1323–1327||[[Image:Conseil présidé par jacques II d'aragon (cropped).png|100px|James I]]||10 August 1267
[[Valencia, Spain|Valencia]]
son of [[Peter III of Aragon|Peter I]] and [[Constance of Sicily, Queen of Aragon|Constance of Sicily]]||[[Isabella of Castile, Duchess of Brittany|Isabella of Castile]]
1 December 1291
No children
[[Blanche of Anjou]]
29 October 1295
10 children
Marie de Lusignan
15 June 1315
No children
Elisenda de Montcada
25 December 1322
No children||5 November 1327
[[Barcelona]]
aged 60\n|-\n| '''[[Alfonso IV of Aragon]]'''
1327–1336|| [[File:AlfonsoIV.jpg|100px|Alfonso I]] ||1299
[[Naples]]
son of [[James II of Aragon]] and [[Blanche of Anjou]]|| [[Teresa d'Entença]]
1314
7 children
[[Eleanor of Castile (1307–1359)|Eleanor of Castile]]
2 children || 27 January 1336
[[Barcelona]]
aged 37\n|-\n| '''[[Peter IV of Aragon]]'''
1336–1387 || [[Image:Peter IV of Aragon st.jpg|100px|Peter]] ||5 October 1319
[[Balaguer]]
son of [[Alfonso IV of Aragon|Alfonso IV]] and [[Teresa d'Entença]]||[[Maria of Navarre]]
1338
2 children
[[Leonor of Portugal (1328-1348)|Leonor of Portugal]]
1347
No children
[[Eleanor of Sicily]]
27 August 1349
4 children || 5 January 1387
[[Barcelona]]
aged 68\n|-\n| '''[[John I of Aragon]]'''
1387–1396|| [[Image:John I of Aragon (crop) - Monastery of Poblet - Catalonia 2014.JPG|100px|Peter IV]] ||27 December 1350
[[Perpignan]]
son of [[Peter IV of Aragon]] and [[Eleanor of Sicily]]||[[Martha of Armagnac]]
27 March 1373
1 child
[[Violant of Bar|Yolande of Bar]]
1380
3 children || 19 May 1396
[[Empordà|Foixà]]
aged 46\n|-\n| '''[[Martin of Aragon]]'''
1396–1410 || [[Image:Marti l'humà.jpg|100px|Martin I]] || 1356
[[Girona]]
son of [[Peter IV of Aragon]] and Eleanor of Sicily||[[Maria de Luna]]
13 June 1372
4 children
[[Margarita of Aragon-Prades]]
17 September 1409
No children||31 May 1410
[[Barcelona]]
aged 54\n|}"]}" id="mw4Q">
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ferdinand I of Aragon 1412–1416 | ![]() | 27 November 1380 Medina del Campo son of John I of Castile and Eleanor of Aragon | Eleanor of Alburquerque 1394 8 children | 2 April 1416 Igualada aged 36 |
Alfonso V of Aragon 1416–1458 | ![]() | 1396 Medina del Campo son of Ferdinand I and Eleanor of Alburquerque | Maria of Castile 1415 No children | 27 June 1458 Naples aged 52 |
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
John II of Aragon 1458–1479 | ![]() | 29 June 1398 Medina del Campo son of Ferdinand I and Eleanor of Alburquerque | Blanche I of Navarre 6 November 1419 4 children Juana Enríquez April 1444 2 children | 20 January 1479 Barcelona aged 80 |
Ferdinand II of Aragon 1479–1516 | ![]() | 10 March 1452 son of John II of Aragon and Juana Enriquez | Isabella I of Castile 19 October 1469 5 children Germaine of Foix 1505 No children | 23 January 1516 Madrigalejo aged 63 |
Joanna of Castile 1516–1555 | ![]() | 6 November 1479 daughter of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile | Philip IV of Burgundy, 1496 6 children | 12 April 1555 Madrigalejo aged 75 |
Nominally co-monarch of her son Charles, Joanna was kept imprisoned almost during her whole reign.
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Charles I of Spain co-king with his mother Joanna 1516–1556 | ![]() | 24 February 1500 Ghent son of Philip I of Castile and Joanna of Castile | Isabella of Portugal 10 March 1526 3 children | 21 September 1558 Yuste aged 58 |
Philip II of Spain 1556–1598 | ![]() | 21 May 1527 Valladolid son of Charles IV and Isabella of Portugal | Maria of Portugal 1543 1 child Mary I of England 1554 No children Elisabeth of Valois 1559 2 children Anna of Austria 4 May 1570 5 children | 13 September 1598 Madrid aged 71 |
Philip III of Spain 1598–1621 | ![]() | 14 April 1578 Madrid son of Philip I and Anna of Austria | Margaret of Austria 18 April 1599 5 children | 31 March 1621 Madrid aged 42 |
Philip IV of Spain 1621–1665 | ![]() | 8 April 1605 Valladolid son of Philip II and Margaret of Austria | Elisabeth of Bourbon 1615 7 children Mariana of Austria 1649 5 children | 17 September 1665 Madrid aged 60 |
Charles II of Spain 1665–1700 | ![]() | 6 November 1661 Madrid son of Philip III and Mariana of Austria | Maria Luisa of Orléans 19 November 1679 No children Maria Anna of Neuburg 14 May 1690 No children | 1 November 1700 Madrid aged 38 |
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Philip V of Spain 1700–1708 | ![]() | 19 December 1683 Versailles son of Louis, Dauphin of France and Maria Anna of Bavaria | Maria Luisa of Savoy 2 November 1701 4 children Elisabeth of Parma 24 December 1714 7 children | 9 July 1746 Madrid aged 62 |
Sardinia was taken over by Habsburg troops in 1708 during the War of the Spanish Succession in the name of the Habsburg claimant to the Spanish throne, "Charles III". At the end of the war, Sardinia remained in Charles' possession and, by the Treaty of Rastatt, was ceded to him.
