Cupaniopsis anacardioides

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Tuckeroo
Cupaniopsis anacardioides habit.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Sapindales
Family: Sapindaceae
Genus: Cupaniopsis
Species:
C. anacardioides
Binomial name
Cupaniopsis anacardioides
Synonyms [1]
List
    • Alectryon anacardioides(A.Rich.) O.Schwarz
    • Alectryon bleeseriO.Schwarz
    • Cupania anacardioidesA.Rich.
    • Cupania anacardioidesA.Rich. var. anacardioides
    • Cupaniopsis anacardioides(A.Rich.) Radlk. f. anacardioides
    • Cupaniopsis anacardioides f. genuinaRadlk.
    • Cupaniopsis anacardioides(A.Rich.) Radlk. var. anacardioides
In Wyrrabalong National Park Cupaniopsis anacardioides Wyrrabalong National Park.jpg
In Wyrrabalong National Park
Flowers and early fruit, Palm Beach Cupaniopsis anacardioidesP7150014.jpg
Flowers and early fruit, Palm Beach
Fruit and mature seeds Cupaniopsis anacardioides fruit.jpg
Fruit and mature seeds

Cupaniopsis anacardioides, commonly known as tuckeroo, cashew-leaf cupania, carrotwood, beach tamarind or green-leaved tamarind, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family, Sapindaceae, and is native to eastern and northern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 4 to 8 egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, or elliptic leaves, and separate male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a more or less spherical golden yellow capsule.

Contents

Description

Cupaniopsis anacardioides is a tree that typically grows to a height of up to 11 m (36 ft), with a dbh of 50 cm (20 in). Its branchlets are sometimes covered with short hairs pressed against the surface, and are lenticellate. The leaves are paripinnate, 150–250 mm (5.9–9.8 in) long with 4 to 8, sometimes up to 12 elliptic or egg-shaped leaflets with the narrower end towards the base, 45–190 mm (1.8–7.5 in) long and 16–75 mm (0.63–2.95 in) wide on a petiolule 2–7 mm (0.079–0.276 in) long. The leaflets are leathery with prominent veins and the lower surface is sometimes covered with soft hairs. Separate male and female flowers are borne in panicles 80–350 mm (3.1–13.8 in) long on a softly-hairy peduncle, the flowers greenish-white or yellowish on a pedicel 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) long. The sepals lobes are 2.5–4.0 mm (0.098–0.157 in) long and the petals are egg-shaped, 1.5–3 mm (0.059–0.118 in) long. Flowering occurs in June and July and the fruit is a golden yellow capsule, tinged with red. [2] [3] [4] [5]

Taxonomy

This species was first formally described in 1834 by Achille Richard who gave it the name in Voyage de découvertes de l'Astrolabe - Botanique from specimens collected near Moreton Bay by Charles Fraser. [6] [7] In 1879, Ludwig Radlkofer transferred the species to the genus Cupaniopsis as C.anacardioides. [8] The specific epithet (anacardioides) means 'resembling the genus Anacardium', because of the similarity of the leaves. [2]

Distribution and habitat

The usual habitat of this species in on rocky beaches, in hilly scrub and forest in littoral rainforest on sand or near estuaries. The species occurs in New Guinea, [9] the Dampierland and Northern Kimberley bioregions of northern Western Australia, [10] the far north of the Northern Territory, [5] and in Queensland and New South Wales as far south as Gerroa. [2] [3]

Cupaniopsis anacardioides has been introduced to Pakistan, Florida and Hawaii and is an invasive species in the United States. [11] [12] [13]

Ecology

The fruit of tuckeroo attracts many birds, including Australasian figbird, olive-backed oriole and pied currawong, [4] and is food for the larval stages of butterflies, including Anthene lycaenoides , A. seltuttus and Arhopala micale . [14]

Use in horticulture

Germination of tuckeroo from fresh seed occurs without difficulty, particularly if the seed is removed from the aril and soaked for a few days. [4] Tuckeroo is widely cultivated in parks and is a spreading and shady street tree. [14]

