Lancet letter (COVID-19)

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The Lancet letter (also referred to as Calisher et al. 2020) was a statement made in support of scientists and medical professionals in China fighting the outbreak of COVID-19, and condemning theories suggesting that the virus does not have a natural origin, which it referred to as "conspiracy theories". [1] [2] The letter was published in The Lancet on February 19, 2020, and signed by 27 prominent scientists, gaining a further 20,000 signatures in a Change.org petition. [3] [4] The letter generated significant controversy over the alleged conflicts of interest of its authors, and the chilling effect it had on scientists proposing that the COVID-19 lab leak theory be investigated. [5] [6] [7]

Contents

Background

From the early outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, rumors and speculation arose about the possible lab origins of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease. Different versions of the lab origin hypothesis present different scenarios in which a bat-borne progenitor of SARS-COV-2 may have spilled over to humans, including a laboratory-acquired infection of a natural or engineered virus. Some early rumors focused on the deliberate leak of a virus as a bioweapon or accidental leak of an engineered virus. Some signatories of the Lancet letter, such as Stanley Perlman and Linda Saif, said they were focused on dispelling these rumours, though the letter did not make this distinguishment, as Daszak insisted on a "broad statement". [8]

Reception

Critical commentary

According to journalist Paul Thacker, the Lancet letter "helped to guide almost a year of reporting, as journalists helped to amplify Daszak's message and to silence scientific and public debate." This affected reporting on the origins of the virus, "characterising the lab leak theory as unworthy of serious consideration". [9]

In an interview with The Wall Street Journal , social scientist Filippa Lentzos said that the letter's conclusion was premature, saying that some scientists "closed ranks", fearing for their careers and grants. [9]

The letter was criticized by media commentator Jamie Metzl for "scientific propaganda and thuggery". [10] Metzel wrote to Lancet editor Richard Horton to flag Daszak's conflict of interest, but received no response. [11] Horton later responded in a UK parliament session. [12] Horton said to the committee "We trust authors to be honest with us and authors trust us to deal with their work confidentially and appropriately. Sometimes that system breaks down, and in this particular case Peter Daszak should certainly have declared his competing interests right at the beginning." [13]

Journalist Katherine Eban wrote in Vanity Fair that the letter had a "chilling effect" on scientific research and the scientific community by implying that scientists who "bring up the lab-leak theory ... are doing the work of conspiracy theorists". The letter was deemed to have "effectively ended the debate over COVID-19's origins before it began". Further criticism of the letter was focused on the fact that, according to emails obtained through FOIA, members involved in producing the letter concealed their involvement "to create the impression of scientific unanimity" and failed to disclose conflicts. [5]

Nicholas Wade, a former New York Times science writer, wrote in the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists that "Contrary to the letter writers' assertion, the idea that the virus might have escaped from a lab invoked accident, not conspiracy." Wade opined that the signatories of the Lancet letter behaved as "poor scientists" for "assuring the public of facts they could not know for sure were true." [14]

Rutgers professor Richard Ebright noted that the conflicts of interest involving virologists denying that the pandemic could have come from a laboratory in Wuhan were "simply unprecedented." [15]

According to Politico, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs David Stilwell was shocked by the letter and its complete dismissal the lab leak possibility, saying that it was apparent that "the science world was not playing above board." [16]

In November 2020, David Relman published an opinion piece in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pointing out that "origin story" of the virus was still missing key details and that an objective analysis necessitated "addressing some uncomfortable possibilities," including an accidental release from a laboratory. [17] [18] When asked by UnDark why he thought Daszak and others pushed so strongly against the possibility of a lab leak, Relman said they may have wanted to "deflect perceptions of their work as endangering humankind". [8]

Signatories' statements

According to The Wall Street Journal, three signatories' said that upon further reflection, they thought a laboratory accident was plausible enough to merit consideration. Bernard Roizman is reported to have said "I'm convinced that what happened is that the virus was brought to a lab, they started to work with it…and some sloppy individual brought it out". [19]

In June 2021, ABC News reported Calisher had "completely changed his position", saying he believes that "there is too much coincidence" to ignore the lab-leak theory and that "it is more likely that it came out of that lab." [20]

In an email to Undark Magazine, Stanley Perlman wrote that versions of the lab leak idea differed in whether they posited the virus was engineered in a lab before leaking, explaining that the Lancet letter focused more on engineering. [21]

In an interview with the Süddeutsche Zeitung in February 2022, Christian Drosten said that had the experiments being done at the laboratory in Wuhan been disclosed by those involved, he would have "at least asked questions" before signing the letter. [22]

