Bombardier Voyager

Bombardier Voyager
Classes 220 (left) and 221 (right) at Durham, showing different bogie designs
The interior of standard class on board a Class 220 operated by CrossCountry
In service	2001–present
Manufacturer	Bombardier Transportation
Built at	Bruges, Belgium
Constructed	1999–2005
Number built	105 sets
Owners	Classes 220 & 221: Rock Rail Class 222: Eversholt Rail Group [1]
Operators	Avanti West Coast CrossCountry East Midlands Railway Grand Central
Specifications
Car body construction	Steel
Car length	23.85 m (78 ft 3 in) end cars 22.82 m (74 ft 10 in) other
Width	2.73 m (8 ft 11 in)
Maximum speed	125 mph (200 km/h)
Prime mover(s)	Cummins QSK19 19-litre 6-cylinder turbo-Diesel
Power output	750 hp (560 kW) per car
Braking system(s)	Rheostatic
Safety system(s)	AWS, TPWS
Coupling system	Dellner 12 [2]
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge

The Bombardier Voyager is a family of high-speed 125 mph diesel-electric multiple units built in Belgium by Bombardier Transportation, for service on the railway network of the United Kingdom. Construction of the Voyager family took place between 2000 and 2005, consisting of three classes - the Class 220 Voyager (currently operated by CrossCountry), the Class 221 Super Voyager (currently operated by Avanti West Coast, CrossCountry and Grand Central) and the Class 222 Meridian (currently operated by East Midlands Railway).

Bombardier Voyagers are used on various intercity services throughout Great Britain, including the longest direct rail service in the United Kingdom, which is a CrossCountry service from Aberdeen to Penzance that takes over 13 hours to complete.

Variants

Class 220

Main article: Class 220 Voyager

A Class 220 in CrossCountry livery

The Class 220 Voyager DEMUs were built to operate Cross Country intercity services. Virgin CrossCountry received 34 four-car sets in 2000/01. ^[3] All passed with the CrossCountry franchise to Arriva CrossCountry in November 2007. ^[4]

Class 221

Class 221 Super Voyager in Virgin Trains livery

Main article: Class 221 Super Voyager

The Class 221 Super Voyager DEMUs were built as a tilting version of the Class 220. Although visually similar, they were fitted with a tilting mechanism and heavier bogies. Virgin CrossCountry received 40 five-car and four four-car sets. ^[5] All passed with the CrossCountry franchise to Arriva CrossCountry in November 2007. ^[4]

With the removal of West Coast Main Line services from the CrossCountry franchise in December 2007, 16 were transferred to Virgin Trains West Coast for use on InterCity West Coast services. ^[6] A further five moved from CrossCountry to Virgin Trains West Coast in December 2008. CrossCountry removed the tilting equipment from its Class 221s to improve reliability and lower cost of maintenance. ^[7]

On 8 December 2019, all of the West Coast sets passed to Avanti West Coast, the new operator of the West Coast Partnership franchise.

Avanti West Coast sent two of their Class 221 Super Voyagers off lease in 2022. ^[8]

In 2023 Grand Central leased the above two sets to operate services between London Kings Cross and Bradford, ^[9] with the first of these two units entering service in later that year. ^[10]

Class 222

Class 222 Meridian in East Midlands Trains livery

Main article: Class 222 Meridian

The Class 222 Meridian DEMUs are broadly similar to the original Voyager units, but feature a number of reliability improvements and different internal layout.

The Class 222 was built in the light of experience gained with the 220 and 221 units; in particular, many more components were installed under the floor so as to increase space for passengers. Twenty-seven sets were built:

• Midland Mainline ordered 23 Meridians, to replace 17 Class 170 Turbostars and provide stock for a later cancelled London St Pancras to Leeds service. ^[11] Originally configured as 16 four-car seven and nine-car sets, they were later re-formed into a combination of four, five and eight-car units. ^[12] All were transferred to the new franchise holder East Midlands Trains (EMT) in November 2007. When EMT took over the franchise, it removed a car from six of its eight-car sets, to lengthen previously four-car units. The last remaining eight-car unit was reduced to five cars. ^[13] All passed with the franchise to East Midlands Railway in 2019.
• Hull Trains obtained four 4-car Class 222/1 Pioneers in 2005 to replace four Class 170 Turbostars. ^[14] These units are slightly different internally from the 222/0 Meridian trains. Following a maintenance incident and the long-term unavailability of one unit, First Hull Trains replaced its Class 222 fleet with a fleet of Class 180 Adelantes in 2009. The Class 222s were transferred to EMT for use with the rest of the Class 222 fleet. ^{[15] [16]}

Bombardier Voyager variants

Class	Image	Operator	Type	Number	Carriages	Built
Class 220		CrossCountry	DEMU	34	4	2000-01
Class 221			DEMU	4	4	2001-02
				20	5
		Avanti West Coast	DEMU	18	5	2001-02
		Grand Central		2 [9]	5	2001-02
Class 222		East Midlands Railway		23	5	2003-05
				4	7

Future

Avanti West Coast's Class 221 units will be replaced by the Class 805 ^[17] and Class 807, while all Class 222 units are scheduled to be replaced by the Class 810 ^[18] by 2024-2025.

Technical problems and criticism

• The Class 220s and 221s have been criticised for being cramped as they are designed to be able to be converted to tilting operation, since when tilted they must still fit within the loading gauge.
• Because there is one diesel engine per car, there is some underfloor noise when compared to the InterCity 125 sets and locomotive hauled trains that the units in this family replaced.
• There is very little space to store heavy luggage or bicycles. Although CrossCountry has now removed the shops from its trains to increase capacity, the bicycle compartment can now only store three instead of the original four bicycles.
• CrossCountry services formed of Classes 220 and 221 frequently have to be stopped at Exeter St Davids or Newton Abbot when waves break over the Dawlish sea wall, due to the roof mounted brake resistors.
• The trains are shorter than the trains they replaced, but increased frequency meant no change in capacity.