Status as an invasive species

Carrotwood is an invasive species in the United States. It was first introduced to Florida in the 1960s as an ornamental tree, but escaped into natural areas, forming dense monocultures and outcompeting native plants. It invades many habitats and alters the understorey habitat. It produces many brightly-coloured fruits that are attractive to bird which disperse it widely. [11] [12]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cupaniopsis</i> Genus of flowering plants

Cupaniopsis is a genus of about 45 species of flowering plants in the family, Sapindaceae and are native to Fiji, Indonesia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands Vanuatu, Samoa, Torres Strait Islands, Micronesia and Australia. Plants in the genus Cupaniopsis are trees with paripinnate with small, regular flowers with 5 sepals and petals with 6 to 10 stamens and the fruit a capsule.

<i>Flindersia schottiana</i> Species of flowering plant

Flindersia schottiana, commonly known as bumpy ash, cudgerie or silver ash, is a species of rainforest tree in the family Rutaceae and is native to New Guinea and eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with mostly ten to sixteen leaflets, panicles of white flowers and woody fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum</i> Species of tree

Zanthoxylum brachyacanthum, known as thorny yellow-wood, satinwood, satin tree or scrub mulga, is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It is a rainforest shrub or tree with thick, cone-shaped spines on the trunk and prickles on the branches, pinnate leaves, and male and female flowers arranged in panicles.

<i>Harpullia pendula</i> Species of tree

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<i>Flindersia collina</i> Species of tree

Flindersia collina, commonly known as broad-leaved leopard tree, leopard ash, bastard crow's ash or leatherwood, is a species of tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to north-eastern Australia. It usually has pinnate leaves with between three and seven elliptical to spatula-shaped leaves, panicles of white flowers and fruit studded with rough points.

<i>Cupaniopsis baileyana</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis baileyana, commonly known as narrow-leaved tuckeroo, toothed tuckeroo or white tamarind, is a species of flowering tree in the soapberry family and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 8 to 20 narrowly oblong to lance-shaped leaflets, and separate, male and female flowers arranged in panicles, the fruit a more or less spherical red to brown capsule.

<i>Cupaniopsis newmanii</i> Species of tree

Cupaniopsis newmanii is a rainforest plant in the soapberry family. It is native to eastern Australia. The common name is long-leaved tuckeroo. A rare plant, with a ROTAP listing of 2RC-. The habitat is subtropical rainforest ranging from Mullumbimby in New South Wales to Gympie in south-eastern Queensland.

<i>Lepiderema pulchella</i> Species of flowering plant

Lepiderema pulchella, commonly known as fine-leaved tuckeroo, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae and is endemic to coastal eastern Australia. It is a tree with pinnate, glossy light green leaves with four to fourteen leaflets, panicles of yellow-orange flowers and brown, spherical to three-lobed fruit.

<i>Elattostachys xylocarpa</i> Species of tree

Elattostachys xylocarpa, known as the white tamarind or short-leaf beetroot is a common rainforest tree of eastern Australia. Found in the drier rainforests, which are based on volcanic soils. From as far south as the Orara River in northern New South Wales to Bowen in tropical Queensland. The name Elattostachys refers to "little spikes", a flower feature of other plants in this genus. xylocarpa refers to the hard woody fruit.

<i>Micromelum minutum</i> Species of flowering plant

Micromelum minutum, commonly known as limeberry, dilminyin. kimiar margibur, tulibas tilos (Philippines), sesi (Indonesia) and samui (Thailand), is a species of small tree or shrub in the citrus plant family Rutaceae. It occurs from India and Indochina to Australia. It has pinnate leaves with egg-shaped to lance-shaped leaflets, hairy, pale green or creamish, scented flowers arranged in large groups and yellow to orange or red, oval to spherical berries in dense clusters.

