| LRRC74A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | LRRC74A , C14orf166B, LRRC74, leucine rich repeat containing 74A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | MGI: 3646959 HomoloGene: 19331 GeneCards: LRRC74A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wikidata | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 74A (LRRC74A), is a protein encoded by the LRRC74A gene. The protein LRRC74A (aliases C14orf166B, 14q24.3) is localized in the cytoplasm. It has a calculated molecular weight of approximately 55 kDa. [5] The LRRC74A protein is nominally expressed in the testis, salivary gland, and pancreas. [6]
The LRRC74A gene, also known as C14orf166B, is located on the positive-sense strand of locus 14q24.3. The full unspliced gene contains 17 exons. [7] LRRC74A spans from 76,826,408 to 76,870,304 for a total length of 43.9 kpb. [8]
LRRC74A has four transcript variants. The most abundant variant is LRRC74A transcript variant 1, which is 1710 nucleotides in length. [7]
| Accession number | Transcript length | Number of exons | Protein length | Isoform |
| NM_194287.3 | 1710 | 14 | 488 | 1 |
| NM_001322426.2 | 1861 | 5 | 471 | 2 |
| NM_001105519.3 | 718 | 4 | 201 | 3 |
| NM_001105519.3 | 718 | 4 | 201 | 4 |
The LRRC74A protein is 488 amino acids in length with a predicted molecular weight of 55 kDA and an isoelectric point of 5.22. [9] It has higher than normal levels of methionine and asparagine. [10]
The LRRC74A protein contains eight leucine-rich repeat domains in its sequence. [11] LRRC74A isoform 1 secondary structure is made up of alternating alpha helices and beta sheets. [12] Tertiary structure predictions show a horseshoe-shaped protein with high similarity to ribonuclease inhibitor [13]
LRRC74A has four splice isoforms. The most abundant isoform is LRRC74A protein isoform 1 which is 488 amino acids in length. [7]
| Name | Transcript variant | Peptide length | Domains present |
|---|---|---|---|
| Isoform 1 | 1 | 488 aa | 8 LRR domains |
| Isoform 2 | 2 | 471 aa | 6 LRR domains |
| Isoform 3 | 3 | 464 aa | 6 LRR domains |
| Isoform 4 | 4 | 427 aa | 7 LRR domains |
LRRC74A has overall low levels of expression compared to other proteins but within the tissues it is expressed in, it appears most prominently in the testes, salivary gland, and pancreas. [7] Within the cell, LRRC74A is localized to the cytosol. [15]
The 5' UTR of LRRC74A transcript variant 1 is 91 bp in length. [16] Analysis of potential folding structures identifies two possible stemloop structures. [17]
The 3' UTR is 158 bp in length and contains one polyadenylation signal. [16] It contains four predicted stemloop structures, with three loops closer to the 5' end of the UTR and one loop closer to the 3' end of the UTR.
The human LRRC74A gene has one paralog called LRRC74B. It is located at 22q11.21 [18]
LRRC74A has orthologs in species as distant as tunicates. Mammalian orthologs are moderately similar to human LRRC74A, with percent similarity greater than 80%. Orthologs in reptiles, birds and amphibians range from 65% to 40%. In fish and invertebrates, identity ranges from 40% to 20%. No orthologs were found in fungi, bacteria or plants.
