| Lilium chalcedonicum | |
|---|---|
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| Lilium chalcedonicum in habitat at Pindus National Park, Greece | |
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| Flower | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Liliales |
| Family: | Liliaceae |
| Subfamily: | Lilioideae |
| Tribe: | Lilieae |
| Genus: | Lilium |
| Species: | L. chalcedonicum |
| Binomial name | |
| Lilium chalcedonicum | |
| Synonyms [1] | |
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Lilium chalcedonicum is a European species of Liriotypus lily, native to Tuscany, Greece and Albania. [1] [2]
The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 on Mount Chalcedon in Thessaly, under its current name. [3] Ιn addition to the genus of the same name, the varieties Lilium chalcedonicum var. maculatum, which bore denser flowers, and Lilium chalcedonicum var. heldreichii, which always produces only one flower, with base leaves wider and upper leaves very small, were named. [4] [5] However, these two varieties are no longer recognized. [6]
This species hybridizes with Lilium candidum, creating Lilium x testaceum. [5]
It is a perennial, herbaceous plant, which can usually reach a height of 35-70 centimeters, [6] but in some cases it can reach up to 1.5 meters. The bulb is yellowish-white and wide. The stem is green and covered entirely by lanceolate-serrate leaves, slightly twisted. The lower leaves are horizontal, 5–15 cm long and 4–8 cm wide. The upper ones are smaller, rather upright, and cover the stem. [7]
The flowers are red, up to 10 cm long, borne all together at the top of the stem. They can be from 1 to 6 in number, but as many as 12 when cultivated in good, humus-rich soil in somewhat damp, shady places. [8] They face downwards and the petals turn backwards. They bear a heavy scent, with orange pollen and stamens that protrude from the perianth. The flowers appear rather late, usually July.
It is native to the Balkans but it can also be found in Tuscany. In the Balkans, it spreads from southern Albania across much of mainland Greece, as well as on the islands of the Ionian Sea and Aegean Sea. It thrives in cool areas, mainly in glades of deciduous and boxwood forests of mountainous regions as well as meadows on calcareous, rocky soils at an altitude of 600–1700 meters. [5] [6]
This species highly resents being moved, probably the main reason it is rarely seen in commerce. [9]
Its earliest known depiction is in a Minoan fresco dating back 3,500 years to the Bronze Age, discovered on the Aegean coast on the island of Santorini, which was buried by a volcano with the Minoan eruption. [10]
Because of its striking appearance it has been cultivated since at least the 16th century. [6] It was supposedly introduced to Europe by Master Harbran from Istanbul in 1597. [5] Due to its resemblance to a turban, it is sometimes referred to as the Turk, however it should not be confused with the similar North American lily Lilium superbum.
In the Victorian language of flowers, lilies portray love, ardor, and affection for your loved ones, while orange lilies stand for happiness, love, and warmth. [11]
Lilium lancifolium is an Asian species of lily, native to China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East. It is widely planted as an ornamental because of its showy orange-and-black flowers, and sporadically occurs as a garden escapee in North America, particularly the eastern United States including New England, and has made incursions into some southern states such as Georgia.
Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers. They are the true lilies. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. Many other plants have "lily" in their common names, but do not belong to the same genus and are therefore not true lilies. True lilies are known to be highly toxic to cats.
Lilium candidum, the Madonna lily or white lily, is a plant in the true lily family. It is native to the Balkans and Middle East, and naturalized in other parts of Europe, including France, Italy, and Ukraine, and in North Africa, the Canary Islands, Mexico, and other regions. It has been cultivated since antiquity, for at least 3,000 years, and has great symbolic value since then for many cultures. It is susceptible to several virus diseases common to lilies, and especially to Botrytis fungus. One technique to avoid problems with viruses is to grow plants from seed instead of bulblets.
The sand leek, also known as rocambole and Korean pickled-peel garlic, is a Eurasian species of wild onion with a native range extending across much of Europe, Middle East, and Korea. The species should not be confused with rocambole garlic, which is A. sativum var. ophioscorodon.
Lilium martagon, the martagon lily or Turk's cap lily, is a Eurasian species of lily. It has a widespread native region extending from Portugal east through Europe and Asia as far east as Mongolia.
Hemerocallis fulva, the orange day-lily, tawny daylily, corn lily, tiger daylily, fulvous daylily, ditch lily or Fourth of July lily, is a species of daylily native to Asia. It is very widely grown as an ornamental plant in temperate climates for its showy flowers and ease of cultivation. It is not a true lily in the genus Lilium, but gets its common name from the superficial similarity of its flowers to Lilium and from the fact that each flower lasts only one day.
Yucca gloriosa is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to the southeastern United States. Growing to 2.5 m (8 ft), it is an evergreen shrub. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental for its architectural qualities, and has reportedly become established in warmer climates in the wild in various parts of the world.
Lilium columbianum is a lily native to western North America. It is also known as the Columbia lily, Columbia tiger lily, or simply tiger lily.
Fritillaria camschatcensis is a species of flowering plant native to northeastern Asia and northwestern North America, including northern Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska, northern Japan, and the Russian Far East. It has many common names, including Kamchatka fritillary and Kamchatka lily.
Lilium bosniacum is a lily native to Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is also known as zlatni ljiljan and Bosanski ljiljan.
Lilium pensylvanicum is an Asian plant species of the family Liliaceae. Sometimes called the Siberian lily, it is native to a cold climate and needs frost in the winter. It is found in the wild form in Siberia, the Russian Far East, Mongolia, northeast China, Korea and Hokkaidō.
Lilium medeoloides is an East Asian herb in the lily family. It is native to southeast China, Jeju-do in Korea, Japan and eastern Russia, where it grows in forests and on grassy and rocky subalpine areas.
Lilium concolor is a species of flowering plant in the lily family which occurs naturally in China, Japan, Korea and Russia. Its relationship with other species is not clear, although it has some similarities to Lilium pumilum.
Tulipa saxatilis is a Greek and Turkish species of plant in the genus Tulipa of the family Liliaceae.
Lilium formosanum, also known as the Formosa lily or Taiwanese lily, is a plant species in the lily family, endemic to Taiwan. It is closely related to the Easter lily found in the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, eastern and northern Taiwan. Both species are cultivated for their showy, trumpet-shaped flowers. Lilium formosanum has become naturalized in scattered locations in Africa, Australia, and the Americas.
Lilium rhodopeum is a European species of plants in the lily family. It is endemic to the Rhodopi Mountains of Bulgaria and Greece, where it is found in alpine meadows and on mountain slopes. It is as critically endangered and listed as an IUCN red list threatened species. This Balkan endemic can be found in Bulgaria and Greece where it is native to the Rhodopi mountains from which it takes it name.
Iris hellenica is a plant species in the genus Iris and the subgenus Iris. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Saitas Mountain, in the Peloponnese Region of Greece. It has grey-green, sickle-shaped leaves, a tall slender stem, 2–3 white, lavender-blue, lilac or purple flowers and orange/purple beards. It was thought once to be a hybrid species of Iris germanica which also grows in the same area, before being separated into 2 species. It has only recently been published and is rarely cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.
P. Arne K. Strid is a Swedish botanist and expert on Greek flora.
Acis ionica is a species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae, native from south-western Albania to western Greece. It was initially confused with what is now Acis valentina, a species found in Spain near Valencia.
Lilium papilliferum is a species of the lily genus (Lilium) in the Oriental hybrids division (VII). The species, about which little is known, has only been collected a few times and is native to north-central and south-central China. Its deep dark red flower color is unique in the genus.
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