EVS1/EVS2 Sapsan | |
---|---|
In service | 2009–present |
Manufacturer | Siemens |
Family name | Siemens Velaro |
Formation | 10 / 20 cars |
Capacity | 604 / 1208 |
Operators | Russian Railways |
Lines served | October Railway Moscow Railway Gorky Railway |
Specifications | |
Train length | 250 m (820 ft 2+1⁄2 in) |
Car length | 25.535 m / 24.175 m |
Width | 3.265 m (10 ft 8+1⁄2 in) |
Height | 4.4 m (14 ft 5+1⁄4 in) |
Floor height | 1.36 m (53.5 in) |
Platform height | 1,100–1,300 mm (43.3–51.2 in) 200–550 mm (7.9–21.7 in) (EVS2 only; delivery in 2015 onward) |
Maximum speed |
|
Weight | 667 t (656 long tons; 735 short tons) |
Traction system | Asynchronous induction motors |
Power output | 8,000 kW (11,000 hp) |
Tractive effort | 328 kN (74,000 lbf) (starting) 296 kN (67,000 lbf) @ 97 km/h (60 mph) (continuous) |
Electric system(s) | EVS1: 3 kV DC EVS2 (dual voltage units): 3 kV DC / 25 kV 50 Hz AC Overhead catenary |
Current collector(s) | Pantograph |
UIC classification | Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′ +2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′+Bo′Bo′ |
Safety system(s) | KLUB-U |
Track gauge | 1,520 mm (4 ft 11+27⁄32 in) Russian gauge |
The Sapsan (Russian : Сапсанlit. ' Peregrine Falcon '), also known as Velaro RUS EVS, is a Russian gauge high speed electric express train. The train is a Siemens Velaro model, which in turn is based on the ICE 3M/F high-speed trains manufactured by Siemens for the German Deutsche Bahn (DB), known as the Siemens Velaro.
The trains started regular service on the Saint Petersburg–Moscow Railway in December 2009 [1] [2] at a maximum speed of 250 km/h (155 mph).
On 22 March 2022, following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Siemens suspended its contract to supply additional trainsets, [3] as well as announcing it would end maintenance and other services from 13 May 2022, with Russian Railways stepping in to continue their maintenance. [4] [5]
On 18 May 2006, Siemens and Russian Railways signed a €276 million order for eight high-speed trains [6] with a 30-year service contract worth around €300 million. [6]
The trains were ordered to connect Moscow with Saint Petersburg [7] and later Nizhny Novgorod at a speed of up to 250 km/h (155 mph). They are derived from the German ICE 3 train but with bodies widened by 330 mm (13.0 in) to 3,265 mm (10 ft 8.5 in) to suit Russia's wide loading gauge. [8] Four of the trains (EVS2) are equipped for both 3 kV DC and 25 kV 50 Hz AC operation. The total length of each ten-car train is 250 m (820 ft 3 in), carrying up to 600 passengers.
Development and construction was carried out by Siemens at Erlangen and Krefeld in Germany. In August 2009, it was announced that the fifth Sapsan had been delivered to Russia, of the eight that were planned. [9]
Four single-voltage ("EVS1", 3 kV DC powered, trainsets 5-8) trains entered passenger service at the end of 2009 on the Moscow – St Petersburg route, with the dual-system trains (EVS2, trainsets 1-4) entering service on the Nizhny Novgorod route on 30 July 2010. [10]
Sapsan set records for the fastest train in Russia on 2 May 2009, travelling at 281 km/h (175 mph) [11] and on 7 May 2009, travelling at 290 km/h (180 mph).
On 19 December 2011, a €600 million order for an additional twenty trainsets including eight EVS2 sets [12] was signed in order to facilitate an increased number of services on existing lines and the expansion of new service elsewhere in the system. [13] [14] The second-batch EVS1 sets (trainsets 9-20) will be same details as the first-batch EVS1 sets, but the second-batch EVS2 sets (trainsets 21 onward) will have retractable steps to suit for low platforms, unlike the first-batch EVS2 sets.
According to the timetable valid from 30 October 2011, the direct train from Moscow to St Petersburg without intermediate stops needs 3 hours 40 minutes, the train from Moscow to Nizhny Novgorod 3 hours 55 minutes.
Introduction of Sapsan initially caused cancelation of affordable daytime trains between Moscow and St Petersburg. Since the end of 2012, Moscow – St Petersburg daytime trains other than Sapsan have been running again.
