| KHDRBS3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | KHDRBS3 , Etle, SALP, SLM-2, SLM2, T-STAR, TSTAR, etoile, KH domain containing, RNA binding, signal transduction associated 3, KH RNA binding domain containing, signal transduction associated 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 610421 MGI: 1313312 HomoloGene: 4780 GeneCards: KHDRBS3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KHDRBS3 gene. [4] [5] [6]
KHDRBS3 has been shown to interact with SIAH1. [7] [8]
KHDRBS3 interacts with splicing protein Sam68 and oncogene metadherin in prostate cancer cells. [9]
KHDRBS3 (T-STAR) expression has been shown to be increased in prostate cancer tissue compared to the surrounding benign tissue. [9] Expression of KHDRBS3 correlates with mpMRI signal measured through Likert score a system similar to PI-RADS. [9] While still under debate, mpMRI signal correlates with higher Gleason grade and tumour size, in addition to histopathological features associated with clinically aggressive prostate cancer. [10] [11] Expression of KHDRBS3 was increased in the failing human myocardium of heart failure patients, here KHDRBS3 protein interacted with several important mRNAs coding for sarcomere components, such as actin gamma 1 ( ACTG1 ), myosin light chain 2 ( MYL2 ), ryanodine receptor 2 ( RYR2 ), troponin I3 ( TNNI3 ), troponin T2 ( TNNT2 ), tropomyosin 1 ( TPM1 ), tropomyosin 2 ( TPM2 ), and titin ( TTN). [12]
In prostate cancer cell lines KHDRBS3 appears to be androgen regulated, with a reduction in mRNA expression occurring following addition of synthetic androgen R1881 to cells. [9]
KHDRBS3 regulates the alternative mRNA splicing of the sacromere protein titin (TTN), leading to intron retention. Overexpression of KHDRBS3 in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) increased Ca2+ transient amplitude and resulted in an increase of Fmax. [12]
RNA-binding proteins are proteins that bind to the double or single stranded RNA in cells and participate in forming ribonucleoprotein complexes. RBPs contain various structural motifs, such as RNA recognition motif (RRM), dsRNA binding domain, zinc finger and others. They are cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins. However, since most mature RNA is exported from the nucleus relatively quickly, most RBPs in the nucleus exist as complexes of protein and pre-mRNA called heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles (hnRNPs). RBPs have crucial roles in various cellular processes such as: cellular function, transport and localization. They especially play a major role in post-transcriptional control of RNAs, such as: splicing, polyadenylation, mRNA stabilization, mRNA localization and translation. Eukaryotic cells express diverse RBPs with unique RNA-binding activity and protein–protein interaction. According to the Eukaryotic RBP Database (EuRBPDB), there are 2961 genes encoding RBPs in humans. During evolution, the diversity of RBPs greatly increased with the increase in the number of introns. Diversity enabled eukaryotic cells to utilize RNA exons in various arrangements, giving rise to a unique RNP (ribonucleoprotein) for each RNA. Although RBPs have a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation in gene expression, relatively few RBPs have been studied systematically.It has now become clear that RNA–RBP interactions play important roles in many biological processes among organisms.
Tumor protein p63, typically referred to as p63, also known as transformation-related protein 63 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TP63 gene.
KH domain-containing, RNA-binding, signal transduction-associated protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KHDRBS1 gene.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HNRNPK gene. It is found in the cell nucleus that binds to pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) as a component of heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particles. The simian homolog is known as protein H16. Both proteins bind to single-stranded DNA as well as to RNA and can stimulate the activity of RNA polymerase II, the protein responsible for most gene transcription. The relative affinities of the proteins for DNA and RNA vary with solution conditions and are inversely correlated, so that conditions promoting strong DNA binding result in weak RNA binding.
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase SIAH1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the SIAH1 gene.
Low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ACP1 gene.
Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRPF8 gene.
Transformer-2 protein homolog beta, also known as TRA2B previously known as splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 10 (SFRS10), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRA2B gene.
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein G is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBMX gene.
Splicing factor 1 also known as zinc finger protein 162 (ZFM162) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SF1 gene.
Probable ATP-dependent RNA helicase DDX20, also known as DEAD-box helicase 20 and gem-associated protein 3 (GEMIN3), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the DDX20 gene.
Splicing factor, arginine/serine-rich 9, also known as SFRS9, is a human gene encoding an SR protein involved in splice site selection in alternative splicing.
Annexin A7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANXA7 gene.
Protein UXT also known as androgen receptor trapped clone 27 (ART-27) protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UXT gene.
YTH domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the YTHDC1 gene. YTHDC1 is a nuclear protein involved in splice site selection that localises to YT bodies; dynamic subnuclear compartments, which first appear at the beginning of S-phase in the cell cycle and disperse during mitosis.
Quaking homolog, KH domain RNA binding (mouse), also known as QKI, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the QKI gene.
RNA-binding motif protein, Y chromosome, family 1 member A1/C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBMY1A1 gene.
Target of rapamycin complex 2 subunit MAPKAP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAPKAP1 gene. As the name indicates, it is a subunit of mTOR complex 2.
mRNA-decapping enzyme 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCP1A gene.
Metadherin, also known as protein LYRIC or astrocyte elevated gene-1 protein (AEG-1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTDH gene.
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