a designed maximum service speed of 100 km/h (62 mph). The Airport Line is linear motor driven with a designed maximum service speed of 110 km/h (68 mph) All other Lines have a maximum service speed of 80 km/h (50 mph). Currently, Lines 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 15, Batong, Daxing, Changping, Fangshan, Yanfang, and Yizhuang lines use 6 car B size trains. Initially, the Batong line and Line 13 was originally used 4 car trains and now expanded into six.
The CRH380A Hexie is a Chinese electric high-speed train that was developed by CSR Corporation Limited (CSR) and is currently manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. As a continuation of the CRH2-380 program it both replaces foreign (Japanese) technology in the CRH2 with Chinese developments and increases its top speed. The CRH380A is designed to operate at a cruise speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) and a maximum speed of 380 km/h (236 mph) in commercial service. The original 8-car train-set recorded a top speed of 416.6 km/h (258.9 mph) during a trial run. The longer 16-car train-set reached 486.1 km/h (302.0 mph).
The CRH6 is a regional/commuter higher-speed train of the People's Republic of China. It is designed by CRRC Qingdao Sifang and will be manufactured by CRRC Nanjing Puzhen at its subsidiary, the CRRC Guangdong Jiangmen Factory. Unlike other CRH types, most CRH6 trains use unique names; only very few CRH6 use Hexie as the train name.
The "fastest" train commercial service can be defined alternatively by a train's top speed or average trip speed.
Vibrant Express, also known as MTR CRH380A or MTR380A is a high-speed train operated by Hong Kong government-owned public transport operator MTR. It was manufactured by Chinese state-owned manufacturer CSR Qingdao Sifang based on the CRH380A Hexie EMUs developed for China Railway. Nine 8-car trainsets were ordered by the Hong Kong government through the MTR Corporation and delivered between 2016 and 2017. It is the first high-speed train produced by CRRC not operated by China Railway.
Fuxing, also known as the CR series EMU, is a series of high-speed and higher-speed EMU trains operated by China Railway High-speed (CRH) and developed by CRRC. They are the first successful high-speed trains to be fully designed and manufactured in China.
Hexie, also known as the CRH series EMU, is an umbrella term for the multiple unit high-speed and higher-speed trains operated by China Railway under the China Railway High-speed brand. All series of Hexie are based on foreign-developed technology and later manufactured locally in China through technology transfer licenses, with the ultimate goal of China acquiring the know-how and capability to produce high-speed rail trains.
The CR200J Fuxing is a Chinese trainset consisting of a power car paired with unpowered passenger cars operated by China Railway. It is the slowest member of the Fuxing series, and only member of Fuxing series designed for existing railways under 200km/h rather than newer high-speed railways. The train was jointly designed and produced by six companies under CRRC.
The DJF2"Xianfeng" electric multiple unit is a model operated formerly by China Railway with traction motors distributed throughout the unit. It was developed in 2001 as a key task of the science and technology targets of the Ninth Five-Year Plan. It was an innovative and advanced design being the first Chinese multiple unit train to achieve 200 km/h (124 mph) and achieving a top test speed of 292.8 km/h (181.9 mph) in tests, but had numerous flaws in the design that complicated operations.
The CRRC 600 is a high-speed magnetic levitation (maglev) train under development in China, using German Transrapid technology under license from Thysenkrupp. The first trainset was unveiled in July 2021 at the CRRC Qingdao Sifang factory in Qingdao. The train is planned to reach 600km/h, which would make it one of the fastest trains in the world.
The CR400AF Fuxing is a Chinese electric high-speed train developed by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles and manufactured by CRRC Qingdao Sifang. As part of the China Standardized EMU, the CR400AF is designed to operate at a cruise speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) and a maximum speed of 420 km/h (261 mph) in commercial service. Development on the project started in 2012, and the design plan was finished in September 2014. The first EMU rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015. The series received its current designation of Fuxing in June 2017, with the nickname Red Dragon. It is among the world's fastest conventional high-speed trains in regular service, with an operating speed of 350 km/h (217 mph).
The CR400BF Fuxing is a Chinese electric high-speed train that was developed and manufactured by CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles. As part of the China Standardized EMU, The CR400BF is designed to operate at a cruise speed of 350 km/h (217 mph) and a maximum speed of 420 km/h (261 mph) in commercial service. Development on the project started in 2012, and the design plan was finished in September 2014. The first EMU rolled off the production line on 30 June 2015. The series received its current designation of Fuxing in June 2017, with the nickname Golden Phoenix. It is among the world's fastest conventional high-speed trains in regular service, with an operating speed of 350 km/h (217 mph).
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