Kunda, Estonia

Last updated
Kunda
Town
Kunda, tovarna.jpg
Kunda, domy v centru.jpg
Kunda 1.jpg
Kunda hydroelectric station.jpg
Kunda, nova tovarna.jpg
From left to right, clockwise: A cement factory, apartment buildings, the ruins of an old cement factory, a pulp mill, a hydroelectric power plant
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Kunda
Location of Kunda in the Baltic Sea region
Estonia relief map (2005-2017).png
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Kunda
Location in Estonia
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Kunda
Location in Europe
Coordinates: 59°30′N26°32′E / 59.500°N 26.533°E / 59.500; 26.533
Country Estonia
County Lääne-Viru County
Municipality Viru-Nigula Parish
City statusMay 1, 1938
Area
 • Total9.85 km2 (3.80 sq mi)
Population
 (2021) [1]
 • Total2,865
 • Rank 29th
 • Density290/km2 (750/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST) UTC+3 (EEST)

Kunda is a town in the Viru-Nigula Parish of Estonia, located on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. Kunda is best known for its cement factory, port, and archaeological heritage. [2]

Contents

History

Evidence of some of the oldest prehistoric communities in Estonia—hunting, and fishing communities that existed around 6500 BC—were found near Kunda. This settlement gave the name to the Kunda culture.

The first written record of Kunda dates back to 1241, when it was mentioned as a village. In 1443 it was mentioned as a manor. [3]

Kunda was granted official borough rights on May 1, 1938.

Demographics

Ethnic composition 1922-2021
Ethnicity 1922 [4] 1934 [5] 1941 [6] 1959 [7] 1970 [8] 1979 [9] 1989 [9] 2000 [10] 2011 [11] 2021 [12]
amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%amount%
Estonians 210291.0172892.8143397.5276873.3340065.1294561.0251349.9228358.6217663.6204368.2
Russians 974.20774.13251.70--144227.6146830.4203740.4127832.8104130.480226.8
Ukrainians --00.00----1182.261342.781663.30--822.40551.84
Belarusians --------951.82921.91831.65--340.99260.87
Finns --90.4820.14--1021.951062.201042.06--371.08260.87
Jews 00.0000.0000.00--30.0620.0420.04--20.0600.00
Latvians --00.0010.07--20.04110.2340.08--50.1550.17
Germans 733.16331.77------40.0870.14--70.2030.10
Tatars --00.00------100.21130.26--10.0330.10
Poles --10.0500.00----140.29130.26--60.1850.17
Lithuanians --00.0000.00--80.1570.14140.28--110.3270.23
unknown10.0400.0030.2000.0000.0000.0000.00120.3110.0330.10
other371.60150.8150.34100826.7561.07350.72811.613268.36190.56210.70
Total2310100186310014691003776100522610048281005037100389910034221002997100.08

International relations

Twin towns — Sister cities

The former municipality of Kunda was twinned with:

Climate

Climate data for Kunda, Estonia (normals 1991–2020, extremes 1849–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)9.6
(49.3)		11.1
(52.0)		15.8
(60.4)		27.6
(81.7)		33.1
(91.6)		34.1
(93.4)		33.9
(93.0)		34.4
(93.9)		29.0
(84.2)		21.2
(70.2)		13.7
(56.7)		11.8
(53.2)		34.4
(93.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)−1
(30)		−1.2
(29.8)		2.6
(36.7)		8.8
(47.8)		14.7
(58.5)		18.9
(66.0)		21.8
(71.2)		20.9
(69.6)		16.1
(61.0)		9.5
(49.1)		4.0
(39.2)		0.9
(33.6)		9.7
(49.5)
Daily mean °C (°F)−3.3
(26.1)		−4.0
(24.8)		−0.8
(30.6)		4.4
(39.9)		9.8
(49.6)		14.4
(57.9)		17.5
(63.5)		16.5
(61.7)		12.2
(54.0)		6.7
(44.1)		1.9
(35.4)		−1.1
(30.0)		6.2
(43.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−5.7
(21.7)		−6.7
(19.9)		−4
(25)		0.8
(33.4)		5.3
(41.5)		10.1
(50.2)		13.2
(55.8)		12.4
(54.3)		8.6
(47.5)		4.0
(39.2)		−0.2
(31.6)		−3.2
(26.2)		2.9
(37.2)
Record low °C (°F)−33.1
(−27.6)		−34.9
(−30.8)		−27.7
(−17.9)		−19
(−2)		−5.3
(22.5)		−0.2
(31.6)		2.9
(37.2)		2.7
(36.9)		−3.4
(25.9)		−10.6
(12.9)		−19.7
(−3.5)		−34.9
(−30.8)		−34.9
(−30.8)
Average precipitation mm (inches)38
(1.5)		29
(1.1)		27
(1.1)		29
(1.1)		41
(1.6)		68
(2.7)		61
(2.4)		76
(3.0)		54
(2.1)		61
(2.4)		52
(2.0)		38
(1.5)		573
(22.6)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm)10.07.57.06.56.39.58.610.59.311.910.510.1107.7
Average relative humidity (%)87858075727678808183868681
Source 1: Estonian Weather Service [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]
Source 2: NOAA/NCEI (precipitation day, 1991-2020) [19]