| Genus species | Common name | Taxonomic order | Estimated date of divergence (MYA) | Accession number | Sequence length (aa) | Sequence identity (%) | Sequence similarity (%) | |
| Mammalia | Homo sapiens | Human | Primates | 0 | NP_919263.2 | 488 | 100 | 100 |
| Mus musculus | Mouse | Rodentia | 87 | NP_001182696.1 | 487 | 65.7 | 77.4 | |
| Gulo gulo | Wolverine | Carnivora | 94 | KAI5767761.1 | 488 | 74.6 | 86.3 | |
| Ursus maritimus | Polar bear | Carnivora | 94 | XP_040497188.1 | 548 | 60.6 | 70.6 | |
| Balaenoptera musculus | Blue whale | Artiodactyla | 94 | XP_036697954.1 | 482 | 68.9 | 80.1 | |
| Gracilinanus agilia | Agile gracile opossum | Marsupialia | 106 | XP_044518037.1 | 468 | 52.5 | 71.5 | |
| Aves | Gallus gallus | Chicken | Galliformes | 319 | XP_040528719.1 | 476 | 42.8 | 60.9 |
| Melopsittacus undulatus | Budgerigar | Psittaciformes | 319 | XP_005149032.1 | 494 | 46.4 | 64.6 | |
| Aquila chrysaetos | Golden eagle | Accipitriformes | 319 | XP_029863093.1 | 492 | 46 | 62.1 | |
| Phaethon lepturus | White-tailed tropicbird | Phaethontiformes | 319 | XP_010285698.1 | 478 | 44.3 | 61.5 | |
| Reptilia | Pelodiscus sinensis | Chinese softshell turtle | Testudines | 319 | XP_025037771.1 | 486 | 49.5 | 68 |
| Pogona vitticeps | Central bearded dragon | Squamata | 319 | XP_020649579.1 | 483 | 48 | 64.5 | |
| Notechis scutatus | Tiger snake | Squamata | 319 | XP_026520078.1 | 491 | 45.2 | 61.9 | |
| Amphibia | Geotrypetes seraphini | Gaboon caecilian | Gymnophiona | 353 | XP_033809167.1 | 540 | 35.6 | 50.3 |
| Bufo bufo | Common toad | Anura | 353 | XP_040268304.1 | 536 | 34.5 | 51.4 | |
| Fish | Latimeria chalumnae | West Indian Ocean coelacanth | Latimeriidae | 414 | XP_014341482.1 | 456 | 47.5 | 66.2 |
| Lepisosteus oculatus | Spotted gar | Lepisosteiformes | 431 | XP_015205589.1 | 450 | 42 | 62.5 | |
| Salmo salar | Atlantic salmon | Salmoniformes | 431 | XP_045549789.1 | 648 | 32.3 | 45.1 | |
| Carcharodon carcharias | Great white shark | Chondrichthyes | 464 | XP_041070161.1 | 727 | 24 | 37.4 | |
| Petromyzon marinus | Sea lamprey | Agnatha | 510 | XP_032820627.1 | 510 | 32.1 | 49.6 | |
| Invertebrata | Ciona intestinalis | Vase tunicate | Enterogona | 603 | XP_002120047.1 | 661 | 24.5 | 40.6 |
The LRRC74A gene appears most distantly in tunicates which diverged from humans approximately 603 million years ago. [19] Orthologs of LRRC74A and LRRC74B also occur in tunicates. LRRC74A evolves at a moderately fast rate; a 1% change in amino acid sequence required around 10 million years. Based on sequence similarity of orthologs, LRRC74A evolves at a rate in the middle of cytochrome c and fibrinogen alpha.
A GWAS evaluating genetic mutations and clinical outcomes of patients who contracted COVID-19 found that a mutation in the LRRC74A gene was associated with higher mortality rates in infected patients, with the mutation being 7.4% more prevalent in deceased patients than living patients. [20]
Leucine rich repeat containing 24 is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the LRRC24 gene. The protein is represented by the official symbol LRRC24, and is alternatively known as LRRC14OS. The function of LRRC24 is currently unknown. It is a member of the leucine-rich repeat (LRR) superfamily of proteins.
Leucine-rich repeats and IQ motif containing 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRRIQ1 gene. The protein is likely a nuclear encoding mitochondrial protein and is found in all Metazoans.
PRR29 is a protein encoded by the PRR29 gene located in humans on chromosome 17 at 17q23.
Transmembrane Protein 176B, or TMEM176B is a transmembrane protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM176B gene. It is thought to play a role in the process of maturation of dendritic cells.
BEND2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BEND2 gene. It is also found in other vertebrates, including mammals, birds, and reptiles. The expression of BEND2 in Homo sapiens is regulated and occurs at high levels in the skeletal muscle tissue of the male testis and in the bone marrow. The presence of the BEN domains in the BEND2 protein indicates that this protein may be involved in chromatin modification and regulation.
Chromosome 21 Open Reading Frame 58 (C21orf58) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C21orf58 gene.
Chromosome 9 open reading frame 50 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the C9orf50 gene. C9orf50 has one other known alias, FLJ35803. In humans the gene coding sequence is 10,051 base pairs long, transcribing an mRNA of 1,624 bases that encodes a 431 amino acid protein.
Proline-rich protein 16 (PRR16) is a protein coding gene in Homo sapiens. The protein is known by the alias Largen.
