Cupaniopsis

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Cupaniopsis
Cupaniopsis anacardioides Wyrrabalong National Park.jpg
Cupaniopsis anacardioides in Wyrrabalong National Park
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Tribe: Cupanieae
Genus: Cupaniopsis
Radlk. [1]
Type species
Cupaniopsis anacardioides [2]
(A.Rich.) Radlk. [2]
Species

See text

Cupaniopsis anacardioides Fruits and foliage Cupaniopsis anacardioides 1.jpg
Cupaniopsis anacardioides Fruits and foliage
Cupaniopsis baileyana leaves and flowers Cupaniopsis foveolata leaves and flowers.jpg
Cupaniopsis baileyana leaves and flowers
Cupaniopsis flagelliformis var. australis seedling Cupaniopsis flagelliformis var. australis.jpg
Cupaniopsis flagelliformis var. australis seedling
Cupaniopsis newmanii foliage of young specimen Cupaniopsis newmanii leaves.jpg
Cupaniopsis newmanii foliage of young specimen
Cupaniopsis wadsworthii flowers Cupaniopsis wadsworthii flowers.jpg
Cupaniopsis wadsworthii flowers

Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 45 species of flowering plants in the family, Sapindaceae and are native to Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Vanuatu, Samoa, Torres Strait Islands, Micronesia and Australia. [1] Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees with paripinnate with small, regular flowers with 5 sepals and petals with 6 to 10 stamens and the fruit a capsule.

Contents

Description

Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees, either monoecious or diecious with paripinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs or alternately along the branches, the flowers arranged in leaf axils in raceme-like or panicle-like groups. The flowers are small, have 5 sepals and 5 petals with 6 to 10 stamens, the ovary usually with 3 locules. The fruit is an oval to more or less spherical, slightly fleshy capsule. The seed is elliptical with a thin, cup-shaped aril that usually nearly encloses the seed. [2] [3]

Taxonomy

The genus Cupaniopsis was first formally described in 1879 by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer in the journal Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen. [4] The first species he named, the type species, was Cupaniopsis anacardioides . The genus name (Cupaniopsis) means a 'resemblance to the genus Cupania', in turn, named after the Italian monk, Francesco Cupani. [5]

Species list

The following is a list of Cupaniopsis species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at August 2024: [1]

In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema. [6]

Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles [7] [8] and the Flora of Australia treatment. [2]

Conservation status

Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species C. crassivalvis has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment. [9]

In Australia, C. shirleyana [10] and C. tomentella [11] are listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and C. cooperorum is listed as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act . [12] C. newmannii is listed as "near threatened" under the same Act. [13] C. serrata is listed as "endangered" in New South Wales under the Biodiversity Conservation Act . [3]

Invasive species

C. anacardioides has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name carrotwood applies. [14]

Related Research Articles

<i>Alectryon</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

Alectryon is a genus of about 30 species of trees and shrubs from the family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally across Australasia, Papuasia, Melanesia, western Polynesia, east Malesia and Southeast Asia, including across mainland Australia, especially diverse in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, the Torres Strait Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, Indonesia and the Philippines. They grow in a wide variety of natural habitats, from rainforests, gallery forests and coastal forests to arid savannas and heaths.

<i>Harpullia</i> Genus of trees

Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation. Plants in the genus Harpullia are usually dioecious shrubs or trees covered with simple or star-shaped hairs. The leaves are paripinnate and the flowers are usually arranged in leaf axils, usually with 5 petals, 5 to 8 stamens and a 2-locular ovary. The fruit is a 2-lobed capsule.

<i>Jagera</i> (plant) Genus of trees

Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Guioa</i> Genus of plants

Guioa is a genus of about 78 rainforest tree species known to science, which constitute part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution, ranging from throughout Malesia, in Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, Java, Flores, Timor, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, further southwards through the east coast of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia and further eastwards to the Pacific Islands, including Tonga, New Caledonia, Fiji and Samoa.

<i>Diploglottis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Diploglottis is a genus of 11 species in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae. Most species only occur in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, but all species except one are endemic to eastern Australia, with the exception being D. diphyllostegia, which also occurs in New Guinea. They are commonly called tamarinds, for example northern tamarind, Babinda tamarind and Bernie's tamarind, however they are not closely related to the true tamarind from the family Fabaceae.

