List of Latin music subgenres

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The earliest subgenres of Latin music is the corrido, a subgenre originating from popular music or Latin pop; a subclass of Latin music. [1] Corrido music had its beginnings in Iberian folk in medieval Europe. [1] The genre shared similarities to medieval cancioneros, through the European colonization of the Americas in the 15th century and the slave trade that followed, the lyrics were romanticized with heroic figures as the song's protagonist. [1] Although the term "Latin music" varies between sources, [1] the general consensus is that of genres originating in Latin America, the United States, and Iberian Peninsula, or music in Spanish. [1] Although subgenres changes classification over time and various genres are clustered in subclasses of larger scopes, [1] this timeline does not include regionalized identities of Latin music (e.g., "Dominican merengue", "Chilean folk", and "Puerto Rican salsa" for an example) are excluded in this list as they share or are under the same umbrella of their respective genres with slightly varying differences. Latin music is vastly large and it is impossible to include every subgenre on any list. [1] Latin music shares a mixture of Indengious and European cultures, and in the 1550s included African influence. [2] In the late 1700s, popular European dances and music, such as contradanzas and danzones, were introduced to Latin music. [2] Through the 1800s, former colonies of Spain achieved independence and began performing narrative songs that were of national and local interest. [2] The polka and accordion were introduced to Latin music in the 1860s, while Rosendo Mendizábal's "El Enterriano" (1897) became the first tango recording. [2]

Contents

Subgenres of Latin music

GenreSubclassGenre originatedDate of originLocale of originNotable artists
Merengue Tropical music Uncertain. It has been theorized to have originated from Hatian mereng, [3] and an Afro-Cuban dance called the upa. [4] The genre possibly originated in the mid-1800s, or roughly around 1844 (see Dominican War of Independence). [5] [4] Uncertain, theorized from Haiti (Haitian France) and/or Africa (Bantu people of Madagascar). [3] [nb 1] Juan Luis Guerra • Elvis Crespo • Olga Tañon • Manny Manuel
Salsa Tropical music Cuban son, New York jazz. [6] 1950s [7] New York City. [7] [nb 2] Celia Cruz • Hector Lavoe • Willie Colon • Marc Anthony
Trova Tropical music Spanish folk music and nueva canción. [9] 1953 (see Cuban Revolution) [10] Cuba [10] María Teresa Vera • Silvio Rodriguez • Noel Nicola • Carlos Varela
Bolero Tropical musicSpanish folk [11] 18th century [11] Mallorca [11] María Teresa Vera • Silvio Rodriguez • Noel Nicola • Carlos Varela
Latin pop Latin pop Pop music (American pop, Chicano rock), freestyle music, [12] and traditional Latin music. [13] late-1950s, [12] 1960s [13] United States [13] (Miami and New York City), Latin America [12] Ritchie Valens • Ricky Martin • Enrique Iglesias • Shakira
Bachata Tropical musicCuban bolero (guitar bolero), [14] African music. [15] 1960s [16] Dominican Republic. [16] Luis Segura • Melida Rodriguez • Aventura • Prince Royce
Banda Regional Mexican Early ranchera music. [17] Late-20th century. [17] Mexico. [17] Jenni Rivera • Julión Álvarez • Juan Gabriel • Ana Bárbara
Latin jazz Latin pop jazz, Spanish tinge [18] 1910s. [18] United States. [18] Tito Puente • Machito • Antonio Carlos Jobim • Magos Herrera
Tejano Regional Mexican Traditional Mexican (conjunto, musica nortena, corridos), American pop. [19] 20th century. [20] Texas (South Texas). [19] Selena • Bruno Villareal • La Mafia • Emilio Navaira
Reggaeton Latin urban Reggae, hip-hop, Spanish Caribbean music, [21] disco [22] Late-1990s. [21] Puerto Rico. [21] Daddy Yankee • Don Omar • Ivy Queen • J Balvin
Mariachi Regional Mexican Waltz, polka, [23] bolero [24] 1920 [24] Mexico. [23] Vicente Fernandez • Lola Beltran • Antonio Aguilar • Pedro Infante

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ According to various musicologists and historians, Dominicans often downplay, ignore, or deny that the genre originated from Haiti as well as downplaying, ignoring, and denying any Haitian involvement in the development of merengue music. [3] [5] Dominican society claims the genre originated in the Dominican Republic, though Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Haiti, have claimed that the genre originated in their homelands. [5]
  2. ↑ Both Puerto Rico and Cuba have claimed the genre originated in their territories. [8]