WD Repeat and Coiled-coiled containing protein (WDCP) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the WDCP gene. The function of the protein is not completely understood, but WDCP has been identified in a fusion protein with anaplastic lymphoma kinase found in colorectal cancer. WDCP has also been identified in the MRN complex, which processes double-stranded breaks in DNA.
Leucine rich single-pass membrane protein 2 is a single-pass membrane protein rich in leucine, that in humans is encoded by the LSMEM2 gene. The LSMEM2 protein is conserved in mammals, birds, and reptiles. In humans, LSMEM2 is found to be highly expressed in the heart, skeletal muscle and tongue.
TMEM275 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TMEM275 gene. TMEM275 has two, highly-conserved, helical trans-membrane regions. It is predicted to reside within the plasma membrane or the endoplasmic reticulum's membrane.
C2orf74, also known as LOC339804, is a protein encoding gene located on the short arm of chromosome 2 near position 15 (2p15). Isoform 1 of the gene is 19,713 base pairs long. C2orf74 has orthologs in 135 different species, including primarily placental mammals and some marsupials.
The FAM214B, also known as protein family with sequence similarity 214, B (FAM214B) is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the FAM214B gene located on the human chromosome 9. The protein has 538 amino acids. The gene contain 9 exon. There has been studies that there are low expression of this gene in patients with major depression disorder. In most organisms such as mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and birds, there are high levels of gene expression in the bone marrow and blood. For humans in fetal development, FAM214B is mostly expressed in the brains and bone marrow.
FAM120AOS, or family with sequence similarity 120A opposite strand, codes for uncharacterized protein FAM120AOS, which currently has no known function. The gene ontology describes the gene to be protein binding. Overall, it appears that the thyroid and the placenta are the two tissues with the highest expression levels of FAM120AOS across a majority of datasets.
Family with sequence 98, member C or FAM98C is a gene that encodes for FAM98C has two aliases FLJ44669 and hypothetical protein LOC147965. FAM98C has two paralogs in humans FAM98A and FAM98B. FAM98C can be characterized for being a Leucine-rich protein. The function of FAM98C is still not defined. FAM98C has orthologs in mammals, reptiles, and amphibians and has a distant orhtologs in Rhinatrema bivittatum and Nanorana parkeri.
Family with Sequence Similarity 166, member C (FAM166C), is a protein encoded by the FAM166C gene. The protein FAM166C is localized in the nucleus. It has a calculated molecular weight of 23.29 kDa. It also contains DUF2475, a protein of unknown function from amino acid 19–85. The FAM166C protein is nominally expressed in the testis, stomach, and thyroid.
Zinc Finger Protein 548 (ZNF548) is a human protein encoded by the ZNF548 gene which is located on chromosome 19. It is found in the nucleus and is hypothesized to play a role in the regulation of transcription by RNA Polymerase II. It belongs to the Krüppel C2H2-type zinc-finger protein family as it contains many zinc-finger repeats.
THAP domain-containing protein 3 (THAP3) is a protein that, in Homo sapiens (humans), is encoded by the THAP3 gene. The THAP3 protein is as known as MGC33488, LOC90326, and THAP domain-containing, apoptosis associated protein 3. This protein contains the Thanatos-associated protein (THAP) domain and a host-cell factor 1C binding motif. These domains allow THAP3 to influence a variety of processes, including transcription and neuronal development. THAP3 is ubiquitously expressed in H. sapiens, though expression is highest in the kidneys.
NADP Dependent Oxidoreductase Domain Containing 1 (NOXRED1) is a human protein encoded by the gene NADP-Dependent Oxidoreductase Domain Containing 1 (NOXRED1). An alias of this gene is Chromosome 14 Open Reading Frame 148 (c14orf148). This gene is located on chromosome 14, at 14q24.3. NOXRED1 is predicted to be involved in pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase activity as part of the L-proline biosynthetic pathway. It is expressed in a wide variety of tissues at a relatively low level, including the testes, thyroid, skin, small intestine, brain, kidney, colon, and more.
Chromosome 13 Open Reading Frame 46 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the C13orf46 gene. In humans, C13orf46 is ubiquitously expressed at low levels in tissues, including the lungs, stomach, prostate, spleen, and thymus. This gene encodes eight alternatively spliced mRNA transcript, which produce five different protein isoforms.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link){{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)