| Lilium brownii var. viridulum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Lilium |
| Species: | |
| Variety: | L. b. var. viridulum |
| Trinomial name | |
| Lilium brownii var. viridulum | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
| |
Lilium brownii var. viridulum is a variety of Lilium brownii native to China. [2]
Lilium brownii var. viridulum was named 百合 (bai he, "hundred united") in Chinese, referring to the numerous scales of a bulb. [3]
Its Korean name is 당나리 (Tang lily), indicating it was introduced from China. In the late 16th century, it was introduced to Japan, probably from Korea via the port of Hakata (the old name of Fukuoka), and therefore named ハカタユリ (Hakata lily) in Japanese. [4] However, there is another story in which the lily was given by a Chinese man to a Japanese woman in Hakata. [5]
The bulb of Lilium brownii var. viridulum has been used as food and medicine in China for about 2,000 years. [6] [7] Its cultivation occurred no later than 1,000 years ago, [8] after which many poems were written to praise the beauty and fragrance of its flower, indicating it was also widely cultivated as an ornamental plant back then. The famous 12th-century poet Lu You was especially fond of this lily and even grew some in front of his window. [9]
A landrace called "dragon-tooth lily" (龍牙百合 long ya bai he, depicting the appearance of the bulb scales) is especially renowned for its large-sized and good-quality bulb, and is one of the three most important lilies for culinary and medicinal uses in China. The other two are L. lancifolium and L. davidii var. unicolor. The bulb of the dragon-tooth lily has a bland taste, while the bulb of L. lancifolium is bitter and that of L. davidii var. unicolor is sweet. [10] In Taiwan, both the flower and bulbs are used as food, as are the other related species: L. lancifolium, L. pumilum and L. candidum . [11]
In botany, a bulb is a short underground stem with fleshy leaves or leaf bases that function as food storage organs during dormancy. In gardening, plants with other kinds of storage organ are also called ornamental bulbous plants or just bulbs.
Lilium lancifolium is an Asian species of lily, native to China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East. It is widely planted as an ornamental because of its showy orange-and-black flowers, and sporadically occurs as a garden escapee in North America, particularly the eastern United States including New England, and has made incursions into some southern states such as Georgia.
Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies. True lilies are known to be highly toxic to cats.
Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily or white lily, is a plant in the true lily family. It is native to the Balkans and Middle East, and naturalized in other parts of Europe, including France, Italy, and Ukraine, and in North Africa, the Canary Islands, Mexico, and other regions. It has been cultivated since antiquity, for at least 3,000 years, and has great symbolic value since then for many cultures. It is susceptible to several virus diseases common to lilies, and especially to Botrytis fungus. One technique to avoid problems with viruses is to grow plants from seed instead of bulblets.
Lilium martagon, the martagon lily or Turk's cap lily, is a Eurasian species of lily. It has a widespread native region extending from Portugal east through Europe and Asia as far east as Mongolia.
Lilium auratum is one of the true lilies. It is native to Japan and is sometimes called the golden-rayed lily or the goldband lily.
Lilium henryi, sometimes called tiger lily or Henry's lily, is a native lily of the mountains of central China. The flowers are orange, spotted black, and unscented. The petals are recurving, and eventually resemble those of the more widespread Turk's-cap lily.
Lilium speciosum is an East Asian species of plants in the lily family. It is native to southern Japan and southern China, where it can be found at elevations of 600–900 metres (2,000–3,000 ft). It is sometimes called the Japanese lily though there are other species with this common name.
Lilium regale, called the regal lily, royal lily, king's lily,or, in New Zealand, the Christmas lily, is a species of flowering plant in the lily family Liliaceae, with trumpet-shaped flowers. It is native to the western part of Sichuan Province in southwestern China, and cultivated elsewhere as an ornamental. It was introduced to England in 1903 by Ernest Henry Wilson.
Lilium nepalense, the lily of Nepal, is an Asian plant species in the lily family. It is native to the Himalayas and nearby regions: northern Thailand, northern Myanmar, Assam, Bhutan, Sikkim, Nepal, Uttarakhand, Tibet, and Yunnan. It can be found growing on wet forest borders at 1,200 to 3,000 m.
Lilium maculatum is a plant in the lily family native to Japan.
Lilium pumilum is an Asian species of bulbous plants native to Mongolia, Siberia, the Russian Far East, Korea and northern China.
Lilium pensylvanicum is an Asian plant species of the family Liliaceae. Sometimes called the Siberian lily, it is native to a cold climate and needs frost in the winter. It is found in the wild form in Siberia, the Russian Far East, Mongolia, northeast China, Korea and Hokkaidō.
Lilium tsingtauense, also known as twilight lily, is an East Asian species of plants in the lily family. It is native to Korea and eastern China.
Lilium medeoloides is an East Asian herb in the lily family. It is native to southeast China, Jeju-do in Korea, Japan and eastern Russia, where it grows in forests and on grassy and rocky subalpine areas.
Lilium fargesii is a Chinese species of plants in the lily family native to Hubei, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces of China.
Lilium concolor is a species of flowering plant in the lily family which occurs naturally in China, Japan, Korea and Russia. Its relationship with other species is not clear, although it has some similarities to Lilium pumilum.
Lilium formosanum, also known as the Formosa lily or Taiwanese lily, is a plant species in the lily family, endemic to Taiwan. It is closely related to the Easter lily found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, eastern and northern Taiwan. Both species are cultivated for their showy, trumpet-shaped flowers. Lilium formosanum has become naturalized in scattered locations in Africa, Australia, and the Americas.
Lilium brownii is a species of lily native to Mainland China, Hong Kong, Kinmen and Matsu Islands as well as northern and central Vietnam and Kachin of Myanmar. Its common names include Hong Kong lily and Brown's lily.