Light Scattering Spectroscopy

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Light scattering spectroscopy (LSS) is a spectroscopic technique typically used to evaluate morphological changes in epithelial cells in order to study mucosal tissue and detect early cancer and precancer. [1] [2] [3]

Contents

Light scattering spectroscopy relies upon elastic scattering of photons reflected from the epithelium. Most of the signal is generated by light scattering from small intracellular structures, but larger intracellular structures, such as nuclei, also scatter light, with their relative contribution increasing in the backscatter direction. As changes in the morphology of epithelial cells are hallmarks of pre-cancer and early cancer, LSS can be used for early cancer diagnosis.

In addition to photons backscattering from epithelial cells, a major portion of photons penetrates the epithelium, reaching optically turbid connective tissue where they are scattered multiple times and partially absorbed by hemoglobin. As a result, it is not possible to measure single backscattering events directly in human tissue, [4] with polarization gating [5] and spatial gating [6] well-suited for endoscopy applications. [7] [8] [9] [10] [6] [11]

History

Lev T. Perelman, principal scientist at MIT, and Vadim Backman, graduate student in Harvard- MIT Health Sciences and Technology program introduced LSS in 1998. [1]

Applications

Light scattering spectroscopy has been applied for detection of precancer in many organs including esophagus, [1] [2] [3] [9] [10] [12] colon, [2] [13] [14] urinary bladder, [2] oral cavity, [2] cervix, [15] [16] pancreatic cyst, [11] [17] stomach, [18] skin, [19] and bile duct. [11]