Notable people

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References

  1. ↑ "Population by sex, age group and place of residence after the 2017 administrative reform, 1 January". Statistics Estonia. Retrieved 2021-12-26.
  2. ↑ Kirss, Odette (1980). Kunda (in Estonian). Tallinn: Eesti Raamat. p. 5.
  3. ↑ "Kunda". Eesti Entsüklopeedia. Retrieved 28 January 2022.
  4. ↑ 1922 a. üldrahvalugemise andmed. Vihk IV, Viru maakond (tabelid). Eesti riikline statistika (in Estonian and French). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1924. pp. 12–13. hdl:10062/4451.
  5. ↑ Rahvastiku koostis ja korteriolud. 1.III 1934 rahvaloenduse andmed. Vihk II (in Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1935. pp. 47–53. hdl:10062/4439.
  6. ↑ Eesti Statistika : kuukiri 1942-03/04 (in German and Estonian). Tallinn: Riigi Statistika Keskbüroo. 1942. pp. 66–67.
  7. ↑ Katus, Kalev; Puur, Allan; Põldma, Asta; Sakkeus, Luule (1996). Rahvastiku ühtlusarvutatud sündmus- ja loendusstatistika: Lääne-Virumaa 1965-1990. Sari C (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Eesti Kõrgkoolidevaheline Demouuringute Keskus. pp. 31–32. ISBN   9985-820-21-5.
  8. ↑ Население районов, городов и поселков городского типа Эстонской ССР : по данным Всесоюзной переписи населения на 15 января 1970 года (in Russian). Tallinn: Eesti NSV Statistika Keskvalitsus. 1972. p. 78.
  9. 1 2 Eesti Vabariigi maakondade, linnade ja alevite rahvastik: 1989. a. rahvaloenduse andmed: statistikakogumik. 1. osa: Rahvaarv rahvuse, perekonnaseisu, hariduse ja elatusallikate järgi. Tallinn: Statistikaamet. 1990. pp. 30, 35. ISBN   978-9949-71-932-7.
  10. ↑ 2000. aasta rahva ja eluruumide loendus (PDF) (in Estonian and English). Tallinn: Statistikaamet. 2001. p. 81. ISBN   9985-74-167-6.
  11. ↑ "RL0429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2011". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
  12. ↑ "RL21429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA (HALDUSÜKSUS) JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2021". Estonian Statistical Database (in Estonian).
  13. ↑ "International co-operation of Gdynia". Gdynia.pl. Archived from the original on 2016-10-19.
  14. ↑ "Climate normals-Temperature". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  15. ↑ "Climate normals-Precipitation". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  16. ↑ "Climate normals-Humidity". Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  17. ↑ "Rekordid" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Retrieved 19 March 2021.
  18. ↑ "Kliimanormid-Sademed, õhuniiskus" (in Estonian). Estonian Weather Service. Archived from the original on 22 February 2012. Retrieved 24 February 2021.
  19. ↑ "Kunda Climate Normals 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
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