| Lentinellus montanus | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Russulales |
| Family: | Auriscalpiaceae |
| Genus: | Lentinellus |
| Species: | L. montanus |
| Binomial name | |
| Lentinellus montanus O.K.Mill. (1965) | |
Lentinellus montanus is a species of agaric fungus in the family Auriscalpiaceae. It is found at high elevations in the Pacific Northwest region of North America, where it fruits singly or in clumps on decaying conifer wood.
The species was officially described by American mycologist Orson K. Miller in 1965. The type collection was made in McCall, Idaho on June 26, 1963. [1]
The fruit bodies of Lentinellus montanus are sessile, meaning that they lack a stipe and grow directly on the substrate. The shell-shaped to fan-shaped cap measures 4–11 cm (1+5⁄8–4+3⁄8 in) in diameter. It is dark brown to red brown in color, except for the margins, which are light cinnamon to pale pinkish-buff. It is moist (but not sticky), somewhat hairy to shaggy in the center of the cap but smooth elsewhere. The gills are broad, somewhat distantly spaced, and interspersed with long lamellulae (gills that do not extend completely from the stipe to the cap margin). They have coarsely serrated edges, and a color ranging from white with purplish tints initially to buff in maturity. The tough flesh [2] is light brown and 1–4 mm thick, with a mild to slightly aromatic odor and a mild to somewhat acrid taste. [2]
Fruit bodies produce a cream to buff spore print. The spores are egg-shaped to roughly spherical, thick-walled, shell-shaped to fan-shaped, and measure 4.5–6.5 by 4–5 μm. Blunt spikes cover the spore surface. The basidia (spore-bearing cells) are club-shaped, four-spored, and measure 20–47 by 5.2–8 μm. [3]
Like all species in its genus, it is inedible due to its bitterness. [4]
Lentinellus montanus is a white rot fungus. Its fruit bodies grow singly, or, more commonly, in clusters on decaying conifer wood at elevations between 5,000–10,000 feet (1,500–3,000 m). [3] Recorded tree substrates include Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), [5] Shasta red fir (Abies magnifica var. shastensis), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), [1] and Pinus contorta . [6] The fungus mycelium has also been found growing on fire wounds on living trees of Engelmann spruce and Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), where it attacks the springwood and causes small pockets of rot. [6]
A snowbank mushroom, L. montanus fruits near melting snow banks, typically in the spring and early summer (May to July). The species occurs in northern and central Rocky Mountains east to the Cascade Range and south to Utah. Other states in which it has been recorded include Washington, Idaho, Montana, Colorado, Wyoming, and California. [3]
Lentinellus ursinus is similar. [2]
Neolentinus ponderosus, commonly known as the giant sawgill, or ponderous lentinus, is a species of fungus in the family Gloeophyllaceae. Found in western North America, it was originally described in 1965 as a species of Lentinus by American mycologist Orson K. Miller.
Neolentinus lepideus is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Neolentinus, until recently also widely known as Lentinus lepideus. Common names for it include scaly sawgill, scaly lentinus and train wrecker.
Lentinellus is a genus of white rot, wood decay, lamellate agaric in the family Auriscalpiaceae, further characterized in part by rough-walled, amyloid spores produced on lamellae with jagged edges. Typically, thick-walled hyphae in the fruit body are in part amyloid, and frequently the taste of the mushrooms is acrid. The widespread genus has been estimated to contain 15 species. Mycologists Ronald Petersen and Karen Hughes considered 24 species in their 2004 world monograph of the genus.
Russula brevipes is a species of mushroom commonly known as the short-stemmed russula or the stubby brittlegill. It is widespread in North America, and was reported from Pakistan in 2006. The fungus grows in a mycorrhizal association with trees from several genera, including fir, spruce, Douglas-fir, and hemlock. Fruit bodies are white and large, with convex to funnel-shaped caps measuring 7–30 cm (3–12 in) wide set atop a thick stipe up to 8 cm (3 in) long. The gills on the cap underside are closely spaced and sometimes have a faint bluish tint. Spores are roughly spherical, and have a network-like surface dotted with warts.
