List of accidents and incidents involving the International Space Station

The International Space Station, as seen by a visiting spacecraft in 2021.

This article is a list of accidents and incidents related to the International Space Station (ISS). It includes mishaps occurring on board the ISS, flights to and from the space station, as well as other program related incidents. Excluded from the list are routine actions such as repairs of minor malfunctions or debris avoidance maneuvers.

List

2001

• November 28: Progress M1-7 cargo spacecraft failed to perform hard docking due to debris on the docking ring left by Progress M-45. During an unscheduled spacewalk on December 3 the foreign object was inspected and removed, finally allowing Progress M1-7 to complete the docking procedures. ^[1]

2003

• May 4: Soyuz TMA-1 switched to a ballistic reentry during descent, resulting in landing about 460 kilometres (290 mi) from target. The crew inside the spacecraft experienced increased acceleration, still within limits even for untrained people. ^[2] Technical commission concluded the cause to be incorrect behaviour of descent control system leading to yaw angle exceeding the limits, which triggered the switch to ballistic mode. As the time of publishing of this report, the performed simulations were unable to replicate this scenario, although design evaluations revealed a very unlikely combination of input signals could lead to underlying failures. ^[3]

2004

• February 27: Despite completing the main objective of VKD-9 spacewalk, it was terminated early due to a cooling system malfunction in Aleksandr Kaleri's spacesuit. A post-spacewalk inspection showed disruption of the cooling water flow caused by pinching of a coolant tube as the cause of the malfunction. ^[4] Remaining planned activities were moved to a later spacewalk.

• June 24: VKD-9a spacewalk was cut short after the primary oxygen bottle in the spacesuit of Mike Fincke began losing pressure at a high rate almost immediately after exiting the hatch. Total length of the spacewalk was 14 minutes 22 seconds. The cause of malfunction was determined to be open oxygen flow switch that was not fully seated in normal flow position. In order to avoid such an incident, spacewalk procedures were updated with additional checks of valves' positions. The spacewalk was rescheduled to June 30. ^{[5] [6]}

• August 3: During Expedition 9 EVA-3 spacewalk, the ISS lost its attitude control and drifted 80 degrees off the nominal attitude. Resulting power conservation procedures lead to a loss of primary S-band communication between the astronauts and the ground crew. No personnel were inside the station at the time. In order to use the Service Module thrusters to regain correct attitude, the crew had to move away from it and only returned after realignment 45 minutes later. Due to this incident, mission control adjusted attitude control planning and power conservation measures for the future EVAs. ^{[7] [8]}

2005

• July 28: Two gap fillers protruding between the heat shield tiles were photographed during the Rendezvous pitch maneuver of STS-114 ahead of docking to the space station. On some of the previous missions, similar protrusions resulted in increased heating and tile damage. After careful considerations, NASA decided to remove those gap fillers during an upcoming spacewalk. ^[9] The task was performed on EVA-3 on August 3 without issues. ^[10] Additional spacewalk was considered to deal with a damaged thermal blanket near the cockpit window, but was ultimately determined as unnecessary based on analysis and wind tunnel tests. ^[11]

2006

• October 26: During docking of Progress M-58 orientation antenna failed to fully retract. The spacecraft physically connected to the station but mission control delayed hard docking by over 4 hours while working to reduce the risks of failed antenna hitting elements of Zvezda service module. ^[12] To ensure it will not interfere during undocking, several attempts of retracting the antenna took place during two spacewalks of Expedition 14. After they failed, the supporting strut was cut, allowing partial retracting. ^[13]

2007

• June 8: During the launch of STS-117/13A a part of thermal insulation blanket on the orbiter orbital maneuvering system pod peeled off from adjacent thermal tiles. It was adjusted into position and stapled during the EVA-3 spacewalk on June 15th. ^[14]
• August 15: EVA-3 spacewalk of STS-118/13A.1 mission was terminated early after a hole was found in second layer of Rick Mastracchio's EMU glove during periodic inspection. The hole didn't lead to any leaks as spacesuit consists of five layers and termination was a precautionary measure. The hole was determined to be a cut caused by a sharp edge. ^{[15] [16]}
• October 21: Failure of Instrumentation/Propulsion Module commanded separation from the Descent Module of Soyuz TMA-10 during return to Earth resulted in ballistic reentry with higher loads on the crew than normal. ^[17] The same issue will occur during the next Soyuz TMA landing.

