In molecular biology, biosynthesis is a multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed process where substrates are converted into more complex products in living organisms. In biosynthesis, simple compounds are modified, converted into other compounds, or joined to form macromolecules. This process often consists of metabolic pathways. Some of these biosynthetic pathways are located within a single cellular organelle, while others involve enzymes that are located within multiple cellular organelles. Examples of these biosynthetic pathways include the production of lipid membrane components and nucleotides. Biosynthesis is usually synonymous with anabolism.
Translocase is a general term for a protein that assists in moving another molecule, usually across a cell membrane. These enzymes catalyze the movement of ions or molecules across membranes or their separation within membranes. The reaction is designated as a transfer from “side 1” to “side 2” because the designations “in” and “out”, which had previously been used, can be ambiguous. Translocases are the most common secretion system in Gram positive bacteria.
Phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine cyclo-ligase is the fifth enzyme in the de novo synthesis of purine nucleotides. It catalyzes the reaction to form 5-aminoimidazole ribotide (AIR) from formylglycinamidine-ribonucleotide FGAM. This reaction closes the ring and produces a 5-membered imidazole ring of the purine nucleus (AIR):
In enzymology, an aerobactin synthase (EC 6.3.2.39) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an asparaginyl-tRNA synthase (glutamine-hydrolysing) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a D-alanine—D-alanine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a dihydrofolate synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a diphthine—ammonia ligase (EC 6.3.1.14, diphthamide synthase, diphthamide synthetase) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a formate—tetrahydrofolate ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutamate-putrescine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a glutathionylspermidine synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a homoglutathione synthase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, an indoleacetate—lysine synthetase (EC 6.3.2.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In molecular biology, the protein domain SAICAR synthase is an enzyme which catalyses a reaction to create SAICAR. In enzymology, this enzyme is also known as phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase. It is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a tubulin—tyrosine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramate—L-alanine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine—D-glutamate ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamate—L-lysine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
In enzymology, a UDP-N-acetylmuramoyl-tripeptide—D-alanyl-D-alanine ligase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
(Butirosin acyl-carrier protein)—L-glutamate ligase is an enzyme with systematic name (BtrI acyl-carrier protein):L-glutamate ligase (ADP-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction