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Emperor Charles VI 1708–1720 | ![]() | 1 October 1685 Vienna son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor and Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg | Elisabeth Christine 1 August 1708 4 children | 20 October 1740 Vienna aged 55 |
Spanish forces invaded the kingdom in 1717 during the War of the Quadruple Alliance. The island was under Spanish military occupation until 1720, when it was given back to Emperor Charles VI, who in turn ceded it to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of The Hague.
The monarchs of the House of Savoy ruled from their mainland capital of Turin but styled themselves primarily with the royal title of Sardinia as superior to their original lesser dignity as Dukes of Savoy; however, their numeral order continued the Savoyard list.
In 1861, after the annexation of other states in the Italian peninsula, the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia passed a law (Legge n. 4671, 17 marzo 1861) adding to the style of the sovereign the title of King of Italy, although the monarchs retained the designation of King of Sardinia. The Savoy-led Kingdom of Sardinia was thus the legal predecessor state of the Kingdom of Italy, which in turn is the predecessor of the present-day Italian Republic. [21] [22]
Name | Portrait | Birth | Marriage(s) | Death |
---|---|---|---|---|
Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy 17 March 1861 – 9 January 1878 | ![]() | 14 March 1820 Turin son of Charles Albert of Sardinia and Maria Theresa of Austria | Adelaide of Austria 12 April 1842 8 children Rosa Vercellana 18 October 1869 2 children | 9 January 1878 Rome aged 57 |
Umberto I of Italy 9 January 1878 – 29 July 1900 | ![]() | 14 March 1844 Turin son of Victor Emmanuel II of Savoy and Adelaide of Austria | Margherita of Savoy 21 April 1868 1 child | 29 July 1900 Monza aged 56 |
Victor Emmanuel III of Italy 29 July 1900 – 9 May 1946 | ![]() | 11 November 1869 Naples son of Umberto I of Italy and Margherita of Savoy | Elena of Montenegro 24 October 1896 5 children | 28 December 1947 Alexandria aged 78 |
Umberto II of Italy 9 May 1946 – 12 June 1946 | ![]() | 15 September 1904 Racconigi son of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy and Elena of Montenegro | Marie José of Belgium 8 January 1930 4 children | 18 March 1983 Geneva aged 78 |
The Kingdom of Italy was disestablished by the 1946 Italian institutional referendum, which was held on 2 June 1946, and the Italian Republic was proclaimed.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)[At p. 94] Dall'indagine sulla legislazione del quadriennio 1861-64, innanzi svolta, trova conferma quanto affermato all'inizio e, cioè, che quello italiano non fu uno Stato nuovo, ma prevalse la continuità con le istituzioni e l'apparato amministrativo sabaudo. Si navigò a vista, senza elaborare un piano di riforme volto a costruire in modo organico e duraturo, preferendo operare per adattamenti e giustapposizioni. È emerso piuttosto chiaramente che si intese assicurare in tempi brevi la costruzione di uno Stato centrale (e periferico) forte, comprimendo gradualmente, soprattutto a seguito dell'emersione della questione meridionale, l'autonomia degli enti locali e i progetti riformatori tendenti al decentramento.[From the investigation into the legislation of the four-year period 1861–64 carried out above, what was stated at the beginning is confirmed, that is, that the Italian state was not a new one, but continuity with the institutions and the administrative apparatus of Savoy prevailed. They navigated by sight, without developing a plan of reforms aimed at building in an organic and lasting way, preferring to operate by adaptations and juxtapositions. It emerged rather clearly that the intention was to ensure in a short time the construction of a strong central (and peripheral) state, gradually compressing, especially following the emergence of the Southern Question, the autonomy of local authorities, and reform projects tending towards decentralization.]
... 1479, Regno di 'Sardegna e Corsica' malgrado non rappresentasse tutta la Sardegna e malgrado la Corsica non fosse interessata ma considerata solo ambita (non sarà mai conquistata). Poi, dal 1479, si chiamo solo Regno di Sardegna ... poi solo Regno di Sardegna (fino al 1861), poi Regno d'Italia (fino al 1946), e, finalmente, Repubblica Italiana. E, tutto questo, senza alcuna soluzione di continuità.[... 1479, Kingdom of 'Sardinia and Corsica' even though it did not represent all of Sardinia and even though Corsica was not interested but only considered coveted (it will never be conquered). Then, from 1479, it was called only the Kingdom of Sardinia ... then only the Kingdom of Sardinia (until 1861), then the Kingdom of Italy (until 1946), and, finally, the Italian Republic. And, all this, without any solution of continuity.]