Cupaniopsis | |
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Cupaniopsis anacardioides in Wyrrabalong National Park | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Sapindales |
Family: | Sapindaceae |
Tribe: | Cupanieae |
Genus: | Cupaniopsis Radlk. [1] |
Type species | |
Cupaniopsis anacardioides [2] (A.Rich.) Radlk. [2] | |
Species | |
See text |
Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 45 species of flowering plants in the family, Sapindaceae and are native to Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Vanuatu, Samoa, Torres Strait Islands, Micronesia and Australia. [1] Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees with paripinnate with small, regular flowers with 5 sepals and petals with 6 to 10 stamens and the fruit a capsule.
Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees, either monoecious or diecious with paripinnate leaves arranged in opposite pairs or alternately along the branches, the flowers arranged in leaf axils in raceme-like or panicle-like groups. The flowers are small, have 5 sepals and 5 petals with 6 to 10 stamens, the ovary usually with 3 locules. The fruit is an oval to more or less spherical, slightly fleshy capsule. The seed is elliptical with a thin, cup-shaped aril that usually nearly encloses the seed. [2] [3]
The genus Cupaniopsis was first formally described in 1879 by Ludwig Adolph Timotheus Radlkofer in the journal Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-Physikalischen Classe der Königlichen Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Munchen. [4] The first species he named, the type species, was Cupaniopsis anacardioides . The genus name (Cupaniopsis) means a 'resemblance to the genus Cupania', in turn, named after the Italian monk, Francesco Cupani. [5]
The following is a list of Cupaniopsis species accepted by Plants of the World Online as at August 2024: [1]
In 1991 a 190-page monograph of the genus was published by Dutch botanist Frits Adema. [6]
Australian botanist Sally T. Reynolds, from 1984 to 1991 published new formal scientific names, descriptions, updates and species clarifications, in her scientific journal articles [7] [8] and the Flora of Australia treatment. [2]
Globally, the New Caledonian endemic species C. crassivalvis has become extinct according to the IUCN's 1998 assessment. [9]
In Australia, C. shirleyana [10] and C. tomentella [11] are listed as "vulnerable" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 and C. cooperorum is listed as "vulnerable" under the Queensland Government Nature Conservation Act . [12] C. newmannii is listed as "near threatened" under the same Act. [13] C. serrata is listed as "endangered" in New South Wales under the Biodiversity Conservation Act . [3]
C. anacardioides has been introduced into the United States, where in some parts they are invasive plants, primarily in Florida and Hawaii, where the common name carrotwood applies. [14]
Alectryon is a genus of about 30 species of trees and shrubs from the family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally across Australasia, Papuasia, Melanesia, western Polynesia, east Malesia and Southeast Asia, including across mainland Australia, especially diverse in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, the Torres Strait Islands, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Hawaii, Indonesia and the Philippines. They grow in a wide variety of natural habitats, from rainforests, gallery forests and coastal forests to arid savannas and heaths.
Harpullia is a genus of about 27 species of small to medium-sized rainforest trees from the family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution ranging from India eastwards through Malesia, Papuasia and Australasia to the Pacific Islands. They grow naturally usually in or on the margins of rainforests or associated vegetation. Plants in the genus Harpullia are usually dioecious shrubs or trees covered with simple or star-shaped hairs. The leaves are paripinnate and the flowers are usually arranged in leaf axils, usually with 5 petals, 5 to 8 stamens and a 2-locular ovary. The fruit is a 2-lobed capsule.
Jagera is a genus of 4 species of forest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Guioa is a genus of about 78 rainforest tree species known to science, which constitute part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They have a wide distribution, ranging from throughout Malesia, in Burma, Cambodia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, Philippines, Java, Flores, Timor, Sulawesi, Moluccas, New Guinea, further southwards through the east coast of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia and further eastwards to the Pacific Islands, including Tonga, New Caledonia, Fiji and Samoa.
Diploglottis is a genus of 11 species in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae. Most species only occur in the Wet Tropics bioregion of Queensland, but all species except one are endemic to eastern Australia, with the exception being D. diphyllostegia, which also occurs in New Guinea. They are commonly called tamarinds, for example northern tamarind, Babinda tamarind and Bernie's tamarind, however they are not closely related to the true tamarind from the family Fabaceae.
Toechima is a genus of small to medium-sized trees in the plant family Sapindaceae. The species are native to New South Wales, the Northern Territory and Queensland in Australia as well as New Guinea.
Arytera is a genus of about twenty–eight species known to science, of trees and shrubs and constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally in New Guinea, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Australia, the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji, Samoa, Tonga; and the most widespread species and type species A. littoralis grows throughout Malesia and across Southeast Asia, from NE. India, southern China, Borneo, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia and the Philippines to as far east as New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.
Elattostachys is a genus of about 21 species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Lepiderema is a genus of eight species of trees in the lychee family Sapindaceae native to New Guinea and eastern Australia, plus one more from Queensland that is yet to be formally described. The type species is Lepiderema papuana.
Mischocarpus is a genus of about nineteen species of trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. They grow naturally from Australia and New Guinea, though Malesia as far north as the Philippines, through SE. Asia, Indo-China and S. China, to India at their farthest west. The eleven Australian species known to science grow naturally in the rainforests of the eastern coastal zone of New South Wales and Queensland, from Newcastle northwards through to north-eastern Queensland and Cape York Peninsula.
Cupaniopsis anacardioides, commonly known as tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind or green-leaved tamarind, is a species of flowering plant in the family, Sapindaceae, and is native to eastern and northern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 8 egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, or elliptic leaves, and separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a more or less spherical golden yellow capsule.
Sarcopteryx is a genus of about 12 rainforest tree species known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. They occur in Australia, New Guinea and the Moluccas.
Mischarytera is a genus of rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae. Four species are known to science as of December 2013, found growing naturally in eastern Queensland, Australia, and in New Guinea. Formerly until 1995, they had names within the genus Arytera, subgenus Mischarytera.
Rhysotoechia is a genus of plants in the soapberry family Sapindaceae which is native to parts of Malesia and Australia.
Synima is a genus of tropical rainforest trees, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Cnesmocarpon is a genus of 4 species of rainforest trees known to science, constituting part of the plant family Sapindaceae.
Sapindoideae is a subfamily of flowering plants in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae. It includes a number of fruit trees, including lychees, longans, rambutans, and quenepas.
Cupaniopsis flagelliformis, commonly known as brown tuckeroo or weeping flower tamarind, is a tree in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae, endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small tree that inhabits tropical and sub-tropical rainforest and monsoon forest.
Cupaniopsis foveolata, commonly known as narrow-leaved tuckeroo, white tamarind or toothed tuckeroo, is a plant in the maple and lychee family Sapindaceae found in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.
Cupaniopsis tomentella, commonly known as Boonah tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the soapberry family and is endemic to south-eastern Queensland. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with usually 6 to 8 elliptic or oblong leaflets, and separate male and female flowers arranged in a panicle, the fruit an orange-yellow capsule with a red flush.