Lanistes

Lanistes
Lanistes bernardianus(Morelet, 1860)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Order:	Architaenioglossa
Family:	Ampullariidae
Subfamily:	Ampullariinae
Genus:	Lanistes Montfort, 1810 [1]
Type species
Lanistes carinatus(Olivier, 1804).
Diversity [2] [3] [4]
21 extant species and at least 10 fossil species
Synonyms
Ampullaria (Lanistes) Lanistes (Meladomus)Swainson, 1840 Lanistes (Plesiolanistes)Berthold, 1991 Lanistes (Prolanistes)Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973 · accepted, alternate representation LeroyaGrandidier, 1887 [5] MeladomusSwainson, 1840 [6] Meladomus (Bolteniana)Bourguignat, 1889 Meladomus (Lanistes) Meladomus (Libyciana)Bourguignat, 1889 Meladomus (Meladomus)Swainson, 1840 (formerly used as subgenus of Lanistes) Meladomus (Nyassana)Bourguignat, 1889 Meladomus (Olivaceana)Bourguignat, 1889 Meladomus (Purpuriana)Bourguignat, 1889

Lanistes is a genus of freshwater snails which have a gill and an operculum, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the family Ampullariidae, the apple snails. ^[7]

Distribution

The distribution of the genus Lanistes includes Africa and Madagascar. ^[3]

Description

Lanistes has a unique anatomy among the Ampullariidae: it has a "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell. ^[8] This means that the body of the snail is dextral (as in all other ampullariids), but the shell appears to be sinistral. ^[8] However the sinistral appearance stems from the fact that the rotation of the shell as it grows is in an upward direction rather than the usual downward direction. ^[8]

Species

Three ^[3] subgenera have been recognized, based on shell differences: Lanistes sensu stricto, Meladomus and Leroya. These subgenera are not used in recent works. ^[3]

Extant species within the genus Lanistes include:

• Lanistes alexandri (Bourguignat, 1889) ^[3]
• Lanistes ambiguus Martens, 1866
• Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860)
• Lanistes beseneckeri Schütt in Schütt & Besenecker, 1973 †
• Lanistes bicarinatus Germain, 1907 ^[3]
• Lanistes bloyeti (Bourguignat, 1889)
• Lanistes boltenianus (Röding, 1798) - synonym: Lanistes carinatus (Olivier, 1804) ^[9]
• Lanistes chaperi (Kobelt, 1912)
• Lanistes ciliatus Martens, 1878 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes congicus O. Boettger, 1891 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes deguerryanus (Bourguignat, 1889)
• Lanistes ellipticus Martens, 1866 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes farleri Craven, 1880 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes fultoni (Kobelt, 1912)
• Lanistes grasseti (Morelet, 1863) ^[3]
• Lanistes graueri Thiele, 1911 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes intortus Martens, 1877 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes jouberti (Bourguignat, 1888)
• Lanistes letourneuxi (Bourguignat, 1879)
• Lanistes libycus (Morelet, 1848) ^{[2] [3]}
  • Lanistes libycus var. albersi
  • Lanistes libycus form bernardianus ^[3] or as Lanistes bernardianus (Morelet, 1860) ^[2]
• Lanistes magnus Furtado, 1886
• Lanistes nasutus Mandahl-Barth, 1972 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes neavei Melvill & Standen, 1907 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes neritoides Brown & Berthold, 1990 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes nitidissimus (Bourguignat, 1889)
• Lanistes nsendweensis (Dupuis & Putzeys, 1901) ^[3]
• Lanistes nyassanus Dohrn, 1865 ^[3]
• Lanistes ovatus (Olivier, 1804)
• Lanistes ovum Peters in Troschel, 1845 ^[3] - synonyms: Lanistes magnus Furtado; Lanistes olivaceus (Sowerby); Lanistes procerus; Lanistes elatior Martens, 1866; Lanistes ovum bangweolicus Haas, 1936; Lanistes connollyi Pain, 1954 ^[3] Lanistes ovum adansoni;^{[ citation needed ]}Lanistes olivaceus var. ambiguus^{[ citation needed ]}
• Lanistes palustris (Morelet, 1864)
• Lanistes pfeifferi (Bourguignat, 1879)
• Lanistes pilsbryi Walker, 1925
• Lanistes pseudoceratodes (Wenz, 1928) ^[2]
• Lanistes purpureus (Jonas, 1839) ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes solidus Smith, 1877 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes stuhlmanni Martens, 1897 ^{[2] [3]}
• Lanistes varicus (Müller, 1774) - synonyms: Lanistes adansoni Kobelt, 1911; Lanistes millestriatus Pilsbry & Bequaert, 1927 ^[3]

Fossil species within the genus Lanistes include:

• † Lanistes asellus van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes bishopi Gautier ^[4]
• † Lanistes gautieri van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes gigas van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes hadotoi van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes heynderycxi van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes nkondoensis van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes olukaensis ^[4]
• † Lanistes senuti van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]
• † Lanistes trochiformis van Damme & Pickford, 1995 ^[4]

References

1. Montfort P. D. de (1810). Conch. Syst.2: 122.
2. "Lanistes". The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
3. Brown D. S. (1994). Freshwater Snails of Africa and their Medical Importance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN   0-7484-0026-5.
4. van Damme D. & Pickford M. (1995). "The late Cenozoic ampullariidae (mollusca, gastropoda) of the Albertine Rift Valley (Uganda-Zaire)". Hydrobiologia 316(1): 1-32. doi : 10.1007/BF00019372.
5. Grandidier (1887). Bull. Soc. malac. France 4: 191.
6. Swainson (1840). Treat. Malacol., page 340.
7. Bouchet, P.; Neubauer, Thomas A. (2015). Lanistes Montfort, 1810. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=820447 on 2015-11-11
8. "Shell" Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine . The apple snail website, accessed 16 May 2011.
9. Bouchet, P. (2016). Lanistes boltenianus (Röding, 1798). In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=843296 on 2017-06-06

External links

• Animation showing how the "hyperstrophic" sinistral shell evolved from a shell with normal orientation Archived 2012-03-16 at the Wayback Machine
• Schultheiß R., Van Bocxlaer B., Wilke T. & Albrecht C. (2009). "Old fossils–young species: evolutionary history of an endemic gastropod assemblage in Lake Malawi". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 276(1668): 2837-2846. doi : 10.1098/rspb.2009.0467.