2008

• April 19: Landing of Soyuz TMA-11 was performed in ballistic mode, resulting in touchdown 420km away from the nominal site. Later analysis showed the cause was separation failure between Instrumentation and Propulsion Module and Descent Module due to issues with pyro bolts that start the separation. The issue was similar to the previous Soyuz landing, but with higher g-force of almost 8.5g and lower separation altitude of 60–66 kilometres (37–41 mi). While the crew was initially reported to be healthy, spaceflight participant Yi So-Yeon was later hospitalized due to mild dislocation and bruising of vertebrae. ^[18] NASA simulations showed that in the worst case such scenarios could lead to loss of crew due to failure of hatch or parachute cover. As a result, during Soyuz TMA-12’s stay on the ISS, an unplanned EVA was performed on July 10th to remove one of the pyro bolts from the spacecraft for inspection on the ground. ^[19] Additionally, a software patch was introduced on TMA-12 to position the vehicle sideways for faster burn-through of the truss structure connecting the modules in case their separation fails in the future. Failure of the pyro bolts on the two flights was determined to be due to electromagnetic environment while in orbit. Design of the separation system was reworked accordingly. ^[20]
• November 20: As EVA-2 spacewalk of STS-126/ULF2 was wrapping up, Shane Kimbrough's spacesuit sensors showed carbon dioxide buildup above safe limits. He was commanded to terminate his spacewalk and return to the airlock as a precaution. ^[21] Kimbrough encountered increased CO2 levels on EVA-4 of the mission as well and took periodic rests to control it. ^[22]

2009

• March 12: Space station crew took shelter in their Soyuz due to a risk of collision with debris that was discovered too late for performing avoidance maneuvering. The piece of debris was a 12 centimetres (4.7 in) fragment of a spent US rocket stage. The distance to the station during the closest approach was around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi), after it passed the crewmembers returned to their regular work. ^[23] As this was the first time such a procedure was executed, it caused disagreements between Moscow and Houston Mission Control on whether the hatches should be closed. After the event, the procedure was adjusted to close the hatches in case of other such emergencies. ^[24]
• July 22: During EVA-3 spacewalk of STS-127/21A mission CO2 removal system in Chris Cassidy's spacesuit malfunctioned resulting in increasing carbon dioxide levels. Although the increased levels were still within the normal limits and Cassidy didn't experience any hypercapnia symptopms, the spacewalk was terminated early as a precaution. Due to termination, a battery pack was left in unintended configuration, requiring additional exercise restrictions to avoid unwanted vibrations until the next spacewalk. ^[25]

2010

• July 2: Docking of the Progress M-06M cargo spacecraft was aborted due to automated system issue. The failure was traced to TV transmitter of manual rendezvous system TORU interfering with the TORU itself, causing a loss of connection and abort command. Consequently, TORU was disabled on the next docking attempt on July 4th which was successful. ^[26]
• September 23: Multiple unsuccessful attempts of undocking Soyuz TMA-18 due to issues with the docking system on the Poisk module. A sensor was reporting incorrect information preventing the docking latches to be released. After several hours of attempts, undocking was postponed to the next day, while the crew returned to the station. ^[27] Electrical jumpers were installed to mimic the correct signal, which allowed undocking to be performed without problems on September 24. ^[28] The issue was later traced back to a broken gear found during the troubleshooting efforts. ^[29]