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Perelman, L. T.; Backman, V.; Wallace, M.; Zonios, G.; Manoharan, R.; Nusrat, A.; Shields, S.; Seiler, M.; Lima, C.; Hamano, T.; Itzkan, I.; Van Dam, J.; Crawford, J. M.; Feld, M. S. (1998-01-19). "Observation of Periodic Fine Structure in Reflectance from Biological Tissue: A New Technique for Measuring Nuclear Size Distribution". Physical Review Letters. 80 (3): 627–630. Bibcode:1998PhRvL..80..627P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.627.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Backman, V.; Wallace, M. B.; Perelman, L. T.; Arendt, J. T.; Gurjar, R.; Müller, M. G.; Zhang, Q.; Zonios, G.; Kline, E.; McGillican, T.; Shapshay, S.; Valdez, T.; Badizadegan, K.; Crawford, J. M.; Fitzmaurice, M. (July 2000). "Detection of preinvasive cancer cells". Nature. 406 (6791): 35–36. doi:10.1038/35017638. ISSN   1476-4687. PMID   10894529. S2CID   4383575.
  3. 1 2 Wallace, Michael B.; Perelman, Lev T.; Backman, Vadim; Crawford, James M.; Fitzmaurice, Marianne; Seiler, Maurice; Badizadegan, Kamran; Shields, Steven J.; Itzkan, Irving; Dasari, Ramachandra R.; Van Dam, Jacques; Feld, Michael S. (September 2000). "Endoscopic detection of dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus using light-scattering spectroscopy". Gastroenterology. 119 (3): 677–682. doi:10.1053/gast.2000.16511. PMID   10982761.
  4. ↑ Perelman, Lev T (2006-11-01). "Optical diagnostic technology based on light scattering spectroscopy for early cancer detection". Expert Review of Medical Devices. 3 (6): 787–803. doi:10.1586/17434440.3.6.787. ISSN   1743-4440. PMID   17280544. S2CID   21857622.
  5. ↑ Backman, V.; Gurjar, R.; Badizadegan, K.; Itzkan, I.; Dasari, R.R.; Perelman, L.T.; Feld, M.S. (July 1999). "Polarized light scattering spectroscopy for quantitative measurement of epithelial cellular structures in situ". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 5 (4): 1019–1026. Bibcode:1999IJSTQ...5.1019B. doi:10.1109/2944.796325. ISSN   1558-4542.
  6. 1 2 Zhang, Lei; Pleskow, Douglas K.; Turzhitsky, Vladimir; Yee, Eric U.; Berzin, Tyler M.; Sawhney, Mandeep; Shinagare, Shweta; Vitkin, Edward; Zakharov, Yuri; Khan, Umar; Wang, Fen; Goldsmith, Jeffrey D.; Goldberg, Saveli; Chuttani, Ram; Itzkan, Irving (2017-03-13). "Light scattering spectroscopy identifies the malignant potential of pancreatic cysts during endoscopy". Nature Biomedical Engineering. 1 (4): 1–7. doi:10.1038/s41551-017-0040. ISSN   2157-846X. PMC   5646377 . PMID   29057146.
  7. ↑ Mourant, Judith R.; Johnson, Tamara M.; Freyer, James P. (2001-10-01). "Characterizing mammalian cells and cell phantoms by polarized backscattering fiber-optic measurements". Applied Optics. 40 (28): 5114–5123. Bibcode:2001ApOpt..40.5114M. doi:10.1364/AO.40.005114. ISSN   2155-3165. PMID   18364793.
  8. ↑ Myakov, Alexey V.; Nieman, Linda T.; Wicky, Lorenz; Utzinger, Urs; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca R.; Sokolov, Konstantin V. (July 2002). "Fiber optic probe for polarized reflectance spectroscopy in vivo: design and performance". Journal of Biomedical Optics. 7 (3): 388–397. Bibcode:2002JBO.....7..388M. doi: 10.1117/1.1483314 . ISSN   1083-3668. PMID   12175288. S2CID   23316164.
  9. 1 2 Qiu, Le; Pleskow, Douglas K.; Chuttani, Ram; Vitkin, Edward; Leyden, Jan; Ozden, Nuri; Itani, Sara; Guo, Lianyu; Sacks, Alana; Goldsmith, Jeffrey D.; Modell, Mark D.; Hanlon, Eugene B.; Itzkan, Irving; Perelman, Lev T. (May 2010). "Multispectral scanning during endoscopy guides biopsy of dysplasia in Barrett's esophagus". Nature Medicine. 16 (5): 603–606. doi:10.1038/nm.2138. ISSN   1546-170X. PMC   3052700 . PMID   20383155.
  10. 1 2 Qiu, Le; Chuttani, Ram; Pleskow, Douglas K.; Turzhitsky, Vladimir; Khan, Umar; Zakharov, Yuri N.; Zhang, Lei; Berzin, Tyler M.; Yee, Eric U.; Sawhney, Mandeep S.; Li, Yunping; Vitkin, Edward; Goldsmith, Jeffrey D.; Itzkan, Irving; Perelman, Lev T. (April 2018). "Multispectral light scattering endoscopic imaging of esophageal precancer". Light: Science & Applications. 7 (4): 17174. doi:10.1038/lsa.2017.174. ISSN   2047-7538. PMC   6060057 . PMID   30839534. Creative Commons by small.svg  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
  11. 1 2 3 Pleskow, Douglas K.; Sawhney, Mandeep S.; Upputuri, Paul K.; Berzin, Tyler M.; Coughlan, Mark F.; Khan, Umar; Glyavina, Maria; Zhang, Xuejun; Chen, Liming; Sheil, Conor J.; Cohen, Jonah M.; Vitkin, Edward; Zakharov, Yuri N.; Itzkan, Irving; Zhang, Lei (2023-01-07). "In vivo detection of bile duct pre-cancer with endoscopic light scattering spectroscopy". Nature Communications. 14 (1): 109. Bibcode:2023NatCo..14..109P. doi:10.1038/s41467-022-35780-7. ISSN   2041-1723. PMC   9825389 . PMID   36611024.
  12. ↑ Georgakoudi, Irene; Jacobson, Brian C.; Van Dam, Jacques; Backman, Vadim; Wallace, Michael B.; Müller, Markus G.; Zhang, Qingguo; Badizadegan, Kamran; Sun, Don; Thomas, Gordon A.; Perelman, Lev T.; Feld, Michael S. (2001-06-01). "Fluorescence, reflectance, and light-scattering spectroscopy for evaluating dysplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus". Gastroenterology. 120 (7): 1620–1629. doi: 10.1053/gast.2001.24842 . ISSN   0016-5085. PMID   11375944.
  13. ↑ Gurjar, Rajan S.; Backman, Vadim; Perelman, Lev T.; Georgakoudi, Irene; Badizadegan, Kamran; Itzkan, Irving; Dasari, Ramachandra R.; Feld, Michael S. (November 2001). "Imaging human epithelial properties with polarized light-scattering spectroscopy". Nature Medicine. 7 (11): 1245–1248. doi:10.1038/nm1101-1245. ISSN   1546-170X. PMID   11689891. S2CID   10756302.
  14. ↑ Backman, V.; Gopal, V.; Kalashnikov, M.; Badizadegan, K.; Gurjar, R.; Wax, A.; Georgakoudi, I.; Mueller, M.; Boone, C.W.; Dasari, R.R.; Feld, M.S. (November 2001). "Measuring cellular structure at submicrometer scale with light scattering spectroscopy". IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics. 7 (6): 887–893. Bibcode:2001IJSTQ...7..887B. doi:10.1109/2944.983289. ISSN   1558-4542.
  15. ↑ Georgakoudi, Irene; Sheets, Ellen E.; Müller, Markus G.; Backman, Vadim; Crum, Christopher P.; Badizadegan, Kamran; Dasari, Ramachandra R.; Feld, Michael S. (2002-03-01). "Trimodal spectroscopy for the detection and characterization of cervical precancers in vivo". American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 186 (3): 374–382. doi:10.1067/mob.2002.121075. ISSN   0002-9378. PMID   11904594.
  16. ↑ Sokolov, Konstantin; Drezek, Rebekah; Gossage, Kirk; Richards-Kortum, Rebecca (1999). "Reflectance spectroscopy with polarized light: Is it sensitive to cellular and nuclear morphology". Optics Express. 5 (13): 302–317. Bibcode:1999OExpr...5..302S. doi: 10.1364/OE.5.000302 . PMID   19401735.
  17. ↑ Pogue, Brian W.; Wang, Kenneth K. (2017-04-12). "Cancer diagnostics: Light scattering by pancreatic cysts". Nature Biomedical Engineering. 1 (4): 1–2. doi:10.1038/s41551-017-0060. ISSN   2157-846X. S2CID   90919028.
  18. ↑ Tuniyazi, Abudusalamu; Mu, Tingkui; Jiang, Xiaosa (2021). "Snapshot polarized light scattering spectroscopy using spectrally-modulated polarimetry for early gastric cancer detection". Journal of Biophotonics. 14 (9): e202100140. doi:10.1002/jbio.202100140. PMID   34089571. S2CID   235346068.
  19. ↑ Canpolat, Murat; Gökhan, A. Güzide; Çiftçioğlu, M. Akif; Erin, Nuray (June 2008). "Differentiation of Melanoma from Non-Cancerous Tissue in an Animal Model Using Elastic Light Single-Scattering Spectroscopy". Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment. 7 (3): 235–240. doi:10.1177/153303460800700309. ISSN   1533-0346. PMID   18473495. S2CID   41845322.
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