Leptothrix (bacterium)

Last updated

Leptothrix
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Betaproteobacteria
Order: Burkholderiales
(unranked): incertae sedis
Genus: Leptothrix
Kützing 1843 [1]
Type species
Leptothrix ochracea
(Roth 1797) Kützing 1843 [1]
Species
Synonyms [2]
Leptothrix - chain of cells in a sheath and empty sheaths Leptothrix lichtmikroskopisch.jpg
Leptothrix - chain of cells in a sheath and empty sheaths

Leptothrix is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the class Betaproteobacteria. [3] The name is from the Greek leptos thrix (literally 'fine hair'). [1] They occur in standing or slow-flowing, ferruginous, neutral to slightly acidic fresh waters with only low concentrations of organic matter. The energy metabolism of Leptothrix is strictly aerobic, oxidative, and chemoorganoheterotrophic. Five species are known: L. ochracea, L. discophora, L. cholodnii, L. lopholea , and L. mobilis .

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pseudomonadota</span> Phylum of Gram-negative bacteria

Pseudomonadota is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. Currently, they are considered the predominant phylum within the realm of bacteria. They are naturally found as pathogenic and free-living (non-parasitic) genera. The phylum comprises six classes Acidithiobacilia, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Hydrogenophilia, and Zetaproteobacteria. The Pseudomonadota are widely diverse, with differences in morphology, metabolic processes, relevance to humans, and ecological influence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Genus</span> Taxonomic rank directly above species

Genus is a taxonomic rank above species and below family as used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitrosomonadales</span> Order of bacteria

The Nitrosomonadales are an order of the class Betaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. Like all members of their class, they are Gram-negative.

<i>Burkholderia</i> Genus of bacteria

Burkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota whose pathogenic members include the Burkholderia cepacia complex, which attacks humans and Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals; Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis; and Burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Burkholderia species is also found in marine environments. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized Burkholderia cepacia from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burkholderiales</span> Order of bacteria

The Burkholderiales are an order of Betaproteobacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. They include several pathogenic bacteria, including species of Burkholderia, Bordetella, and Ralstonia. They also include Oxalobacter and related genera, which are unusual in using oxalic acid as their source of carbon. Other well-studied genera include Alcaligenes, Cupriavidus, Achromobacter, Comamonas, Delftia, Massilia, Duganella, Janthinobacterium, Polynucleobacter, non-pathogenic Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, Polaromonas, Thiomonas, Collimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Sphaerotilus, Variovorax, Acidovorax, Rubrivivax and Rhodoferax, and Herbaspirillum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Purple bacteria</span> Group of phototrophic bacteria

Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are phototrophic, capable of producing their own food via photosynthesis. They are pigmented with bacteriochlorophyll a or b, together with various carotenoids, which give them colours ranging between purple, red, brown, and orange. They may be divided into two groups – purple sulfur bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria. Purple bacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs widely spread in nature, but especially in aquatic environments, where there are anoxic conditions that favor the synthesis of their pigments.

The Hydrogenophilaceae are a family of the class Hydrogenophilalia in the phylum Pseudomonadota ("Proteobacteria"), with two genera – Hydrogenophilus and Tepidiphilus. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. All known species are thermophilic, growing around 50 °C, and use molecular hydrogen or organic molecules as their source of electrons to support growth; some species are autotrophs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Burkholderiaceae</span> Family of bacteria

The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia mallei (glanders) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). This family was found to be enriched in scale-eating pupfish guts, even after being fed a common laboratory diet, suggesting it may aid in scale-digestion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Acidithiobacillales</span> Order of bacteria

The Acidithiobacillales are an order of bacteria within the class Acidithiobacillia and comprises the genera Acidithiobacillus and Thermithiobacillus. Originally, both were included in the genus Thiobacillus, but they are not related to the type species, which belongs to the Betaproteobacteria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Diplococcus</span> Interlocked duo of cocci (e.g. Pneumococcus)

A diplococcus is a round bacterium that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Betaproteobacteria</span> Class of bacteria

Betaproteobacteria are a class of Gram-negative bacteria, and one of the eight classes of the phylum Pseudomonadota.

<i>Spirillum</i> Genus of bacteria

Spirillum is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria. There are two species of Spirillum with validly or effectively published names - Spirillum winogradskyi and Spirillum volutans.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gammaproteobacteria</span> Class of bacteria

Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genus-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. All members of this class are Gram-negative. It is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of the Pseudomonadota.

<i>Duganella</i> Genus of bacteria

Duganella is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.

The Xanthobacteraceae are a family of bacteria that includes Azorhizobium, a genus of rhizobia. Xanthobacteraceae bacteria are diverse and Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and may be motile or non-motile depending on the specific bacteria. Their cells range in size from 0.4–1.0 × 0.8–6 μm, but when grown in the presence of alcohol as the sole carbon source, they can reach up to 10 μm in length. These bacteria do not form spores and have opaque, slimy colonies that appear slightly yellow due to the presence of zeaxanthin dirhamnoside.

Deefgea is a genus of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. Deefgea are described as Gram-negative, rod-shaped, facultative anaerobes which generally occur singly. Deefgea are motile, either by a single flagellum or two polar flagella. They are both catalase and oxidase positive.

Leptothrix cholodnii is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix, which has the ability to oxidize Fe(II).. They were previously known as Leptothrix discophora SP-6. They are fast-growing metal oxidizers in iron-rich environments. These environments include freshwater bodies characterized with neutral to slightly acidic pH, oxygen gradients and organic matter. Examples of these sites include freshwater streams and wetlands, iron seeps, water pipes, surface of sediments Their growth under suitable conditions is easily recognized with fluffy microbial mats, surface biofilms made up of oxidized Fe and Mn minerals with orange to dark brown color. They can oxidize both Fe(II) and Mn(II). Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 is a member of this group with an isolate and sheath-former under laboratory conditions.

Pandoraea is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria.

Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon was an Italian botanist who specialized in cryptogamic flora.

<i>Macromonas bipunctata</i> Species of bacterium

Macromonasbipunctata is a Gram-negative, colorless, and heterotrophic sulfur bacterium of the genus Macromonas. It is commonly found in sewage aeration tanks and caves where moonmilk has formed. In the 1920s, researcher Gicklhorn first discovered this organism under the name Pseudomonasbipunctata. After further study and culturing by Utermöhl and Koppe, in 1923, it was later renamed Macromonasbipunctata. This organism is thought to be non-pathogenic species. In fact, the moonmilk produced was referenced as a remedy for infections in the Middle Ages.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Parte, Aidan C.; Euzéby, Jean P. "Genus Leptothrix". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  2. "Leptothrix". NCBI taxonomy. Bethesda, MD: National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 14 December 2017. Other names: synonym: Detoniella Trevisan in de Toni and Trevisan 1889 synonym: Chlamydothrix synonym: "Chlamydothrix" Migula 1900 Lineage( full ) cellular organisms; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Betaproteobacteria; Burkholderiales; unclassified Burkholderiales; Burkholderiales Genera incertae sedis
  3. Emerson, David (2011). "Leptothrix". Encyclopedia of Geobiology. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. pp. 535–536. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9212-1_127. ISBN   978-1-4020-9211-4.