2011

• June 28: An unknown piece of debris passed within 260 metres (850 ft) of the station. As it was discovered too late to perform avoidance maneuvers, the crew had to board their Soyuz spacecrafts as a precaution. As no collision took place, the crew was allowed to return to regular activities after the time of closest approach. ^[30]
• August 24: Progress M-12M cargo spacecraft failed to reach orbit due to early shutdown of the third stage engines of Soyuz-U. At the time of the incident, Progress was the only operational ISS resupply spacecraft. Due to commonality between the third stages, Soyuz-FG, the only launch vehicle capable of carrying crew at the time, was also grounded, creating risk of having to leave ISS in uncrewed configuration. ^[31] The failure was attributed to a human-caused blocking fuel line inside of RD-0110 engine. With a successful launch of Progress M-13M to the ISS on October 30, Soyuz-FG was cleared to launch crew again, which ultimately prevented de-crewing of the station. ^[32]

2012

• March 24: A piece of debris from a prior satellite collision was discovered too late to perform avoidance maneuvers, requiring space station crew to shelter in their Soyuz spacecrafts as a precaution. The distance at closest approach was around 11 kilometres (6.8 mi), after which the crew continued their regular duties. ^[33]

2013

• March 1: Shortly after separation from the second stage, three of the four thrusters on CRS-2 Dragon cargo spacecraft failed to activate due to insufficient pressure in the tanks. The loss of attitude control also prevented solar arrays deployment, which was later commanded manually during the troubleshooting process. Cycling the valves for a "pressure slamming" effect cleared the blockage in pressurant lines bringing all the thrusters to operation without further issues later in the mission. A key orbital maneuver had to be rescheduled due to the long troubleshooting process, resulting in docking delayed by one day. ^{[34] [35]}
• July 16: 44 minutes into EVA-23 spacewalk ESA astronaut Luca Parmitano reported a large amount of water inside his helmet, minutes after a CO2 sensor failure. By the time Luca made it to the airlock, water was covering his eyes, nose and ears. The incident resulted in no injury but was later declared a high-visibility close call. The cause of the issue was determined to be contamination clogging a Fan Pump Separator, disrupting the water flow and leading it into the helmet. The issue had actually started on the previous spacewalk but was falsely attributed to a leaking drink bag and dismissed. ^[36]

2014

• March 25: Initial attempt of docking 6 hours after launch of Soyuz TMA-12M has been cancelled after one of the scheduled burns didn't happen. Overperformance of the Soyuz-FG launch vehicle, while still within limits, changed the requirements for the burn, requiring a switch to less powerful orientation thrusters instead of main engine. A possible software issue, together with incorrect orientation of the vehicle, resulted in burn not happening. Docking was rescheduled to a backup 2-day rendezvous process which worked without further issues. ^[37]
• October 28: The Cygnus Orb-3 cargo spacecraft fails to orbit after its Antares rocket explodes. An uncontained failure in one of the rocket's NK-33 first stage engines caused the vehicle to collapse back on the launch pad, destroying the rocket, spacecraft, and cargo, as well as causing significant damage to the launch complex. No personnel were injured in the incident.

2015

• April 28: Shortly after separation from the launch vehicle, contact was lost with Progress M-27M cargo spacecraft. Attempts to reestablish two-way communications weren't successful, but downlinked video from the spacecraft showed it rapidly spinning in orbit. ^[38] Similar to earlier Progress M-12M failure, crewed Soyuz flights were also paused, which led to Soyuz TMA-15M undocking and landing delayed by a month and other schedule adjustments. ^[39] The failure was determined to be caused by a flawed design of connection between Progress and the third stage of the rocket, which sent the cargo spacecraft into a spin after an abnormal separation. Progress spacecraft reentered the atmosphere on May 8. ^[40]
• June 28: The SpaceX CRS-7 Dragon cargo spacecraft fails to orbit after its Falcon 9 rocket disintegrates 139 seconds in flight. A helium COPV on the second stage had broken free of its mounting point, causing an overpressure event that burst the second stage; the Dragon spacecraft and rocket debris impacted the ocean moments later and were destroyed. An investigation traced the fault to a defective stainless steel bolt that failed at one-fifth of its design load, which SpaceX did not properly qualify for performance under cryogenic temperatures. An International Docking Adapter necessary for future American crew flights to the space station was among the cargo lost, a replacement was manufactured from spare components. ^[41]
• July 16: Station crew had to close the module hatches and take shelter in their Soyuz TMA-16M spacecraft as a precaution in case of a collision with the debris of an old Soviet satellite. The object was noticed too late to perform a debris avoidance maneuver. As the closest approach time passed without issues, the crewmembers returned to their planned activities. ^[42]

