| Ledrinae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Ledra sp., Russia | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Cicadomorpha |
| Superfamily: | Membracoidea |
| Family: | Cicadellidae |
| Subfamily: | Ledrinae (Kirschbaum, 1867) |
Ledrinae is a relatively small subfamily within the very large and diverse leafhopper family Cicadellidae. Originally placed in its own family, the "Ledridae", [1] it is based on the type genus Ledra .
The Ledrinae are mostly green or brown with a flattened body and tibiae. The ocelli are located near the crown and the forewings have a dense network of veins.
The subfamily contains around 500 species which are divided into 5 to 7 tribes depending on the taxonomy followed. A 2009 revision treats the subfamily as having five tribes. The Afrorubrini are found only in southern Africa with 2 genera; the Hespenedrini has a single genus in Chile; Rubrini with a single genus in Australia; and two larger tribes that have a more widespread distribution, especially the Ledrini. Altogether there are more than 40 genera and around 14 others which are not well-placed. [2]
Genera considered members of the subfamily Ledrinae are listed below; Biolib.cz [3] currently lists seven tribes.
An African tribe, created by Jones in 2009 and consist of two genera: [4]
The largest tribe (including Petalocephalini [2] ), in number of genera, was originally erected by Fairmaire in 1855 and includes the following genera: [5]
This tribe was erected by Evans in 1936; Biolib lists the following genera: [6]
This tribe was erected by Oman in 1943; Biolib lists five genera: [7]
Data sources: i = ITIS, [8] c = Catalogue of Life, [9] g = GBIF, [10] b = Bugguide.net [11]
Note: Platyhynna Berg, 1884 c g is now placed in the tribe Hyalojassini (in the family Cicadellidae).
Pentatominae is a subfamily of Pentatomidae, a family of shield bugs. This subfamily is the largest one within the Pentatomidae, having 4937 species classified in 938 genera. Species in this subfamily are phytophages and several of them are considered agricultural pests. Some invasive pentatomines such as Halyomorpha halys and Bagrada hilaris have been considered household pests. Higher systematics of the group have been revised by Rider et al.
Deltocephalinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers. Deltocephalinae is the largest subfamily in the family Cicadellidae and is divided into 40 tribes, comprising over 925 genera, and over 6,700 described species.
Opsiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The tribe contains 36 genera and over 300 species divided into four subtribes: Achaeticina, Circuliferina, Eremophlepsiina, and Opsiina.
Issidae is a family of planthoppers described by Spinola in 1839, belonging to the order Hemiptera, suborder Auchenorrhyncha superfamily Fulgoroidea.
Penthimia is a genus of leafhoppers belonging to the family Cicadellidae subfamily Deltocephalinae.
Macrostelini is a tribe in the Deltocephalinae subfamily of leafhoppers. Macrostelini contains 37 genera and over 300 species. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. Some species in the genus Cicadulina are agricultural pests and transmit maize streak virus in Sub-saharan Africa.
Scaphytopiini is an insect tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The scope of the tribe was restricted by Zahniser & Dietrich (2013) to include only 3 genera.
Athysanini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. The type genus of the tribe is Athysanus. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is the largest tribe in the subfamily Deltocephalinae and has 228 genera and at least 1120 species.
Hecalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae. There are about 24 genera and over 180 described species divided into two subtribes in Hecalini.
Scaphoideini is a tribe of leafhoppers. There are 64 genera and over 600 described species in Scaphoideini.
Iassinae is a subfamily of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae.
Dictyopharinae is a subfamily of dictyopharid planthoppers in the family Dictyopharidae. There more than 100 genera and 500 described species in Dictyopharinae.
Dictyophara is the type genus of planthoppers belonging to the family Dictyopharidae and tribe Dictyopharini, containing five subgenera. The scientific genus name Dictyophara derives from the Greek and can be translated "who wears a net".
The Flatinae are a subfamily of planthoppers, erected by Maximilian Spinola in 1839. Genera have been recorded from all continents except Antarctica: especially in tropical and subtropical regions.
Drabescini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. There are currently 38 genera and almost 200 species in Drabescini divided into two subtribes: Drabescina and Paraboloponina.
Eupelicini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Eupelicini contains 7 genera and over 60 species divided into two subtribes: Eupelicina and Paradorydiina.
Penthimiini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Penthimiini contains 46 genera and over 200 species.
Selenocephalini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily Deltocephalinae. Deltocephalinae contains 21 genera and around 200 species divided into four subtribes: Adamina, Dwightlina, Ianeirina and Selenocephalina.
Rubria is a genus of leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae, the species of which are found mostly in Australia. Swedish entomologist Carl Stål described the group as a subgenus of the genus Petalocephala, but later raised it to a genus in its own right in 1966 by J.W. Evans. The genus is a distinct lineage within the family and is placed in its own tribe Rubrini.
The Phyllocephalinae are a subfamily of shield bugs erected by Amyot and Serville in 1843.