Elattostachys | |
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Elattostachys microcarpa foliage and fruiting capsules, open, seeds gone | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Sapindaceae |
Subfamily: | Sapindoideae |
Genus: | Elattostachys (Blume) Radlk. [1] [2] |
Species | |
See text |
Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. [2] [3]
They grow naturally in the New Guinea, the Moluccas, Sulawesi, Indonesia, Timor, Australia, New Caledonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Niue, Tonga, Palau (Caroline Islands) and the Philippines. [2] [3]
The known centre of diversity of New Guinea has nine known species recognised by science as of 2013 [update] . [4]
In Australia, they grow naturally through the northern half of the eastern coastal zone, northwards from the Newcastle region in New South Wales through eastern Queensland to the northernmost point of Australia Cape York Peninsula. [2] [5] [6] [7] [8] One of them E. xylocarpa has a common name of white tamarind, while another E. nervosa has a common name of beetroot tree. A few members of the Australian Sapindaceae are called tamarinds, although they have no close relation to the true tamarind, which is a member of the bean family.
At the global scale, several Elattostachys species have been threatened with extinction, as officially recognised by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
Three New Guinea endemic species E. aiyurensis, E. goropuensis and E. rubrofructus, one Sulawesi endemic species E. erythrocarpum and one New Caledonia endemic species E. dzumacensis have been vulnerable to global extinction according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment. [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
European science formally named and described this genus in 1879, authored by Bavarian botanist Ludwig A. T. Radlkofer, [1] [2] [3] based on Carl Ludwig Blume's 1849 published Cupania sect. Elattostachys.
In 1992–3 Dutch botanist Frits Adema formally published new names and descriptions for numerous species and clarified species named previously, of the Pacific Islands and Malesia regions. [14] [15] [16]
This listing was sourced from Flora Malesiana , [3] the Census of Vascular Plants of Papua New Guinea, [4] the Checklist of the vascular indigenous Flora of New Caledonia, [17] peer reviewed published scientific species descriptions journal articles, [14] [15] [16] [18] the International Union for Conservation of Nature Redlist conservation status assessments, [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] the Flora of Micronesia checklist, [19] Flora Vitiensis (Fiji), [20] the Australian Plant Name Index and Australian Plant Census , [2] the Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants information system, [5] Fruits of the Australian Tropical Rainforest, [6] the Flora of New South Wales and the Flora of Australia .: [7] [8]
Alectryon is a genus of about 30 species of trees and shrubs from the family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally across Australasia, Papuasia, Melanesia, western Polynesia, east Malesia and Southeast Asia, including across mainland Australia, especially diverse in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, the Torres Strait Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, Indonesia and the Philippines. They grow in a wide variety of natural habitats, from rainforests, gallery forests and coastal forests to arid savannas and heaths.
Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 67 species of trees and shrubs of the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, New Caledonia, Australia, Torres Strait Islands, Fiji, Samoa, Sulawesi, Micronesia. Many species have been threatened with extinction globally or nationally, with official recognition by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and several national and state governments.
Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation.
Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Guioa is a genus of about 78 rainforest tree species known to science, which constitute part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution, ranging from throughout Malesia, in Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, Java, Flores, Timor, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, further southwards through the east coast of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia and further eastwards to the Pacific Islands, including Tonga, New Caledonia, Fiji and Samoa.
Diploglottis is a genus of 10 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in rainforests and margins of adjoining humid forests in eastern Australia and New Guinea. Some species are known as native tamarind or small-leaved tamarind; they have no direct relationship with the true tamarind.
Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Atalaya is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs of the plant family Sapindaceae. As of 2013 fourteen species grow naturally in Australia and in neighbouring New Guinea only one endemic species is known to science. Three species are known growing naturally in southern Africa, including two species endemic to South Africa and one species in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique.
Lepiderema is a genus of nine species of trees from the family Sapindaceae. As of November 2013 botanists know of seven species growing naturally in Australia and two species in New Guinea. Published botanical science provides a limited knowledge of the full range of diversity in Australia and especially in New Guinea. In New Guinea the two known species have descriptions based each on only a single type specimen collection. Therefore, collection of more specimens and more species is most likely in New Guinea. In Australia they grow in rainforests of the northern half of the east coast side of the Great Dividing Range, from northeastern New South Wales through to northeastern Queensland.
Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.
Sarcopteryx is a genus of about 12 rainforest tree species known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. They occur in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas.
Mischarytera is a genus of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. Four species are known to science as of December 2013, found growing naturally in eastern Queensland, Australia, and in New Guinea. Formerly until 1995, they had names within the genus Arytera, subgenus Mischarytera.
Sarcotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Rhysotoechia is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Lepidopetalum is a genus of six species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Cnesmocarpon is a genus of 4 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Trigonachras is a genus of 8 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Dictyoneura is a genus of two-to-three species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Alectryon connatus, sometimes named hairy alectryon, is a species of small trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.