Liatongus

Liatongus
Liatongus militaris
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Suborder:	Polyphaga
Infraorder:	Scarabaeiformia
Family:	Scarabaeidae
Tribe:	Oniticellini
Genus:	Liatongus Reitter, 1893

Liatongus is a genus of dung beetles in the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the scarab beetle family. ^{[1] [2]} At least part of the upper surfaces are without hairs; the head and pronotal disc are generally sculptured; and the genae are rounded, with little or no indentation between the clypeus and the genae. Length ranges from 7.4 to 10.9 mm. Colours vary: they may be uniform brown or dull purple, or have red, white or yellow patterns on the elytra. ^[1]

Distribution

Found in three regions: Afrotropical, Oriental to eastern Palearctic, and western Nearctic. ^[1]

Taxonomy

There are 38-46 species; 17 are from Africa. ^{[1] [3]}

Gallery

• 
  Liatongus militaris
• 
  Liatongus femoratus
• 
  Liatongus gagatinus
• 
  Liatongus incurvicornis
• 
  Liatongus mergacerus
• 
  Liatongus rhadamistus
• 
  Liatongus venator
• 
  Liatongus vertagus

Species

These 43 species belong to the genus Liatongus:

• Liatongus affinis (Arrow, 1908) ^{c g}
• Liatongus amitinus (Boucomont, 1921) ^{c g}
• Liatongus ancorifer Kral & Rejsek, 1999 ^{c g}
• Liatongus appositicornis Kral & Rejsek, 1999 ^{c g}
• Liatongus arrowi (Boucomont, 1921) ^{c g}
• Liatongus aterrimus (Boucomont, 1921) ^{c g}
• Liatongus bucerus (Fairmaire, 1891) ^{c g}
• Liatongus californicus (Horn, 1882) ^{i c g b}
• Liatongus clypeocornis Scheuern, 1988 ^{c g}
• Liatongus davidi (Boucomont, 1919) ^{c g}
• Liatongus denticornis (Fairmaire, 1887) ^{c g}
• Liatongus endroedii Balthasar, 1956 ^{c g}
• Liatongus femoratus (Illiger, 1800) ^{c g}
• Liatongus ferreirae Balthasar, 1964 ^{c g}
• Liatongus fulvostriatus D'Orbigny, 1916 ^{c g}
• Liatongus gagatinus (Hope, 1831) ^{c g}
• Liatongus hastatus Kral & Rejsek, 1999 ^{c g}
• Liatongus imitator Balthasar, 1938 ^{c g}
• Liatongus incurvicornis (Fairmaire, 1887) ^{c g}
• Liatongus indicus (Arrow, 1908) ^c
• Liatongus interruptus (Quedenfeldt, 1884) ^{c g}
• Liatongus martialis (Harold, 1879) ^{c g}
• Liatongus medius (Fairmaire, 1889) ^{c g}
• Liatongus mergacerus (Hope, 1831) ^{c g}
• Liatongus militaris (Castelnau, 1840) ^{c g}
• Liatongus minutus (Motschulsky, 1860) ^c
• Liatongus phanaeoides (Westwood, 1839) ^{c g}
• Liatongus pugionatus (Boheman, 1858) ^{c g}
• Liatongus raffrayi (Lansberge, 1886) ^{c g}
• Liatongus rhinoceros Arrow, 1931 ^{c g}
• Liatongus rhinocerulus (Bates, 1889) ^{c g}
• Liatongus schoutedeni (Boucomont, 1920) ^c
• Liatongus sjostedti (Felsche, 1904) ^{c g}
• Liatongus spathulatus (Roth, 1851) ^{c g}
• Liatongus taurus (Boucomont, 1920) ^{c g}
• Liatongus testudo (Lansberge, 1886) ^{c g}
• Liatongus triacanthus (Boucomont, 1920) ^{c g}
• Liatongus tridentatus (Boucomont, 1919) ^{c g}
• Liatongus tuberculicollis (Felsche, 1909) ^{c g}
• Liatongus upembanus Janssens, 1953 ^{c g}
• Liatongus urus (Kolbe, 1914) ^{c g}
• Liatongus venator (Fabricius, 1801) ^{c g}
• Liatongus vertagus (Fabricius, 1798) ^{c g}

Data sources: i = ITIS, ^[4] c = Catalogue of Life, ^[5] g = GBIF, ^[6] b = Bugguide.net ^[7]

References

1. Davis, Adrian L.V.; Frolov, Andrey V.; Scholtz, Clarke H. (2008). The African dung beetle genera (1st ed.). Pretoria: Protea Book House. p. 237. ISBN   9781869192440.
2. Philips, T. Keith (11 April 2016). "Phylogeny of the Oniticellini and Onthophagini dung beetles (Scarabaeidae, Scarabaeinae) from morphological evidence". ZooKeys (579): 9–57. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.579.6183 . PMC   4829968 . PMID   27110200.
3. "Liatongus - Wikispecies". species.wikimedia.org. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
4. "Liatongus Report". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
5. "Browse Liatongus". Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
6. "Liatongus". GBIF. Retrieved 2018-05-06.
7. "Liatongus Genus Information". BugGuide.net. Retrieved 2018-05-06.