Related Research Articles

The music of Latin America refers to music originating from Latin America, namely the Romance-speaking regions of the Americas south of the United States. Latin American music also incorporate the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Due to its highly syncretic nature, Latin American music encompasses a wide variety of styles, including influential genres such as cumbia, bachata, bossa nova, merengue, rumba, salsa, samba, son, and tango. During the 20th century, many styles were influenced by the music of the United States giving rise to genres such as Latin pop, rock, jazz, hip hop, and reggaeton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salsa music</span> Latin American dance music genre

Salsa music is a style of Caribbean music, combining elements of Cuban, Puerto Rican, and American influences. Because most of the basic musical components predate the labeling of salsa, there have been many controversies regarding its origin. Most songs considered as salsa are primarily based on son montuno and son Cubano, with elements of cha-cha-chá, bolero, rumba, mambo, jazz, R&B, rock, bomba, and plena. All of these elements are adapted to fit the basic Son montuno template when performed within the context of salsa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Güiro</span> Latin American percussion instrument

The güiro is a percussion instrument consisting of an open-ended, hollow gourd with parallel notches cut in one side. It is played by rubbing a stick or tines along the notches to produce a ratchet sound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of the Dominican Republic</span>

The music of the Dominican Republic is primarily influenced by Western European music, with Sub-Saharan African and native Taino influences. The Dominican Republic is mainly known for its merengue and bachata music, both of which are the most famous styles of music in the Dominican Republic, and have been exported and popularized around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Music of Puerto Rico</span>

The Music of Puerto Rico has evolved as a heterogeneous and dynamic product of diverse cultural resources. The most conspicuous musical sources of Puerto Rico have primarily included African, Taino Indigenous, and European influences. Puerto Rican music culture today comprises a wide and rich variety of genres, ranging from essentially native genres such as bomba, jíbaro, seis, danza, and plena to more recent hybrid genres such as salsa, Latin trap and reggaeton. Broadly conceived, the realm of "Puerto Rican music" should naturally comprise the music culture of the millions of people of Puerto Rican descent who have lived in the United States, especially in New York City. Their music, from salsa to the boleros of Rafael Hernández, cannot be separated from the music culture of Puerto Rico itself.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Merengue music</span> Music genre of Dominican Republic

Merengue is a type of music and dance originating in present day Dominican Republic which has become a very popular genre throughout Latin America, and also in several major cities in the United States with Latino communities. Merengue was inscribed on November 30, 2016 in the representative list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity of UNESCO.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Merengue (dance)</span> Style of Dominican dance

Merengue is a style of Dominican music and dance. Merengue is the national dance of the Dominican Republic and is also important to national identity in the country. It is a type of danced walk and is accessible to a large variety of people with or without dance experience. The music of merengue draws influence from European and Afro-Cuban styles and mainly uses instruments like guitars, drums, and a charrasca or metal scraper. The dance originated as a rural dance and later became a ballroom dance. Merengue has three distinct sections: the paseo, the merengue proper, and the closing jaleo which includes improvisation.

Afro-Caribbean music is a broad term for music styles originating in the Caribbean from the African diaspora. These types of music usually have West African/Central African influence because of the presence and history of African people and their descendants living in the Caribbean, as a result of the trans-Atlantic slave trade. These distinctive musical art forms came about from the cultural mingling of African, Indigenous, and European inhabitants. Characteristically, Afro-Caribbean music incorporates components, instruments and influences from a variety of African cultures, as well as Indigenous and European cultures.

Regional Mexican music refers collectively to the regional subgenres of the country music of Mexico and its derivatives from the Southwestern United States. Each subgenre is representative of a certain region and its popularity also varies by regions. Subgenres include banda, country en Español, Duranguense, grupero, mariachi, New Mexico music, Norteño, Sierreño, Tejano, and Tierra Caliente. It is among the most popular radio formats targeting Mexican Americans in the United States.

Latin pop is a pop music subgenre that is a fusion of US–style music production with Latin music genres from anywhere in Latin America and Spain. Originating with Spanish-speaking musicians, Latin pop may also be made by musicians in Portuguese and the various Romance Creole languages. Latin pop usually combines upbeat Latin music with American pop music. Latin pop is commonly associated with Spanish-language pop, rock, and dance music.

Méringue, also called méringue lente or méringue de salon, is a dance music and national symbol in Haiti. It is a string-based style played on the guitar, horn section, piano, and other string instruments unlike the accordion-based merengue, and is generally sung in Haitian Creole and French, as well as in English and Spanish.

Tropical music is a term in the Latin music industry that refers to music genres deriving from or influenced by the Spanish-speaking areas of the Caribbean. It includes the islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and the Caribbean coastal regions of Colombia, Mexico, Central America and Venezuela.