Accidents and incidents

• In 2006, a Class 222 unit had to be taken out of service due to a door opening in Northamptonshire on a London-Sheffield service, while the train was at speed. ^[19]
• On 26 May 2006, a passenger was murdered on board 220005 as the train pulled into Oxenholme whilst working the Glasgow to Paignton service. ^[20]
• On 14 March 2008, a fire broke out on a Voyager at Banbury. About 100 passengers were evacuated from the train. ^[21]
• On 20 April 2012, a Class 222 unit caught fire at Nottingham. The fire was caused by a buildup of grime which was heated by the movement of the train's wheels. ^[22]
• On 18 July 2018, a Voyager unit caught fire shortly after leaving Derby whilst operating a service to Glasgow Central. All 175 passengers were evacuated. ^[23]
• On 26 September 2019 an electrical explosion occurred in a vestibule on Voyager unit 221132 (coach 60982). Fortunately this was on an ECS move and occurred between the Central Rivers depot and Birmingham New Street and was discovered when the driver changed ends. ^{[24] [25]}

Proposed conversion to electrical operation

In 2010 Bombardier proposed the conversion of several Voyager multiple units into hybrid electric and diesel vehicles capable of taking power from an overhead pantograph (electro-diesels EDMUs). The proposal was named Project Thor. ^[26]

In October 2010 it was speculated that 21 additional pantograph vehicles would be manufactured at Derby Litchurch Lane Works, and 21 sets converted, at a cost of approximately £300million, ^[27] however in 2011 the plant did not have the facilities to manufacture steel carriages, ^[28] though it was expected that much of the work would take place in the UK, and provide work for the Derby plant. ^[29] In December 2011 a proposal to electrify 30-35 sets for the CrossCountry franchise, referred to as "eVoyager", was considered by the Department for Transport. ^[30]

References

1. Sherratt, Philip, ed. (2023). "ROSCO Fleets". Modern Railways: Review 2023. Stamford: Key Publishing. pp. 18–19. ISBN   978-1-80282-569-5.
2. System Data for Mechanical and Electrical Coupling of Rail Vehicles in support of GM/RT2190 (PDF). London: Rail Safety and Standards Board. 22 June 2011. p. 4. SD001. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 22 November 2022.
3. "Virgin Voyagers enter public service". The Railway Magazine . No. 1203. July 2001. p. 8.
4. "Bio-fuel under review as Virgin confirms Voyager moves". Rail Magazine . No. 575. 26 September 2007. p. 16.
5. Virgin Voyager collection complete Virgin Trains 21 October 2002
6. "New Operator's Trains". Rail Magazine . No. 508. 5 December 2007. p. 65.
7. Miles, Tony (August 2008). "CrossCountry stops tilting". Modern Railways . p. 71.
8. Holden, Michael (14 June 2022). "First two Avanti West Coast Voyager trains return to Beacon Rail". RailAdvent. Retrieved 14 June 2022.
9. "Class 221 Super Voyager". Units. Rail Express. No. 326. Horncastle: Mortons Media Group. July 2023. p. 21. ISSN   1362-234X.
10. "Our trains". Grand Central. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
11. "Midland Mainline orders fleet of Meridian Class 222s". The Railway Magazine . No. 1212. April 2002. p. 4.
12. "MML to reconfigure Meridian fleet". Today's Railways UK . No. 59. November 2006. p. 60.
13. "EMT starts Medidian reconfiguration". Today's Railways UK . No. 77. May 2008. p. 63.
14. "Hull Trains goes for Voyager-style units". The Railway Magazine . No. 1219. November 2002. p. 9.
15. "222/1s for EMT". Today's Railways UK . No. 86. February 2009. p. 57.
16. "Class 222". Eversholt Rail.
17. "Avanti West Coast confirms new trains for Holyhead and Liverpool as Class 805s and 807s". RailAdvent. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
18. 2020-10-27T10:35:00. "Aurora brand for East Midlands Railway Class 810 inter-city fleet". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
19. "RAIB Report into incident" (PDF).
20. Staff; agencies (10 November 2006). "Life sentence for train murder of student". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 11 January 2020.
21. Wilkinson, Matt (14 March 2008). "Train fire is out". Oxford Mail. Newsquest. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
22. "Nottingham railway station disrupted after engine fire". BBC News Online. 20 April 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
23. "Train evacuated near Derby after fire beneath carriage". BBC News. 18 July 2018. Retrieved 18 July 2018.
24. "Train's 'electrical explosion' probed". BBC News. 11 October 2019. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
25. "Central Rivers Equipment explosion on an empty passenger train, 26 September 2019". GOV.UK. Retrieved 4 March 2020.
26. "Transport and the economy: Memorandum from Bombardier Transportation UK Limited (TE 89)". Parliament of the United Kingdom. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2011. Project Thor, being developed with a number of UK private sector partners, would see 500 existing diesel multiple unit vehicles converted to bi-mode diesel / electric capability, allowing them to operate as electric trains where there is already electrification infrastructure in place, continuing their journey in diesel mode where the wires end.
27. "Bombardier's electrification plan presented to ministers". RailNews. Stevenage. 6 October 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
28. "Bombardier: Doubts over Derby factory's CrossCountry hopes", www.bbc.co.uk, BBC News, 16 September 2011
29. "Cross Country contract may save Derby Bombardier jobs", www.bbc.co.uk, BBC News, 11 September 2011
30. "eVoyager project costs still seen as too high by DfT", www.railnews.co.uk, Railnews Limited, 23 December 2011