New bridge crossings were built, platforms along the railway were reconstructed and additional track was completed in 2015. New Lastochka commuter trains were introduced on the Moscow – Tver [15] and St Petersburg – Bologoye routes. Local trains in the rural areas were saved. [16] [17]
The first and the only (since 2015) route for Sapsan trains.
Moscow (Leningradsky railway terminal) – Tver (756A, 762A, 770A, 778A, 780A) – Vyshny Volochyok (758A, 768A, 776A) – Bologoye (756A, 762A, 770A, 778A, 780A, 784A) – Uglovka (758A, 760A, 768A, 778A) – Okulovka (758A, 760A, 768A, 778A) – Chudovo (756A, 758A, 768A, 776A, 780A, 784A, 786A) – Saint Petersburg (Moskovsky railway terminal) [18]
There are no Sapsan trains stopping at all stations on the route. The fastest ones do not stop between Moscow and Saint Petersburg at all. Numbers of the trains which stop at intermediate stations are listed above. Such measures were implemented to increase speed.
Former route of Sapsan trains. Since 2015, new Talgo Strizh train was introduced. All the Sapsans were directed to Moscow – St Petersburg route. Talgo trains are also high speed but more suitable for this route.
On 1 March 2018, Russian Railways reopened the discontinued Saint Petersburg – Moscow – Nizhny Novgorod route which allows passengers to take an 8 hour 11 minute journey without a train change in Moscow. [19]
On 1 July 2012, the Russian Railways company introduced a new tariff system for Sapsan trains which dynamically prices tickets based on two factors:
The new rates range from 0.8 to 1.2 times the base rate for the day. It is possible to see the final price of a ticket for a specific date during the booking process.
Nizhny Novgorod is the administrative centre of Nizhny Novgorod Oblast and the Volga Federal District in Russia. The city is located at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers in Central Russia, with a population of over 1.2 million residents, up to roughly 1.7 million residents in the urban agglomeration. Nizhny Novgorod is the sixth-largest city in Russia, the second-most populous city on the Volga, as well as the Volga Federal District. It is an important economic, transportation, scientific, educational and cultural centre in Russia and the vast Volga-Vyatka economic region, and the main centre of river tourism in Russia. In the historic part of the city there are many universities, theatres, museums and churches.
Sokol was a planned high-speed train in Russia. It was to be a successor of the ER200 for use on the Moscow–St. Petersburg mainline, and was designed to operate at a cruising speed of 250 km/h. A prototype was built in 2000 and tested by Russian High Speed Railway Shareholding Co.
The Saint Petersburg to Moscow railway runs for 649.7 kilometers (403.7 mi) through four oblasts: Leningrad, Novgorod, Tver and Moscow. It is a major traffic artery in the north-west region of Russia, operated by the October Railway subdivision of Russian Railways.
Elektrichka is a Soviet and Eastern bloc commuter (regional) mostly suburban electrical multiple unit passenger train. Elektrichkas are widespread in Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the former Warsaw Pact presenting a socially vital mode of transportation. In 2007, 4085 commuter trains a day were running on the Russian Railways network alone, most of them electric. The first elektrichka train on July 6, 1926, along the Baku–Sabunchi line in Soviet Azerbaijan. Also urban (intra-city) gorodskaya elektrichkas and airport's aeroexpresses exist in a few cities of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus.
Siemens Velaro is a family of high-speed electric multiple unit trains built by Siemens. It is based on the ICE 3 high-speed trains initially co-manufactured by Siemens and Bombardier for German national rail operator Deutsche Bahn (DB).
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Okulovka is a town and the administrative center of Okulovsky District in Novgorod Oblast, Russia, located in the Valdai Hills, on the Peretna River, 140 kilometers (87 mi) east of Veliky Novgorod, the administrative center of the oblast. Population: 12,464 (2010 Census); 14,470 (2002 Census); 17,197 (1989 Soviet census).
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The CRH3 Hexie is a version of the Siemens Velaro high-speed train used in China on the Beijing–Tianjin intercity railway line, Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line, Zhengzhou-Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Line and the Shanghai–Nanjing intercity railway. It is capable of service speed of 380 km/h (236 mph) as the very similar Velaro E used in Spain, but, similarly to the Sapsan, it is 300 mm (11.8 in) wider to take advantage of a more generous structure gauge and thus be able to fit in more seats in a 2+3 layout.
High-speed rail is emerging in Russia as an increasingly popular means of transport, where it is twice as fast as the regular express trains between Moscow and Saint Petersburg.
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