Geopyxis carbonaria is a species of fungus in the genus Geopyxis, family Pyronemataceae. First described to science in 1805, and given its current name in 1889, the species is commonly known as the charcoal loving elf-cup, dwarf acorn cup, stalked bonfire cup, or pixie cup. The small, goblet-shaped fruitbodies of the fungus are reddish-brown with a whitish fringe and measure up to 2 centimetres across. They have a short, tapered stalk.
Suillus brevipes is a species of fungus in the family Suillaceae. First described by American mycologists in the late 19th century, it is commonly known as the stubby-stalk or the short-stemmed slippery Jack. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) produced by the fungus are characterized by a chocolate to reddish-brown cap covered with a sticky layer of slime, and a short whitish stipe that has neither a partial veil nor prominent, colored glandular dots. The cap can reach a diameter of about 10 cm, while the stipe is up to 6 cm long and 2 cm thick. Like other bolete mushrooms, S. brevipes produces spores in a vertically arranged layer of spongy tubes with openings that form a layer of small yellowish pores on the underside of the cap.
Lactarius alnicola, commonly known as the golden milkcap, is a species of fungus in the family Russulaceae. The fruit bodies produced by the fungus are characterized by a sticky, vanilla-colored cap up to 20 cm (7.9 in) wide with a mixture of yellow tones arranged in faint concentric bands. The stem is up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long and has yellow-brown spots. When it is cut or injured, the mushroom oozes a white latex, which has an intensely peppery taste. The acrid taste of the fruit bodies renders them unpalatable. The fungus is found in the western United States and Mexico, where it grows in mycorrhizal associations with various coniferous trees species, such as spruce, pine and fir, and deciduous species such as oak and alder. It has also been collected in India. Two varieties have been named: var. pitkinensis, known from Colorado, and var. pungens, from Michigan.
Collybia tuberosa, commonly known as the lentil shanklet or the appleseed coincap, is an inedible species of fungus in the family Tricholomataceae, and the type species of the genus Collybia. Like the two other members of its genus, it lives on the decomposing remains of other fleshy mushrooms. The fungus produces small whitish fruit bodies with caps up to 1 cm (0.4 in) wide held by thin stems up to 5 cm (2.0 in) long. On the underside of the cap are closely spaced white gills that are broadly attached to the stem. At the base of the stem, embedded in the substrate is a small reddish-brown sclerotium that somewhat resembles an apple seed. The appearance of the sclerotium distinguishes it from the other two species of Collybia, which are otherwise very similar in overall appearance. C. tuberosa is found in Europe, North America, and Japan, growing in dense clusters on species of Lactarius and Russula, boletes, hydnums, and polypores.
Hygrophorus marzuolus, commonly known as the March mushroom, is a species of fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is known from Asia, Europe, and North America, where it grows on the ground in mixed forests at high elevations.
Hygrophorus purpurascens, commonly known as the purple-red waxy cap, is a species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Its cap has a pink background color with streaks of purplish red overlaid, and mature gills have red spots.
Pleurotus populinus, the aspen oyster mushroom, is a gilled fungus native to North America. It is found on dead wood of aspen and cottonwood trees. Although morphologically similar to Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius, it has been shown to be a distinct species incapable of cross-breeding. P. populinus is reported to be edible. Unlike P. ostreatus, which fruits in the autumn and winter, P. populinus fruits in late spring and summer.
A snowbank fungus is any one of a number of diverse species of fungi that occur adjacent to or within melting snow. They are most commonly found in the mountains of western North America where a deep snowpack accumulates during the winter and slowly melts through the spring and summer, often shaded by coniferous forest. They may be saprotrophic, mycorrhizal, or in the case of Caloscypha fulgens, pathogenic.
Cortinarius camphoratus, commonly known as the goatcheese webcap, is an agaric fungus in the family Cortinariaceae. The fungus is found in Europe and North America, where its fruit bodies (mushrooms) grow on the ground in a mycorrhizal association with spruce and firs in coniferous forests. Mushrooms are characterized by pale blue lilac colors when young, and a strong distinctive odor. Sources disagree as to the edibility of the mushroom, but they are generally not recommended for eating.