2016

• January 15: US EVA-35 spacewalk was terminated early due to water bubble forming in Tim Kopra's helmet. After examining the affected space suit to Earth, the likely cause was determined to be blockage of "slurper tubes" that return excess water from the sublimator to the cooling loop. The amount of water released was small enough to be considered a non-hazard. ^[43]
• December 1: Progress MS-04 cargo spacecraft didn't reach orbit due to failure of Soyuz-U third stage. The spacecraft successfully separated from the failed launch vehicle and started post-launch operations but fell back to Earth. The failed launch wasn't critical for supplies and maintenance of the station. ^[44] The failure was traced to a several possible issues with the turbopump of RD-0110 engine on the third stage, which in turn caused failure of the oxidizer tank. ^[45] As a result, Progress MS-05 was delayed by three weeks to replace third stage engines on its launch vehicle. ^[46]

2017

• April 10: During descent to Earth of Soyuz MS-02 crewed spacecraft, a part of the parachute system hit the capsule during deployment, causing partial depressurization at the altitude of about 8 kilometres (5.0 mi), 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) higher than during normal operations. As the crew were wearing pressure suits, the loss of pressure didn't lead to any further issues. ^[47]
• June 14: Soyuz rocket debris resulting from the launch of Progress MS-06 spacecraft started a fire at the impact site. Due to a combination of weather factors, it turned into a blaze leading to deaths of two workers working on debris recovery. Additional impact site inspections before and after the launch were introduced to prevent such accidents in the future. ^[48]

2018

• August 29: An air leak caused by a 2 mm hole is discovered in the docked Soyuz MS-09 spacecraft. Astronauts initially patched the leak with Kapton tape, and later sealed with an epoxy patch. ^[49] A spacewalk was performed on December 11 to cut through the insulation layer on the outside of the spacecraft for inspections and sample retrieval. ^[50] Russian officials accused NASA astronaut Serena Auñón-Chancellor of boring the hole, a claim described by Ars Technica as "preposterous" and "a complete fabrication". ^[51]

  

  Soyuz MS-10 rocket shortly after disintegration

• October 11: The Soyuz MS-10 crew mission fails to orbit after its booster disintegrates in flight. Astronauts Aleksey Ovchinin and Nick Hague are saved by the spacecraft's launch escape system, and land 402 km (250 mi) downrange in Kazakhstan. ^[52]

2019

• Unspecified date: During investigation of blood flow in spaceflight environment that was published in 2019, an unidentified astronaut was discovered to have a jugular vein blood clot. The discovery took place 2 months into the mission with no symptoms experienced prior to it. After careful considerations, blood thinners were used for most of the rest of the mission. Between 1 and 10 days after landing, the blood clot has disappeared completely with no symptoms. ^[53] Additional testing was performed on later missions, and as of May 2022 no other astronauts were found to have the same condition. ^[54]
• April 20: A SpaceX Dragon crew capsule exploded during ground testing of its launch abort system. The delay injured no personnel but resulted in delays to timelines of the spacecraft's first crewed flight. ^[55]
• August 23: News media report on an incident where astronaut Anne McClain is accused of illegally accessing her divorced spouse Summer Worden's bank accounts while on board the station. The accusations were false and Worden was later indicted for lying to authorities. ^{[56] [57]}
• August 24: Due to malfunctioning amplifier on the Poisk docking port, the uncrewed Soyuz MS-14 spacecraft failed to lock on the target and started swaying in different directions, unable to determine its relative position. As Soyuz spacecrafts lack TORU remote control system and there was no crew onboard, the docking had to be aborted. ^[58] While initially the plan was to swap the amplifier ^[59] , Soyuz MS-13 was relocated and manually docked to Poisk module on August 26. ^[60] On August 27 MS-14 performed automatic docking with the now available Zvezda aft port with a functioning amplifier. ^[61]
• December 20: The Boeing Orbital Flight Test, an uncrewed flight test of the Boeing Starliner crew spacecraft, is successfully launched but experiences several technical issues in orbit related to an erroneously configured mission timer. The planned docking attempt to the ISS was called off and the spacecraft landed in New Mexico two days later. ^[62] Boeing would conduct a repeat mission on its own funds two years later. ^[63]