<i>Toechima</i> Genus of trees

Toechima is a genus of small to medium-sized trees in the plant family Sapindaceae. The species are native to New South Wales, the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia as well as New Guinea.

<i>Arytera</i> Genus of flowering plants

Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Atalaya</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Atalaya is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs of the plant family Sapindaceae. As of 2013 fourteen species grow naturally in Australia and in neighbouring New Guinea only one endemic species is known to science. Three species are known growing naturally in southern Africa, including two species endemic to South Africa and one species in South Africa, Eswatini and Mozambique.

<i>Elattostachys</i> Genus of flowering plants

Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Lepiderema</i> Genus of trees

Lepiderema is a genus of eight species of trees in the lychee family Sapindaceae native to New Guinea and eastern Australia, plus one more from Queensland that is yet to be formally described. The type species is Lepiderema papuana.

<i>Mischocarpus</i> Genus of trees

Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.

<i>Cupaniopsis anacardioides</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis anacardioides, commonly known as tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind or green-leaved tamarind, is a species of flowering plant in the family, Sapindaceae, and is native to eastern and northern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 8 egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, or elliptic leaves, and separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a more or less spherical golden yellow capsule.

<i>Sarcopteryx</i> Genus of trees

Sarcopteryx is a genus of about 12 rainforest tree species known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. They occur in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas.

<i>Mischarytera</i> Genus of plants

Mischarytera is a genus of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. Four species are known to science as of December 2013, found growing naturally in eastern Queensland, Australia, and in New Guinea. Formerly until 1995, they had names within the genus Arytera, subgenus Mischarytera.

<i>Rhysotoechia</i> Genus of trees

Rhysotoechia is a genus of plants in the soapberry family Sapindaceae which is native to parts of Malesia and Australia.

<i>Synima</i> Genus of trees

Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

Cnesmocarpon is a genus of 4 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.

<i>Cupaniopsis flagelliformis</i> Species of flowering plant

Cupaniopsis flagelliformis, commonly known as brown tuckeroo or weeping flower tamarind, is a tree in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae, endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small tree that inhabits tropical and sub-tropical rainforest and monsoon forest.

<i>Cupaniopsis foveolata</i> Species of flowering plant

Cupaniopsis foveolata, commonly known as narrow-leaved tuckeroo, white tamarind or toothed tuckeroo, is a plant in the maple and lychee family Sapindaceae found in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.

<i>Cupaniopsis tomentella</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis tomentella, commonly known as Boonah tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to south-eastern Queensland. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with usually 6 to 8 elliptic or oblong leaflets, and separate male and female flowers arranged in a panicle, the fruit an orange-yellow capsule with a red flush.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Cupaniopsis". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Reynolds, Sally T. "Cupaniopsis". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 Harden, Gwen J. "Cupaniopsis". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  4. "Cupaniopsis". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  5. Sharr, Francis Aubi; George, Alex (2019). Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings (3rd ed.). Kardinya, WA: Four Gables Press. p. 72. ISBN   9780958034180.
  6. Adema, Frits (1991). "Cupaniopsis Radlk. (Sapindaceae) - A Monograph" (PDF). Leiden Botanical Series. 15: 1–190. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  7. Reynolds, Sally T. (1984). "Notes on Sapindaceae, III". Austrobaileya. 2 (1): 29–64. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  8. Reynolds, Sally T. (1991). "New Species and Changes in Sapindaceae from Queensland". Austrobaileya. 3 (3): 489–501. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  9. "Cupaniopsis crassivalvis". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 1998. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  10. "Approved Conservation Advice for Cupaniopsis shirleyana (Wedge-leaf Tuckeroo)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  11. "Approved Conservation Advice for Cupaniopsis tomentella (Boonah Tuckeroo)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  12. "Species profile—Cupaniopsis cooperorum". Queensland Government Department of Education and Science. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  13. "Species profile—Cupaniopsis newmanii (long-leaved tuckeroo)". Queensland Government Department of Education and Science. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  14. Enle, Stephen F.; Langeland, Kenneth A. "Invasive Plants in Natural area Weeds: Carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacarioides)". University of Florida - Electronic Data Information Source. Retrieved 10 August 2024.