Lancet response

Addendum

Following criticisms from the public that Daszak had failed to disclose certain relationships, The Lancet published an addendum, saying "There may be differences in opinion as to what constitutes a competing interest." It also invited Daszak and other authors of the letter to amend their competing interest statements. Daszak amended his statement to describe the research he has done in southeast Asia, with various different institutions including the Wuhan Institute of Virology. Daszak also recused himself from The Lancet's COVID-19 origins inquiry. [23] [24] [25] [15]

Second letter

Following the addendum to the first letter, the authors of the first letter published a second letter, reaffirming their view that the pandemic has natural origins. The letter asserted that "careful and transparent collection of scientific information" on every potential hypothesis,[ citation needed ] but that they believe it unlikely that the virus leaked from a lab. William B. Karesh, Peter Palese, and Bernard Roizman, who signed the first letter, did not sign the second letter. [26] [27]

Stanley Perlman, who signed both letters, said the original letter addressed the lab leak bioengineering scenario only and that the second letter addresses the scenario where a natural virus was accidentally released. [28]

Counterstatements

Science Magazine

In May 2021, a group of 18 prominent scientists published a letter in Science Magazine saying "We must take hypotheses about both natural and laboratory spillovers seriously until we have sufficient data" and that "theories of accidental release from a lab and zoonotic spillover both remain viable." [8] [29] [30] [31] [32] [33] The letter also criticized the WHO report on covid origins for dismissing the lab-leak theory. [34]

The Lancet

In September 2021, The Lancet published a letter from a group of 16 virologists, biologists, and biosecurity specialists saying that more evidence is needed before any definitive conclusions on the origins question and calling for further investigations into a lab leak. The letter stressed that "Research-related hypotheses are not misinformation or conjecture" and that "Scientific journals should open their columns to in-depth analyses of all hypotheses." [35] [36] [37] The Times of India described The Lancet's decision to publish the letter as a "u-turn". [38]

National Academy of Sciences

The US National Academy of Sciences said that the search should be "guided by scientific principles" that would consider multiple scenarios for the origin of the pandemic. [39]

In an interview with The Washington Post, Marcia McNutt said scientists open to the possibility of a laboratory accident should not be labeled conspiracy theorists. [40]

See also

Related Research Articles

<i>The Lancet</i> Peer-reviewed general medical journal

The Lancet is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind. It is also one of the world's highest-impact academic journal. It was founded in England in 1823.

EcoHealth Alliance is a US-based non-governmental organization with a stated mission of protecting people, animals, and the environment from emerging infectious diseases. The nonprofit focuses on research aimed at preventing pandemics and promoting conservation in hotspot regions worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicholas Wade</span> British science writer

Nicholas Michael Landon Wade is a British author and journalist. He is the author of numerous books, and has served as staff writer and editor for Nature, Science, and the science section of The New York Times.

Shi Zhengli is a Chinese virologist who researches SARS-like coronaviruses of bat origin. Shi directs the Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases at the Wuhan Institute of Virology (WIV). In 2017, Shi and her colleague Cui Jie discovered that the SARS coronavirus likely originated in a population of cave-dwelling horseshoe bats in Xiyang Yi Ethnic Township, Yunnan. She came to prominence in the popular press as "Batwoman" during the COVID-19 pandemic for her work with bat coronaviruses. Shi was included in Time's 100 Most Influential People of 2020.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market</span> Market in Wuhan, Hubei, China

The Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, simply known as the Huanan Seafood Market, was a live animal and seafood market in Jianghan District, Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province, in Central China.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wuhan Institute of Virology</span> Research Institute in Wuhan, Hubei, China

The Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences is a research institute on virology administered by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), which reports to the State Council of the People's Republic of China. The institute is one of nine independent organisations in the Wuhan Branch of the CAS. Located in Jiangxia District, Wuhan, Hubei, it was founded in 1956 and opened mainland China's first biosafety level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory in 2018. The institute has collaborated with the Galveston National Laboratory in the United States, the Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie in France, and the National Microbiology Laboratory in Canada. The institute has been an active premier research center for the study of coronaviruses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 misinformation</span> False or misleading virus information

False information, including intentional disinformation and conspiracy theories, about the scale of the COVID-19 pandemic and the origin, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease has been spread through social media, text messaging, and mass media. False information has been propagated by celebrities, politicians, and other prominent public figures. Many countries have passed laws against "fake news", and thousands of people have been arrested for spreading COVID-19 misinformation. The spread of COVID-19 misinformation by governments has also been significant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Christian Drosten</span> German virologist researching emergent viruses

Christian Heinrich Maria Drosten is a German virologist whose research focus is on novel viruses (emergent viruses). During the COVID-19 pandemic, Drosten came to national prominence as an expert on the implications and actions required to combat the illness in Germany.