2021

• April 21: During the pre-docking coast phase a late conjunction notice was announced in Crew-2 Dragon capsule. At the time, its crew was in presleep period but had to switch into their suits and prepare for potential collision as a precaution. After the time of closest approach passed, they went back to regular activities. Later analysis showed the approaching object wasn't a physical object but a dummy satellite used internally by Space Force in their database. The conjunction message was then erroneously delivered to NASA. ^[64]
• July 29: The recently docked Nauka space station module experienced a computer glitch that caused it to fire its thrusters, causing the space station to be rotated end-over-end one and a half times; a "spacecraft emergency" was called for the first time in the history of the program by flight director Zebulon Scoville. ^[65] Attitude control was only regained after the errant module had completely depleted its fuel reserves. The module had experienced technical issues related to its propulsion prior to docking with the ISS. The uncrewed Boe-OFT2 Starliner mission would be delayed 96 hours due to the incident, but later would be cancelled entirely after the Starliner's valves were found to be faulty. ^[66]
• October 15: Soyuz MS-18 engine kept firing longer than expected during testing while docked to the space station. It resulted in station turning 57 degrees off the nominal attitude and beginning of emergency procedures. Orientation was restored about 30 minutes later without other issues. ^[67]
• November 15: Russia conducts an anti-satellite missile test and shatters the Kosmos 1408 spacecraft into a cloud of thousands of debris fragments, endangering the International Space Station and other spacecraft. All crew aboard the ISS were ordered to don spacesuits and proceed to their respective return spacecraft in the event that the ISS were to be struck by debris and depressurized. ^[68] In June 2022, the space station executed a maneuver to dodge a debris fragment from the destroyed satellite. ^[69]

2022

• May 19: During orbital insertion burn on Boeing Orbital Flight Test 2, a repeat of a previous test flight, two of the spacecraft's maneuvering thrusters failed during orbital insertion burn due to drop in chamber pressure. Two smaller RCS thrusters also failed during ISS rendezvous operations, but later recovered. Due to redundancies in both thruster systems, the spacecraft was still able to dock to the station and then successfully land 4 days later. ^{[70] [71]} Issues with OMAC thrusters were likely caused by debris in an undetermined area. The temporary failure of RCS thrusters was initially blamed on low inlet pressure that could be mitigated by adjustments of timing and tolerances ^[72] but the same issue would repeat during Crew Flight Test in June 2024.

• August 17: Russian VKD-54 spacewalk was terminated early due to abnormal battery readings of Oleg Artemyev's spacesuit. Both participating cosmonauts returned to the airlock without further problems, the remaining tasks were completed during the next spacewalk. ^{[73] [74]}
• November 7: During the launch of Cygnus NG-18 cargo spacecraft, debris from the acoustic blanket of Antares launch vehicle got stuck in one of the solar arrays mechanisms, preventing it from being fully deployed. The one operational solar array was enough to power the spacecraft, and after consideration NASA allowed the spacecraft to rendezvous and be berthed to the ISS. No further issues occurred because of this failure. ^[75]

Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft leaking coolant as seen on NASA TV livestream

• December 14: Soyuz MS-22 spacecraft sprung a leak in external cooling loop of the service module. The leak was determined to be caused by a micrometeoroid impact. The spacecraft stayed docked as an emergency rescue vehicle but was deemed not viable for a normal crew return. As a result, Soyuz MS-23 was launched without crew as a replacement in February, while MS-22 undocked and landed without the crew on March 28. ^[76] The mission of the crew was extended and they returned on September 27th on Soyuz MS-23, setting the record of the longest US spaceflight.

