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Romanization | Aishinkakura Kosei |
Kosei Fukunaga (福永嫮生,Fukunaga Kosei) (born Aisin-Gioro Husheng;13 March 1940),better known simply as Husheng or Kosei,is a Manchu-Japanese noblewoman. She was born in the Aisin Gioro clan,the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty. She is the younger daughter of Pujie,the younger brother of the last Chinese Emperor Xuantong,and her mother was Hiro Saga,a Japanese noblewoman who was distantly related to Emperor Shōwa.
She was born Aisin-Gioro Husheng at Juntendo University Hospital in Tokyo,Japan on 13 March 1940 to Pujie and Hiro Saga. Her elder sister was Huisheng who was born earlier in Xinjing,Manchukuo in 1938. In June of the same year,her family moved back to Xinjing.
Following the surrender of Japan,during the Evacuation of Manchukuo in the midst of the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in August 1945,Husheng's uncle Puyi planned for the imperial family members including Empress Wanrong,Li Yuqin and Husheng herself to escape to Korea by train,they first departed for Dalizi .
While they were at Dalizi,her uncle asked her mother Saga to oversee the imperial family members and provided her with precious antiques and cash to pay for their way south to Korea. Following which,her father and uncle left with a servant,former Kwantung Army General Yoshioka Yasunori,and a doctor to Tonghua,where they took a small plane to an airport in Mukden to wait for another plane bound for Japan.
In November,Saga's group was briefly held by two Soviet officers who asked to see the Empress. The group later moved from Dalizi to settle in a hotel in Linjiang county to pass the winter. In January 1946 they were discovered and captured by the Chinese Communist Eighth Route Army under He Changgong. In April,they were moved to and held at a police station in Changchun while Li Yuqin was returned to her family.
When the Kuomintang forces bombed Jilin in May,they were moved to a prison in Yanji. In June,they were moved to Mudanjiang,having to leave Wanrong behind at Yanji prison where she eventually died of malnutrition and opium withdrawal on 20 June. Saga,Husheng,and the imperial members were moved again and imprisoned in Kiamusze,and were released in July. By January 1947,Saga and Husheng were repatriated to Japan.
Back in Japan,they were reunited with Huisheng and stayed at their maternal grandfather Marquis Saneto Saga's house. Husheng and her elder sister Huisheng were educated at various prestigious private schools,including the Gakushūin in Tokyo. During that period,Huisheng and her lover died at Mount Amagi on 10 December 1957 in what appeared to be a murder-suicide case.
In November 1960,her father Pujie was released from Fushun War Criminals Management Centre at Fushun,Liaoning following the pardon by the Chinese government and joined the Communist Party. Husheng,who had not seen her father for 16 years,traveled to China with her mother the following year to visit him. Her parents were then reunited and settled in Beijing,while Husheng returned to Japan and became a Japanese citizen through naturalization. Later in 1963,Husheng traveled to China again and stayed with her parents for one year before returning to Japan. [1]
In 1968,Husheng married Kenji Fukunaga (福永健治,Fukunaga Kenji),the second son of the Fukunaga family who had deep acquaintance with the Saga family,in Kobe,Hyōgo Prefecture and she changed her name to Kosei Fukunaga. The couple have five children. [2] [3]
Fukunaga has promoted friendly relations between China and Japan. She currently lives in Nishinomiya,Hyōgo Prefecture.
In 2013,she donated her deceased parents' letters and belongings to Kwansei Gakuin University. [4]
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Puyi was the last emperor of China, reigning as the eleventh and final monarch of the Qing dynasty. He became emperor at the age of two in 1908, but was forced to abdicate in 1912 as a result of the Xinhai Revolution at the age of six. During his first reign, he was known as the Xuantong Emperor, with his era name meaning "proclamation of unity".
Yoshiko Kawashima, born Aisin Gioro Xianyu, was a Qing dynasty princess of the Aisin-Gioro clan. She was raised in Japan and served as a spy for the Japanese Kwantung Army and Manchukuo during the Second Sino-Japanese War. She is sometimes known in fiction under the pseudonym "Eastern Mata Hari". After the war, She was captured, tried, and executed as a traitor by the Nationalist government of the Republic of China. She was also a notable descendant of Hooge, eldest son of Hong Taiji.
The House of Aisin-Gioro is a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as chiefs of the Jianzhou Jurchens, one of the three major Jurchen tribes at this time. Qing bannermen passed through the gates of the Great Wall in 1644, and eventually conquered the short-lived Shun dynasty, Xi dynasty and Southern Ming dynasty. After gaining total control of China proper, the Qing dynasty later expanded into other adjacent regions, including Xinjiang, Tibet, Outer Mongolia, and Taiwan. The dynasty reached its zenith during the High Qing era and under the Qianlong Emperor, who reigned from 1735 to 1796. This reign was followed by a century of gradual decline.
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Pujie was a Qing dynasty imperial prince of the Aisin-Gioro. Pujie was the younger brother of Puyi, the last Emperor of China. After the fall of the Qing dynasty, Pujie went to Japan, where he was educated and married to Hiro Saga, a Japanese noblewoman. In 1937, he moved to Manchukuo, where his brother ruled as Emperor under varying degrees of Japanese control during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945). After the war ended, Pujie was captured by Soviet forces, held in Soviet prison camps for five years, and then extradited back to the People's Republic of China, where he was incarcerated for about 10 years in the Fushun War Criminals Management Centre. He was later pardoned and released from prison by the Chinese government, after which he remained in Beijing where he joined the Communist Party and served in a number of positions in the party until his death in 1994.
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Yuyan (1918–1997), courtesy name Yanrui, nickname Xiaoruizi, was a Chinese calligrapher of Manchu descent. He was a member of the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty. He claimed that he was appointed by Puyi, the last Emperor of China, as the heir to the throne. His claim is the subject of the travel adventure book The Empty Throne by British journalist Tony Scotland.
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Aisin-Gioro Huisheng, better known simply as Huisheng or Eisei, was a Manchu-Japanese noblewoman. She was born in the Aisin Gioro clan, the imperial clan of the Qing dynasty. She was the elder daughter of Pujie, the younger brother of Puyi, the last emperor of China. Her mother was Hiro Saga, a Japanese noblewoman who married Pujie in 1937.
Zaiyi, better known by his title Prince Duan, was a Manchu prince and statesman of the late Qing dynasty. He is best known as one of the leaders of the Boxer Rebellion of 1899–1901.
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Aisin-Gioro Ulhicun is a Chinese linguist of Manchu ethnicity who is known for her studies of the Manchu, Jurchen and Khitan languages and scripts. She is also known as a historian of the Liao and Jin dynasties. Her works include a grammar of Manchu (1983), a dictionary of Jurchen (2003), and a study of Khitan memorial inscriptions (2005), as well as various studies on the phonology and grammar of the Khitan language.
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