While the Dominican Republic is known for shaping merengue and bachata music, its musicians have also melded these influences into the early development of salsa music amongst the Latin community of New York City in the early 1960s. A major development in those initial days of salsa occurred when Johnny Pacheco, a Dominican-born musician living in New York City, teamed with partner Jerry Masucci to create Fania Records in 1964. They started selling records from the trunk of cars on the streets of Spanish Harlem, signing up young artists, creating new sounds, and eventually having hit records. Over the next 15 years, Fania Records helped define the sound, culture, and language associated with the salsa genre, a musical movement that arose partly from the unavailability in the United States of music produced in Cuba.

Merenhouse, merenrap or electronic merengue,Mambo o Mambo de Calle is a style of Dominican merengue music formed by blending with dancehall reggae and hip hop. The mix of Latin music, house music and dancehall started in NYC in the late 1980s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latin music</span> Music from Ibero-America or sung in Spanish or Portuguese

Latin music is a term used by the music industry as a catch-all category for various styles of music from Ibero-America, which encompasses Latin America, Spain, Portugal, and the Latino population in Canada and the United States, as well as music that is sung in either Spanish and/or Portuguese. It may also include music from other territories where Spanish- and Portuguese-language music is made.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Latin music in Canada</span>

The introduction of Latin music in Canada began during the immigration waves of Hispanics into the country. The commercialization of Latin music emerged during the "Latin explosion" or "Latin invasion" of the 1990s after American Latinos began competing with Canadian recording artists and receiving music certifications issued by Music Canada. Since 1999, Latin musicians have gained popularity on radios, at nightclubs, music festivals, and appearances on television in Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Women in Latin music</span>

Women have made significant contributions to Latin music, a genre which predates Italian explorer Christopher Columbus' arrival in Latin America in 1492 and the Spanish colonization of the Americas. The earliest musicians were Native Americans, hundreds of ethnic groups across the continent, whose lyrics "reflect conflict, beauty, pain, and loss that mark all human experience." Indigenous communities reserved music for women, who were given equal opportunities with men to teach, perform, sing, and dance. Ethnomusicologists have measured ceramic, animal-bone, and cane flutes from the Inca Empire which indicate a preference for women with a high vocal range. Women had equal social status, were trained, and received the same opportunities in music as men in indigenous communities until the arrival of Columbus in the late 15th century. European settlers brought patriarchal, machismo ideologies to the continent, replacing the idea of equality between men and women. They equated native music with "savagery" and European music with "civilization". Female musicians tended to be darker-skinned as a result of the slave trade, and contemporary society denigrated music as a profession. Latin music became Africanized, with syncopated rhythms and call-and-response; European settlement introduced harmony and the Spanish décima song form.

This article includes an overview of the major events and trends in Latin music in the 1980s, namely in Ibero-America. This includes recordings, festivals, award ceremonies, births and deaths of Latin music artists, and the rise and fall of various subgenres in Latin music from 1980 to 1989.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1990s in Latin music</span> Major events and trends in Latin music in the 1990s

This article includes an overview of trends in Latin music in the 1990s, namely in Ibero-America. This includes the rise and fall of various subgenres in Latin music from 1990 to 1999.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Stavans 2014.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Torres 2014.
  3. 1 2 3 Austerlitz 1997, p. 2.
  4. 1 2 Brill 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 Sellers 2004, p. 63.
  6. ↑ Waxer 2013, p. 27.
  7. 1 2 Rondón 2010, p. 1.
  8. ↑ Waxer 2013, p. 26.
  9. ↑ Moore 2006, p. 136.
  10. 1 2 Moore 2006, p. 135.
  11. 1 2 3 Clark 2013, p. 152.
  12. 1 2 3 Stavans 2014, p. 407.
  13. 1 2 3 Rodriguez 2005, p. 19.
  14. ↑ Stavans 2014, p. 47.
  15. ↑ Stavans 2014, p. 48.
  16. 1 2 Stavans 2014, p. 46.
  17. 1 2 3 Stavans 2014, p. 57.
  18. 1 2 3 Stavans 2014, p. 404.
  19. 1 2 Miguel 2002, pp. 3, 5.
  20. ↑ Miguel 2002, p. 5.
  21. 1 2 3 Rivera, Marshall & Hernandez 2010, p. 1.
  22. ↑ Smith 2010, p. 45.
  23. 1 2 Nieto & Phillips 2005, p. 48.
  24. 1 2 Anon. & n.d. (a).

Bibliography

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