2023

• February 11: Progress MS-21 spacecraft sprung a leak in external cooling loop of the service module. The leak was determined to be caused by a micrometeoroid impact. The leak area was inspected using Canadarm2 as well as photographs taken after undocking. The incident resulted in a delay of Soyuz MS-23 launch, needed to replace Soyuz MS-22 that had a leak several months prior. ^[77]
• October 9: A leak from one of Nauka Multipurpose Laboratory Module radiators was observed with the ISS cameras and visual inspections. The origin of the leak was Nauka’s backup radiator while the primary radiator continued working as normal. The radiator system was first delivered to the ISS in 2010 and installed in April 2023. As a result of the incident, the two NASA spacewalks have been postponed. ^[78] During Roscosmos spacewalk on October 25 the backup radiator was isolated and inspected. During inspection a bubble of coolant liberated from the leak area, causing additional precautions at the end of the spacewalk to avoid contaminating the ISS environment. ^[79]

2024

• March 8: A 0.7 kilograms (1.5 lb) piece of space junk that survived reentry has impacted a house in Naples, Florida. No people were harmed. NASA later confirmed the object to be an inconel stanchion that was a part of a cargo pallet with old batteries jettisoned from the ISS in March 2021. ^[80] The pallets were originally planned to be safely disposed of with an HTV spacecraft that delivered the replacement batteries to the space station, but Exposed Pallet brought by HTV-7 was left on the ISS due to Soyuz MS-10 launch failure affecting spacewalk schedules. After the final HTV flight one pallet remained on the ISS, and it was jettisoned from the ISS after being estimated to burn up completely on reentry. ^[81]
• June 6: During the coast phase of Boeing Crew Flight Test mission two helium leaks in Starliner pressurization system have been found, in addition to one known before the launch. Throughout the docking process, five of the RCS thrusters failed, prompting the docking to be delayed until four of them came online after several resets. This failure was similar to issues that occurred during OFT-2 in May of 2022, despite software fixes designed to prevent them. Two more helium leaks were later discovered while the spacecraft was docked to the station. ^{[82] [83]} The ongoing leaks and thruster issues lead to undocking being postponed indefinitely, to give more time for analysis as well as both ground and on-orbit tests. The ground tests revealed the likely cause of thruster failure to be a Teflon seal bulging due to overheating and restricting propellant flow, resulting in loss of thrust. ^[84] Despite attempts to refine modeling of this behavior, the uncertainty was deemed to be too high for a crewed return, prompting NASA to announce on August 24th that Starliner capsule will be returned uncrewed. The mission crew will continue their work as a part of Expedition 71/72 and return with SpaceX Crew-9 that will be launched with two crew members instead of planned four. ^[85]
• June 24: US EVA-90 spacewalk lasted for only 31 minutes due to a water leak in the umbilical unit connected to Tracy Dyson's spacesuit shortly after opening the airlock hatch. The spacewalkers repressurized the airlock and removed their suits without issues. ^[86]
• June 27: Shortly after discovery of Resurs-P1 breakup, at 00:45 UTC the space station crew was instructed to shelter in their spacecrafts as a precaution in the event of collision with the debris. About an hour later, "safe haven" was released, and crew returned to their normal operations. ^{[87] [88]}