<i>Harpullia arborea</i> Species of plant in the family Sapindaceae

Harpullia arborea, commonly known as Cooktown tulipwood in Australia, is species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae is native to the Indian subcontinent, Sri Lanka throughout Mainland Southeast Asia and Malesia to Queensland in Australia and the Western Pacific. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves with 6 to 10 leaflets, small pink or pale green flowers arranged in leaf axils or on old woody stems, and orange-yellow to red capsules containing shiny black seeds.

<i>Harpullia hillii</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia hillii, commonly known as tulipwood, blunt-leaved tulip or oblong-leaved tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic to egg-shaped and papery with the narrower end towards the base, and white flowers, and orange capsules containing a seed nearly enclosed in a red aril.

<i>Harpullia alata</i> Species of flowering plant

Harpullia alata, commonly known as winged tulip or wing-leaved tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Sapindaceae, and is endemic to eastern Australia. It is a tree with paripinnate leaves, the leaflets elliptic with teeth on the edges, white flowers and capsules containing a seed with a yellow to reddish aril.

<i>Bouchardatia neurococca</i> Species of flowering plant

Bouchardatia neurococca, commonly known as union nut, is a species of small rainforest tree that is endemic to eastern Australia. It has pinnate leaves with three or five narrow elliptical leaflets, white flowers arranged in panicles, and oval follicles.

Melicope affinis is a species of shrub or tree in the family Rutaceae and is endemic to Queensland. It has trifoliate leaves and small greenish white flowers borne in panicles in leaf axils.

<i>Diploglottis harpullioides</i> Species of plant

Diploglottis harpullioides, commonly known as Babinda tamarind, is a rainforest tree in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae which is found only in northeast Queensland, Australia.

<i>Diploglottis diphyllostegia</i> Species of plant

Diploglottis diphyllostegia, commonly known as the northern tamarind, native tamarind or wild tamarind, is a tree in the lychee family Sapindaceae which is endemic to Queensland, Australia. It is an attractive tree with potential in cultivation, with a dense crown of dark green leaves and masses of fruit in spring and summer.

<i>Cupaniopsis flagelliformis</i> Species of plant

Cupaniopsis flagelliformis, commonly known as brown tuckeroo or weeping flower tamarind, is a tree in the lychee and maple family Sapindaceae endemic to eastern Australia. It is a small tree that inhabits drier or seasonal rainforests.

<i>Cupaniopsis foveolata</i> Species of plant

Cupaniopsis foveolata, commonly known as narrow-leaved tuckeroo, white tamarind or toothed tuckeroo, is a plant in the maple and lychee family Sapindaceae found in eastern Queensland and New South Wales, Australia.

<i>Cryptocarya bellendenkerana</i> Species of tree

Cryptocarya bellendenkerana is a tree in the laurel family and is endemic to North Queensland. Its leaves are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, the flowers creamy-green and tube-shaped, and the fruit a spherical black drupe.

References

  1. 1 2 "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Reynolds, Sally T. "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Flora of Australia. Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water: Canberra. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  3. 1 2 Harden, Gwen J. "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  4. 1 2 3 Floyd, A. G. (2008). Rainforest Trees of Mainland South-eastern Australia (2nd, Revised ed.). Lismore, New South Wales: Terania Rainforest Publishing. p. 385. ISBN   978-0-958943-67-3 . Retrieved 2009-06-18.
  5. 1 2 "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Northern Territory Government. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  6. ↑ "Cupania anacardioides". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  7. ↑ Richard, Achille (1834). Dumont d'Urville, Jules (ed.). Voyage de la corvette l'Astrolabe : exécuté par ordre du roi, pendant les années 1826-1827-1828-1829. Vol. 2. Paris: J. Tastu. pp. 33–34. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  8. ↑ "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Australian Plant Name Index. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  9. ↑ "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  10. ↑ "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
  11. 1 2 "PCA Alien Plant Working Group - Carrotwood (Cupaniopsis anacardioides)". www.invasive.org. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
  12. 1 2 "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". University of Florida. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  13. ↑ "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  14. 1 2 "Cupaniopsis anacardioides". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
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