Pandemic prevention is the organization and management of preventive measures against pandemics. Those include measures to reduce causes of new infectious diseases and measures to prevent outbreaks and epidemics from becoming pandemics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Peter Daszak</span> British zoologist

Peter Daszak is a British zoologist, consultant and public expert on disease ecology, in particular on zoonosis. He is the president of EcoHealth Alliance, a nonprofit non-governmental organization that supports various programs on global health and pandemic prevention. He is also a member of the Center for Infection and Immunity at the Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health. He lives in Suffern, New York.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Origin of COVID-19</span> Inquiries into the origins of SARS-CoV-2

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 lab leak theory</span> Proposed theory on the origins of COVID-19

The COVID-19 lab leak theory, or lab leak hypothesis, is the idea that SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, came from a laboratory. This claim is highly controversial; most scientists believe the virus spilled into human populations through natural zoonosis, similar to the SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV outbreaks, and consistent with other pandemics in human history. Available evidence suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus was originally harbored by bats, and spread to humans from infected wild animals, functioning as an intermediate host, at the Huanan Seafood Market in Wuhan, Hubei, China, in December 2019. Several candidate animal species have been identified as potential intermediate hosts. There is no evidence SARS-CoV-2 existed in any laboratory prior to the pandemic, or that any suspicious biosecurity incidents happened in any laboratory.

DRASTIC is a loose collection of internet activists assembled to investigate the origins of COVID-19, in particular the lab leak theory. Composed of about 30 core members, and primarily organized through the social media website Twitter, DRASTIC was formed in February 2020, at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. DRASTIC members called for a "full and unrestricted investigation" into the origins of COVID-19, conducted independently of the World Health Organization; most scientists thought that COVID-19 likely had a natural origin, and some considered that a potential lab leak was worth investigating.

Alina Chan is a Canadian molecular biologist specializing in gene therapy and cell engineering at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, where she is a postdoctoral fellow. During the COVID-19 pandemic she became known for questioning the prevailing consensus regarding the origins of the virus and publicly advocating a laboratory escape hypothesis.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scientific Advisory Group for Origins of Novel Pathogens</span> WHO advisory group

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<i>Assessment on COVID-19 Origins</i> 2021 United States intelligence report

Assessment on COVID-19 Origins is a 2021 United States intelligence report, which was commissioned in May 2021 by President Joe Biden and declassified in August of the same year. Biden initially ordered his intelligence services to "redouble efforts" concerning the origins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The report was submitted to Biden on August 24, following a 90-day investigation, and an unclassified summary was made public three days later.

The WHO-convened Global Study of Origins of SARS-CoV-2 or the Joint WHO-China Study was a collaborative study between the World Health Organization and the Government of China on the origins of COVID-19. The study was commissioned by the Director-General of the World Health Organization following a request by the 2020 World Health Assembly in which 122 WHO members proposed a motion, which included a call for a "comprehensive, independent and impartial" study into the COVID-19 pandemic" The WHO disbanded the team and proposed a new panel called Scientific Advisory Group for Origins of Novel Pathogens.

Kristian Andersen is an evolutionary biologist and professor in the Department of Immunology and Microbiology at Scripps Research in La Jolla, California.