See also

• Maintenance of the International Space Station

References

1. RSC Energia (3 December 2001). "Untitled". www.energia.ru. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
2. Zak, Anatoly (5 May 2012). "Soyuz TMA-1 mission to the ISS". www.russianspaceweb.com. Archived from the original on 11 May 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
3. philip.john (28 May 2003). "RSC Energia Report on Cause of Soyuz TMA-1 Reentry Problems". SpaceNews. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
4. RSC Energia (27 February 2004). "OFFICIAL PRESS RELEASE about EVA 9 program-related activities performed by the ISS Expedition Crew 8". RSC Energia. Archived from the original on 18 October 2015.
5. Dunbar, Brian; John Ira Petty (24 June 2004). "International Space Station Status Report #04-32". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023.
6. Dunbar, Brian; John Ira Petty (29 June 2004). "International Space Station Status Report #04-35". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022.
7. Tariq Malik (27 August 2004). "Expedition 9 Crew Prepares for Final Spacewalk". Space.com. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
8. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (3 August 2004). "International Space Station Status Report #04-43". spaceflight.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 24 February 2021.
9. Harwood, William (1 August 2005). "Potential spacewalk repair never attempted before". spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
10. Harwood, William (3 August 2005). "Space repair man fixes tile gap fillers". www.spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
11. Harwood, William (4 August 2005). "Fourth spacewalk ruled out". www.spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
12. Zak, Anatoly (26 October 2006). "Antenna glitch on cargo ship complicates docking". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 13 May 2024.
13. Kauderer, Amiko; Dunbar, Brian (22 February 2007). "Spacewalkers Successfully Retract Progress Antenna". NASA. Archived from the original on 14 May 2021.
14. Dunbar, Brian; Nevills, Amiko (23 November 2007). "STS-117 MCC Status Report #15". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010.
15. Dunbar, Brian; Nevills, Amiko (15 August 2007). "STATUS REPORT : STS-118-15". www.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 7 May 2023.
16. Bergin, Chris (31 August 2007). "Mastracchio's glove damage cause revealed - PMA-3 relocated". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2024.
17. Harwood, William (21 October 2007). "Soyuz capsule makes 'ballistic' descent to Earth". www.spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
18. Zak, Anatoly (5 May 2012). "Mission of Soyuz TMA-11". www.russianspaceweb.com. Archived from the original on 22 May 2024. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
19. Hsu, Jeremy (10 July 2008). "Spacewalkers Remove Explosive Bolt from Russian Craft". Space.com. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
20. Bergin, Chris (8 April 2009). "Soyuz investigation findings backed by nominal Soyuz TMA-13 return". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
21. Harwood, William (20 November 2008). "Second spacewalk a success; water recycling glitch studied". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
22. Harwood, William (24 November 2008). "Spacewalk No. 4 ends". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
23. Malik, Tariq (17 March 2009). "Debris Scare Sends Station Crew into Soyuz". SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
24. Bergin, Chris (30 September 2009). "Soyuz TMA-16 launches for journey to ISS - Safe Haven evaluations". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
25. Harwood, William (22 July 2009). "Extensive spacewalk replanning underway". spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 9 May 2024.
26. Zak, Anatoly (5 July 2010). "Another docking attempt". RussianSpaceWeb.com. Archived from the original on 17 April 2024. Retrieved 14 May 2024.
27. Malik, Tariq (24 September 2010). "Glitch delays space station crew's departure". NBC News. Archived from the original on 22 March 2024. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
28. Bergin, Chris (24 September 2010). "Soyuz TMA-18 home after second undocking attempt success". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 7 November 2023. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
29. "Проблемы с расстыковкой российских космических кораблей от МКС устранены - ЦУП". Roscosmos (in Russian). 28 October 2010. Archived from the original on 23 August 2022. Retrieved 5 June 2024.
30. SpaceNews Staff (5 July 2011). "Space Junk Forces ISS Crew To Take Shelter in Soyuz". SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
31. Harding, Pete (31 August 2011). "ISS managers adjust flight manifest following Progress launch failure". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 10 June 2023. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
