Alfa Pendular

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Alfa Pendular
Alfa Pendular train, 2017 generation Alfa Pendular New Livery.jpg
Alfa Pendular train, 2017 generation
Carriage interior Alfa Pendular (6017461549).jpg
Carriage interior
First class Alfa Pendular new interior 1st class.jpg
First class
Manufacturer FIAT Ferroviaria, ADtranz, Siemens
Built at Sorefame, Amadora
Family name Pendolino
Entered service1999
Refurbished2017
Number built10 six-carriage units
Number in service9
Number scrapped1
Fleet numbersSérie 4000 (numbers 4001–4010 and 4051–4060)
Capacity301 seats
Operators CP
Lines served Braga-Porto-Lisbon-Faro
Specifications
Train length158.9 m (521 ft 4 in)
Width2.92 m (9 ft 7 in)
Height4.39 m (14 ft 5 in)
Maximum speed220 km/h (135 mph)
Weight298.3 t (293.6 long tons; 328.8 short tons)
Axle load 14.3 t (14.1 long tons; 15.8 short tons)
Traction system8 asynchronous three-phase Siemens 1TB2223-OGA03 motors
Power output4,000 kW (5,400 hp)
UIC classification (1A)(A1) – (1A)(A1) – 2′2′ + 2′2′ – (1A)(A1) – (1A)(A1)
Track gauge 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+2132 in) Iberian gauge
Alfa Pendular
km
Braga
0
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BSicon KBHFa.svg
Guimarães
Nine
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BSicon BHF.svg
BSicon BHF.svg
Santo Tirso
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BSicon EIU.svg
Famalicão
BSicon BHF.svg
BSicon BHF.svg
Trofa
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BSicon KRWr.svg
Porto-
Campanhã
53
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BSicon BHF.svg
BSicon BAHN.svg
BSicon hbKRZWae.svg
Gaia
55
BSicon TRAM.svg
BSicon pBHF.svg
Espinho
121
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BSicon exlDAMPF.svg
Aveiro
121
BSicon BHF.svg
BSicon lDAMPF.svg
Coimbra-B
170
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BSicon BAHN.svg
BSicon hbKRZWae.svg
Pombal
BSicon pBHF.svg
for Leiria
Entroncamento
BSicon pBHF.svg
BSicon BAHN.svg
Santarém
BSicon pBHF.svg
Lisbon-Oriente
340
BSicon TRAM.svg
BSicon BHF.svg
BSicon BAHN.svg
BSicon TRAM.svg
BSicon ABZgl.svg
BSicon KBHFeq.svg
Lisbon-Santa Apolónia
BSicon EIU.svg
Entrecampos
BSicon TRAM.svg
BSicon BHF.svg
BSicon BAHN.svg
BSicon EIU.svg
BSicon hbKRZWae.svg
Pinhal Novo
BSicon pBHF.svg
BSicon BAHN.svg
BSicon hbKRZWae.svg
Tunes
BSicon pBHF.svg
BSicon BAHN.svg
Albufeira-Ferreiras
BSicon pBHF.svg
Loulé
BSicon pBHF.svg
Faro
624
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BSicon BAHN.svg

Alfa Pendular is the name of the flagship Pendolino high-speed tilting train of Portuguese state railway company Comboios de Portugal. [1]

Contents

Since the 1990's it connects the near-coastal and coastal cities of Braga, Porto, Aveiro, Coimbra, Santarém, Lisbon, Albufeira, and Faro, [2] spanning from North to South, at speeds of up to 220 km/h (135 mph).

The trains were assembled in Portugal by ADtranz at the former Sorefame works at Amadora, based on contracting partnership between Fiat-Ferroviaria as the main contractor and ADtranz and Siemens as the main subcontractors.

In 2017, the Alfa train fleet was upgraded with new interiors, livery, seating, and features such as Wi-Fi, plugs and chargers for electronic devices. [3]

Description

The Alfa Pendular high speed train is a six car electric multiple unit (EMU), which is derived from, and closely resembles the Giugiaro designed Italian Fiat-Ferroviaria ETR 480 Pendolino train. The bogies were redesigned to operate on Portugal's 1,668 mm (5 ft 5+2132 in) Iberian gauge [4] specific rails.

