Pseudomonadota is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. The renaming of several prokaryote phyla in 2021, including Pseudomonadota, remains controversial among microbiologists, many of whom continue to use the earlier name Proteobacteria, of long standing in the literature. The phylum Proteobacteria includes a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Yersinia, Legionella, and many others. Others are free-living (non-parasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms as well as viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.
The Nitrosomonadales are an order of the class Betaproteobacteria in the phylum "Pseudomonadota". Like all members of their class, they are Gram-negative.
Burkholderia is a genus of Pseudomonadota whose pathogenic members include the Burkholderia cepacia complex, which attacks humans and Burkholderia mallei, responsible for glanders, a disease that occurs mostly in horses and related animals; Burkholderia pseudomallei, causative agent of melioidosis; and Burkholderia cepacia, an important pathogen of pulmonary infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Burkholderia species is also found in marine environments. S.I. Paul et al. (2021) isolated and characterized Burkholderia cepacia from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.
The Burkholderiales are an order of Pseudomonadota. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. They include several pathogenic bacteria, including species of Burkholderia, Bordetella, and Ralstonia. They also include Oxalobacter and related genera, which are unusual in using oxalic acid as their source of carbon. Other well-studied genera include Alcaligenes, Cupriavidus, Achromobacter, Comamonas, Delftia, Massilia, Duganella, Janthinobacterium, Polynucleobacter, non-pathogenic Paraburkholderia, Caballeronia, Polaromonas, Thiomonas, Collimonas, Hydrogenophaga, Sphaerotilus, Variovorax, Acidovorax, Rubrivivax and Rhodoferax, and Herbaspirillum.
Purple bacteria or purple photosynthetic bacteria are Gram-negative proteobacteria that are phototrophic, capable of producing their own food via photosynthesis. They are pigmented with bacteriochlorophyll a or b, together with various carotenoids, which give them colours ranging between purple, red, brown, and orange. They may be divided into two groups – purple sulfur bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria. Purple bacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs widely spread in nature, but especially in aquatic environments, where there are anoxic conditions that favor the synthesis of their pigments.
The Hydrogenophilaceae are a family of the Hydrogenophilalia, with two genera – Hydrogenophilus and Tepidiphilus. Like all Pseudomonadota, they are Gram-negative. All known species are thermophilic, growing around 50 °C and using molecular hydrogen or organic molecules as their source of electrons to support growth - some species are autotrophs.
The Burkholderiaceae are a family of bacteria included in the order Burkholderiales. It includes some pathogenic species, such as Burkholderia mallei (glanders) and Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis). This family was found to be enriched in scale-eating pupfish guts, even after being fed a common laboratory diet, suggesting it may aid in scale-digestion.
The Acidithiobacillales are an order of bacteria within the class Acidithiobacillia and comprises the genera Acidithiobacillus and Thermithiobacillus. Originally, both were included in the genus Thiobacillus, but they are not related to the type species, which belongs to the Betaproteobacteria.
A diplococcus is a round bacterium that typically occurs in the form of two joined cells.
Alcaligenes is a genus of Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria in the order of Burkholderiales.
Betaproteobacteria are a class of Gram-negative bacteria, and one of the eight classes of the phylum Pseudomonadota.
Spirillum is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the family Spirillaceae of the Nitrosomonadales of the Betaproteobacteria. There are two species of Spirillum with validly or effectively published names - Spirillum winogradskyi and Spirillum volutans.
Gammaproteobacteria is a class of bacteria in the phylum Pseudomonadota. It contains about 250 genera, which makes it the most genus-rich taxon of the Prokaryotes. Several medically, ecologically, and scientifically important groups of bacteria belong to this class. It is composed by all Gram-negative microbes and is the most phylogenetically and physiologically diverse class of Proteobacteria.
Duganella is a genus of bacteria in the Oxalobacteraceae family.
Rhizobacter is a bacterial genus from the class Betaproteobacteria order Burkholderiales. It is a plant pathogenic bacterium and, like a few other phytopathogenic bacteria, produces tumors in infected plants. It appears to have an extremely wide host range, producing tumors (galls) on the roots, stems and tubers of at least 46 species of plants from 24 families, which includes many economically important species such as tomato and cabbage. The type species, Rhizobacter dauci was first identified causing carrot bacterial gall in Japan and was described in 1988.
Leptothrix cholodnii is a bacterium from the genus Leptothrix, which has the ability to oxidize Fe(II).. They were previously known as Leptothrix discophora SP-6. They are fast-growing metal oxidizers in iron-rich environments. These environments include freshwater bodies characterized with neutral to slightly acidic pH, oxygen gradients and organic matter. Examples of these sites include freshwater streams and wetlands, iron seeps, water pipes, surface of sediments Their growth under suitable conditions is easily recognized with fluffy microbial mats, surface biofilms made up of oxidized Fe and Mn minerals with orange to dark brown color. They can oxidize both Fe(II) and Mn(II). Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6 is a member of this group with an isolate and sheath-former under laboratory conditions.
Pandoraea is a genus of Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, of the family Burkholderiaceae and class Betaproteobacteria.
Vittore Benedetto Antonio Trevisan de Saint-Léon was an Italian botanist who specialized in cryptogamic flora.
Macromonasbipunctata is a Gram-negative, colorless, and heterotrophic sulfur bacterium of the genus Macromonas. It is commonly found in sewage aeration tanks and caves where moonmilk has formed. In the 1920s, researcher Gicklhorn first discovered this organism under the name Pseudomonasbipunctata. After further study and culturing by Utermöhl and Koppe, in 1923, it was later renamed Macromonasbipunctata. This organism is thought to be non-pathogenic species. In fact, the moonmilk produced was referenced as a remedy for infections in the Middle Ages.