References

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  2. ↑ Rozado, David (24 August 2021). "Prevalence in News Media of Two Competing Hypotheses about COVID-19 Origins". Social Sciences. 10 (9). 320. doi: 10.3390/socsci10090320 .
  3. ↑ "Experts fear false rumours could harm Chinese cooperation on coronavirus". The Guardian . February 20, 2020.
  4. ↑ Prasad, R. (February 20, 2020). "Opinion | A preprint provides ammunition to conspiracy theories about SARS-CoV-2 origin". The Hindu .
  5. 1 2 Eban, Katherine (June 3, 2021). "The Lab-Leak Theory: Inside the Fight to Uncover COVID-19's Origins". Vanity Fair .
  6. ↑ Spence, Madeleine. "The rise and fall of British virus hunter Peter Daszak". The Times .
  7. ↑ "Covid origins: Scientists weigh up evidence over virus's origins". BBC News . July 9, 2021.
  8. 1 2 3 "Lab Leak: A Scientific Debate Mired in Politics — and Unresolved". Undark Magazine. March 17, 2021.
  9. 1 2 Thacker, Paul D. (July 8, 2021). "The COVID-19 lab leak hypothesis: did the media fall victim to a misinformation campaign?". BMJ. 374: n1656. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1656 . PMID   34244293. S2CID   235760734.
  10. ↑ Lonas, Lexi (June 9, 2021). "WHO adviser accuses COVID-19 lab-leak theory critics of 'thuggery'". The Hill .
  11. ↑ Hvistendahl, Mara (June 19, 2021). "I Visited a Chinese Lab at the Center of a Biosafety Debate. What I Learned Helps Explain the Clash Over COVID-19's Origins".
  12. ↑ Knapton, Sarah (15 December 2021). "Wuhan lab leak 'now the most likely origin of Covid', MPS told". The Telegraph.
  13. ↑ "Science and Technology Committee : Oral evidence: Reproducibility and Research Integrity, HC 606" (PDF). Committees.parliament.uk. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  14. ↑ "The origin of COVID: Did people or nature open Pandora's box at Wuhan?". Thebulletin.org. May 5, 2021.
  15. 1 2 Thacker, Paul D. (October 1, 2021). "COVID-19: Lancet investigation into origin of pandemic shuts down over bias risk". BMJ. 375: n2414. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2414 . PMID   34598923. S2CID   238241044.
  16. ↑ "Top Trump officials pushed the COVID-19 lab-leak theory. Investigators had doubts". Politico.com. 15 June 2021.
  17. ↑ Relman, David A. (November 24, 2020). "Opinion: To stop the next pandemic, we need to unravel the origins of COVID-19". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (47): 29246–29248. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2021133117 . PMC   7703598 . PMID   33144498.
  18. ↑ "Stanford scientist calls for investigation of Wuhan lab leak". Taiwan News. December 3, 2020.
  19. ↑ Jeremy Page; Betsy McKay; Drew Hinshaw (May 24, 2021). "The Wuhan Lab Leak Question: A Disused Chinese Mine Takes Center Stage". The Wall Street Journal .
  20. ↑ "Nature-based or lab leak? Unraveling the debate over the origins of COVID-19". ABC News .
  21. ↑ "Did the coronavirus leak from a lab? These scientists say we shouldn't rule it out". MIT Technology Review.
  22. ↑ "Christian Drosten im Interview – "Warum hat er mich nicht einfach mal angerufen?"". 9 February 2022.
  23. ↑ Editors of The Lancet (June 26, 2021). "Addendum: competing interests and the origins of SARS-CoV-2". The Lancet. 397 (10293): 2449–2450. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01377-5 . PMC   8215723 . S2CID   235494625.
  24. ↑ Gulland, Anne (June 22, 2021). "UK scientist with links to Wuhan lab 'recuses himself' from inquiry into Covid origins". The Telegraph .
  25. ↑ "Under-fire Lancet admits conflict of interest on lab-leak letter". Times Higher Education (THE). June 22, 2021.
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  27. ↑ Newey, Sarah (July 6, 2021). "Strongest evidence yet suggests natural origins for Covid, say scientists". The Telegraph .
  28. ↑ "Nobody knows how to engineer a virus from scratch". The Week.
  29. ↑ Bloom, Jesse D.; Chan, Yujia Alina; Baric, Ralph S.; Bjorkman, Pamela J.; et al. (2021). "Investigate the origins of COVID-19". Science. 372 (6543): 694. Bibcode:2021Sci...372..694B. doi:10.1126/science.abj0016. PMC   9520851 . PMID   33986172. S2CID   234487267.
  30. ↑ Swanson, Ian (July 6, 2021). "Group of scientists argues COVID-19 lab theory without evidence". The Hill .
  31. ↑ Gorman, James; Zimmer, Carl (May 13, 2021). "Another Group of Scientists Calls for Further Inquiry Into Origins of the Coronavirus". The New York Times .
  32. ↑ Guy Faulconbridge (May 13, 2021). "COVID-19 lab leak theory cannot be ruled out, leading scientists say". Reuters . Archived from the original on 2021-11-25. Retrieved 2021-11-03.
  33. ↑ Steer, George; Cookson, Clive (May 14, 2021). "Scientists demand fresh investigation into coronavirus lab-leak theory". Financial Times .
  34. ↑ "The Sudden Rise of the Coronavirus Lab-Leak Theory". The New Yorker. May 27, 2021.
  35. ↑ Helden, Jacques van; Butler, Colin D.; Achaz, Guillaume; Canard, Bruno; et al. (October 16, 2021). "An appeal for an objective, open, and transparent scientific debate about the origin of SARS-CoV-2". The Lancet. 398 (10309): 1402–1404. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02019-5. PMC   8448488 . PMID   34543608.
  36. ↑ "Jury still out on lab-leak COVID-19 origins, researchers say in Lancet letter". South China Morning Post. September 18, 2021. The Lancet had previously only published letters supporting the natural origin theory, the possibility that the virus emerged in the wild and spilled over to humans, probably via the wildlife trade.
  37. ↑ Basu, Mohana (September 20, 2021). "Scientists in Lancet letter call for 'evidence-based' evaluation of Covid lab leak theory".
  38. ↑ "COVID-19 origins: The Lancet's U-turn, Biden's take and the China link". The Times of India .
  39. ↑ "Let Scientific Evidence Determine Origin of SARS-CoV-2, Urge Presidents of the National Academies". Nationalacademies.org. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  40. ↑ "Scientists battle over the ultimate origin story: Where did the coronavirus come from?". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
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