Leloir pathway

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The Leloir pathway is a metabolic pathway for the catabolism of D-galactose. It is named after Luis Federico Leloir, who first described it. [1] [2] [3] [4]

Intermediates and enzymes in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism Leloir pathway.png
Intermediates and enzymes in the Leloir pathway of galactose metabolism

In the first step, galactose mutarotase facilitates the conversion of β-D-galactose to α-D-galactose since this is the active form in the pathway. Next, α-D-galactose is phosphorylated by galactokinase to galactose 1-phosphate. In the third step, D-galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase converts galactose 1-phosphate to UDP-galactose using UDP-glucose as the uridine diphosphate source. Finally, UDP-galactose 4-epimerase recycles the UDP-galactose to UDP-glucose for the transferase reaction. Additionally, phosphoglucomutase converts the D-glucose 1-phosphate to D-glucose 6-phosphate. [6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Trucco, R.E.; Caputto, R; Leloir, L.F.; Mittelman, N (1948). "Galactokinase". Arch. Biochem. 18 (1): 137–146. PMID   18871223.
  2. ↑ Caputto, R; Leloir, L.F.; Trucco, R.E.; Cardini, C.E.; Paladini, A C (1949). "The enzymatic transformation of galactose into glucose derivatives". J. Biol. Chem. 179 (1): 497–498. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56863-0 . hdl: 11336/135761 . PMID   18119268.
  3. ↑ Cardini, C. E.; Paladini, A. C.; Caputto, R.; Leloir, L. F. (1950). "Uridine Diphosphate Glucose: The Coenzyme of the Galactose–Glucose Phosphate Isomerization". Nature. 165 (4188): 191–192. Bibcode:1950Natur.165..191C. doi:10.1038/165191a0. hdl: 11336/140707 . S2CID   44975916.
  4. ↑ Leloir, Luis F. (1951). "The enzymatic transformation of uridine diphosphate glucose into a galactose derivative". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 33 (2): 186–190. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(51)90096-3. hdl: 11336/140700 . PMID   14885999.
  5. ↑ Holden HM, Rayment I, Thoden JB (November 2003). "Structure and function of enzymes of the Leloir pathway for galactose metabolism". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (45): 43885–8. doi: 10.1074/jbc.R300025200 . PMID   12923184.
  6. ↑ Frey PA (March 1996). "The Leloir pathway: a mechanistic imperative for three enzymes to change the stereochemical configuration of a single carbon in galactose". FASEB J. 10 (4): 461–70. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.10.4.8647345 . PMID   8647345. S2CID   13857006 . Retrieved 2011-04-01.
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