Tricholoma vernaticum is an agaric fungus of the genus Tricholoma native to the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The fungus was originally described in 1976 as a species of Armillaria when that genus was more inclusive; it received its current name twenty years later. The stout fruit bodies (mushrooms) have moist white to grayish caps, a membranous ring on the stipe, and an odor resembling cucumbers. Mycorrhizal with conifers, the fungus fruits in the spring or early summer, with its mushrooms appearing on the ground singly or in groups at high elevations, often at the edge of melting snowbanks. The edibility of the mushroom is unknown, but it has a strong unpleasant odor and a mealy taste.
Pholiota nubigena, commonly known as the gastroid pholiota or the bubble gum fungus, is a species of secotioid fungus in the family Strophariaceae. It is found in mountainous areas of the western United States, where it grows on rotting conifer wood, often fir logs. It fruits in spring, often under snow, and early summer toward the end of the snowmelt period in high mountain forests. Fruit bodies appear similar to unopened mushrooms, measuring 1–4 centimetres tall with 1–2.4 cm diameter caps that are whitish to brownish. They have a short but distinct whitish stipe that extend through the internal spore mass (gleba) of the fruit body into the cap. The gleba consists of irregular chambers made of contorted gills that are brownish in color. A whitish, cottony partial veil is present in young specimens, but it often disappears in age and does not leave a ring on the stipe.
Hygrophorus caeruleus is a rare species of agaric fungus in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in the western United States, the mushroom is characterized by its stout fruit body including blue-tinted cap margin and stipe, blue-grey to bluish green gills, and odor of rancid meal.
Xeromphalina cauticinalis is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Originally described in 1838 by Elias Fries as Marasmius cauticinalis, it was transferred to the genus Xeromphalina by Robert Kühner and René Maire in 1934. It is found in North America, where it fruits in the summer and autumn singly or in groups on the seeds, needles, and sticks of conifers, and sometimes on aspen leaves. The fruit bodies have convex yellowish caps measuring 0.5–2.5 cm (0.2–1.0 in) in diameter supported by a tough yellow-brown to dark brown stipe that is 3–8 cm (1.2–3.1 in) long by 1–2.5 mm thick. The pale yellow gills have a decurrent attachment to the stipe and are somewhat distantly spaced. The spore print is white, while individual spores are elliptical, smooth, amyloid, and measure 4–7 by 2.5–3.5 µm.
Xeromphalina brunneola is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found in the western United States where it grows in dense clusters on debarked conifer logs, it was described by mycologist Orson K. Miller in 1968. The type collection was made by Miller near Priest River, Idaho, in September 1964. The mushroom has a dull orange, convex to nearly flattened cap measuring 0.6–15 mm (0.02–0.59 in) in diameter. The orange-buff gills are narrow, closely spaced, and decurrently attached to the stipe. Spores are elliptical, smooth, amyloid, and measure 5.5–6.6 by 2.5–3.0 µm.
Xeromphalina kauffmanii is a species of agaric fungus in the family Mycenaceae. Found in North America, Costa Rica, and Japan, it was described as new to science in 1953. The type collection was made in Chelsea, Michigan, in June 1940. The specific epithet kauffmanii honors American mycologist Calvin Henry Kauffman.
Inocybe tahquamenonensis is an inedible species of agaric fungus in the family Inocybaceae. Found in the United States, it was formally described in 1954 by mycologist Daniel E. Stuntz. The fruit bodies have bell-shaped to convex to flattened caps measuring 1.2–3 cm (0.5–1.2 in) in diameter. Its color is dark purplish brown to reddish- or blackish-brown, with reddish-purple flesh. The gills are attached to the stipe and are somewhat distantly spaced. They are initially reddish brown before turning to chocolate brown, sometimes developing whitish edges. The spore print is brown; spores measure 6–8.5 by 5–6 μm. Fruit bodies grow singly, scattered, or in group under deciduous trees.