This is a list of genera in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae , which includes the soapberries ( Sapindus ), maples ( Acer ), and paullinias, amongst others. As currently circumscribed, the family contains approximatively 1900 species into over 140 genera classified into 4 subfamilies. [1]
The circumscription of Sapindaceae encompasses the former Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae families as tribes in subfamily Hippocastanoideae. Although the classification at subfamilial level is fairly well-established, the circumscription at tribal and generic level remains only partially resolved, especially in the larger subfamily Sapindoideae, which has led the most recent revision to treat the majority of these genera without placing them in a tribe. [1] Another recent study hints at even more incongruity between traditional circumscription and molecular evidence. [2]
Changes have included the synonymization of Distichostemon with Dodonaea , [3] and Neotina and Tinopsis with Tina . [4] Additionally, not all authors agree about the broad circumscription that ensues from placing Xanthoceras as the sister group to the three traditional families as the resulting Sapindaceae sensu lato , unlike the traditional families, is difficult to characterize. [1] [5] As a result, the elevation of Xanthoceroideae to family level was proposed, which would have removed six genera from Sapindaceae and Hippocastanoideae. [5]
This list follows the updated classification of Buerki et al. [6]
(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Dodonaea Mill.
Radlk. 1890. Type genus: Doratoxylon Thouars ex Hook.f.
(Durande) Dumort. (1827). Type genus: Acer L.
(DC.) Dumort. (1827). Type genus: Aesculus L.
Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type genus: Athyana (Griseb.) Radlk.
Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Blomia Miranda
Acev.‐Rodr. (2017). Type genus: Bridgesia Bertero ex Cambess.
Blume (1857). Type genus: Cupania L.
Buerki, Callm. & Acev.‐Rodr. (2021). Type genus: Guindilia Gillies ex Hook. & Arn.
Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Haplocoelum Radlk.
Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Koelreuteria Laxm.
Blume (1847). Type genus: Melicoccus P.Browne
Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Nephelium L.
(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Paullinia L.
(Kunth) DC. (1824). Type genus: Sapindus L.
Radlk. (1890). Type genus: Schleichera Willd.
Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Stadtmannia Lam. ex. Poir.
Blume (1847). Type genus: Thouinia Poit.
Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Tristiropsis Radlk.
Buerki & Callm. (2021). Type genus: Ungnadia Endl.
A number of fossil genera have been placed within Sapindaceae, many being morphogenera and lacking subfamilial identification [88]
Celtis is a genus of about 60–70 species of deciduous trees, commonly known as hackberries or nettle trees, in the hemp family Cannabaceae. It has a cosmopolitan distribution.
Alectryon is a genus of about 30 species of trees and shrubs from the family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally across Australasia, Papuasia, Melanesia, western Polynesia, east Malesia and Southeast Asia, including across mainland Australia, especially diverse in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, the Torres Strait Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, Indonesia and the Philippines. They grow in a wide variety of natural habitats, from rainforests, gallery forests and coastal forests to arid savannas and heaths.
Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation. Plants in the genus Harpullia are usually dioecious shrubs or trees covered with simple or star-shaped hairs. The leaves are paripinnate and the flowers are usually arranged in leaf axils, usually with 5 petals, 5 to 8 stamens and a 2-locular ovary. The fruit is a 2-lobed capsule.
Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Diploglottis is a genus of 11 species in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae. Most species only occur in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, but all species except one are endemic to eastern Australia, with the exception being D. diphyllostegia, which also occurs in New Guinea. They are commonly called tamarinds, for example northern tamarind, Babinda tamarind and Bernie's tamarind, however they are not closely related to the true tamarind from the family Fabaceae.
Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.
Allophylus is a genus within the plant family Sapindaceae. It includes 211 species with a pantropical distribution.
Wimmeria is a genus of shrubs to small trees in the family Celastraceae. It is named after German botanist Christian Friedrich Heinrich Wimmer (1803–1868).
Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer, was a Bavarian taxonomist and botanist.
Lepisanthes is a genus of 24 or 25 species of trees or shrubs native to tropical Africa, south and southeast Asia, Australia, and Madagascar.
Dodonaeoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae.
Sarcopteryx is a genus of about 12 rainforest tree species known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. They occur in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas.
Lepidopetalum is a genus of six species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Xerospermum is a small genus of Asian plants of the family Sapindaceae.
Sapindoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It includes a number of fruit trees, including lychees, longans, rambutans, and quenepas.
Majidea is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Sapindaceae.