There are 8 traction motors, installed on all but the two middle vehicles of the train, developing 4.0 megawatts (5,400 hp). This M-M-T-T-M-M arrangement spreads the weight of the train, giving it a weight of only 13.5 tonnes (13.3 long tons; 14.9 short tons) per axle, which helps its cornering ability at high speed.

During testing, a top speed of 245.6 km/h (152.6 mph) was reached close to Espinho in 1998.

Tilting technology

Its tilting train technology, with a maximum tilt angle of 8°, allows the train to navigate curves at higher speeds than conventional trains. [5] The combination of the resulting high cornering velocity and the tilting movement of the carriages helps ensure a comfortable ride for the passengers, although the jostle and sway compensating for track irregularities may cause "motion sickness" in those susceptible. The hydraulic tilting system is governed by two gyroscopes in the head cars. The curve is found on the base of the elevation of the external track.

The use of this train did not require particular modifications to the existing rail network, but it is expensive in terms of maintenance of the rolling stock because of the complexity of the tilting system. [6]

History

The Alfa Pendular service was officially launched in 1999, connecting Lisbon to Porto, replacing the previous Alfa service (provided by locomotive + carriages type trains), on the same route since the 1980's. [7] The introduction of the Alfa Pendular was considered one of the most important milestones in the development of rail transport in Portugal.

Alfa Pendular at Gare do Oriente. Alfa Pendular in Lisboa Oriente.jpg
Alfa Pendular at Gare do Oriente.

Initially planned to link the country's two main cities, Lisbon and Porto, the pendulum train routes were expanded, and by 1996 they included the entire base network of the Portuguese railway system serving Intercidades (Intercity). An extensive axis linking the country from North to South was created between Braga, Porto, Lisbon, Setúbal, with connections to Alto-Minho, Douro-Litoral, Beiras, Alentejo-Litoral and the Algarve. [8] [9]

By 2004, the company Rede Ferroviária Nacional concluded its modernization projects for the Minho and Sul lines and the Braga Branch, with the extension of Alfa Pendular services to Braga and Faro, as part of the Eixo Atlântico program. [10]

On 20 May 2016, the Alfa Pendular service broke a new daily record, having transported 8,080 passengers in the 24 trains it operated that day — the second highest number of people transported in a day in 2016, having reached 7,557 passengers on 6 May. [11]

In 2017, the Alfa Pendular trains had transported over 26 million customers, and travelled a distance of more than 45 million kilometers. [12]

Side view, showing the carriages. CP 4009 (36096244016) (cropped).jpg
Side view, showing the carriages.

Stations

The stations served by the Alfa Pendular are, from north to south: [13]

See also

References

  1. Série 4000: CP official website
  2. "Sobre o Alfa Pendular eixo Lis-Por" (in Portuguese).
  3. Portugal, Comboios de. "#NovoAlfaPendular". CP.PT | Comboios de Portugal. Retrieved 2019-09-23.
  4. "European standard nominal track gauge (1 435 mm) in Portugal". European Parliament.
  5. "Portugal High-Speed Trains".
  6. Persson, R., Goodall, R. M., & Sasaki, K. (2009).doi.org/10.1080/00423110903082234. "Carbody tilting – technologies and benefits. Vehicle System Dynamics, 47(8), 949–981".{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. CUNHA, João (19 March 2006). "CP's fast services - Trains of Portugal" (in Portuguese). Transportes XXI. Retrieved 2018-02-18.
  8. MARTINS et al, 1996:194
  9. "High Speed Trains Europe". eurail.
  10. REIS et al, 2006:202-203
  11. Moura, Carlos (24 May 2016). "CP's Alfa Pendular sets new daily record". Transportes em Revista. Retrieved July 31, 2017.
  12. Ferreira, Diogo. "First renewed Alfa Pendular leaves St. Apolónia at 4 pm". Money Vivo. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  13. Comboios de Portugal > Alfa Pendular > Estações

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