32. Harding, Pete (30 October 2011). "Progress Launch: Russia successfully resumes Soyuz booster flights to the ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 5 May 2024. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
33. SpaceNews Staff (2 April 2012). "ISS Crew Take Shelter in Soyuz During Debris Scare". SpaceNews. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
34. Bergin, Chris (3 March 2013). "Resilient CRS-2 Dragon successfully berthed on the ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
35. Clark, Stephen (26 March 2013). "SpaceX brings home Dragon with 2,700 pounds of cargo". spaceflightnow.com. Archived from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 16 June 2024.
36. Wilcox, Kevin (2021-10-18). "Investigation of EVA 23 Resonates at PK Expo". appel.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
37. Bergin, Chris; Harding, Pete (27 March 2014). "Soyuz TMA-12M successfully docks with ISS". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
38. Harwood, William (28 April 2015). "Russians scramble to restore cargo ship communications – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
39. Harwood, William (12 May 2015). "Russia delays ISS crew rotation flights – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
40. Clark, Stephen (2 July 2015). "Progress failure probe points to linkage with Soyuz rocket – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 1 October 2023. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
41. Foust, Jeff (2015-06-28). "Docking Adapter, Satellites, Student Experiments Lost In Dragon Failure". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
42. Bergin, Chris (16 July 2015). "Debris from old Russian satellite forced ISS crew into contingency ops". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 17 June 2024.
43. Bergin, Chris (26 October 2016). "EVA-35 investigation clears suit as ISS prepares for major battery change". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
44. Foust, Jeff (1 December 2016). "Progress launch to space station fails". SpaceNews. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
45. Gebhardt, Chris (16 January 2017). "Examining the probable causes of Progress MS-04 failure". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
46. Blau, Patrick (20 February 2017). "Final Soyuz U rolls to Baikonur Launch Pad to cap Four-Decade Career with ISS Logistics". Spaceflight101.com. Archived from the original on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
47. Foust, Jeff (17 October 2017). "Soyuz capsule suffered partial depressurization during April landing". SpaceNews. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
48. Zak, Anatoly; Chabot, Alain (28 December 2017). "Progress MS-06 to resupply ISS". russianspaceweb.com. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
49. Clark, Stephen. "Cosmonauts plug small air leak on the International Space Station – Spaceflight Now" . Retrieved 2023-03-03.
50. Pearlman, Robert (12 December 2018). "Cosmonauts on Spacewalk Cut Into Soyuz Spacecraft to Inspect Patched Hole". Space.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2024.
51. Berger, Eric (2021-08-12). "Russia's space program just threw a NASA astronaut under the bus". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2023-03-04.
52. Hodge, Nathan; Smith-Spark, Laura (2018-10-11). "Russia investigating failed Soyuz rocket launch". CNN. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
53. Auñón-Chancellor, Serena M.; Pattarini, James M.; Moll, Stephan; Sargsyan, Ashot (2 January 2020). "Venous Thrombosis during Spaceflight". New England Journal of Medicine. 382 (1): 89–90. doi:10.1056/NEJMc1905875. ISSN   0028-4793. PMID   31893522 . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
54. Pavela, James; Sargsyan, Ashot; Bedi, Deepak; Everson, Aaron; Charvat, Jacqueline; Mason, Sara; Johansen, Benjamin; Marshall-Goebel, Karina; Mercaldo, Sarah; Shah, Ronak; Moll, Stephan (August 2022). "Surveillance for jugular venous thrombosis in astronauts". Vascular Medicine. 27 (4): 365–372. doi:10.1177/1358863X221086619. ISSN   1358-863X. PMID   35502899 . Retrieved 6 June 2024.
55. "Explosion that destroyed SpaceX Crew Dragon is blamed on leaking valve". www.cbsnews.com. 15 July 2019. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
56. Baker, Mike (2019-08-23). "NASA Astronaut Anne McClain Accused by Spouse of Crime in Space". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-03-03.
57. Rempfer, Kyle (2020-04-09). "Army astronaut accused of committing crime in space is cleared; ex-wife charged with making false statements". Army Times. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
58. Clark, Stephen. "Station crew to clear new port for second Soyuz docking attempt – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflight Now. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
59. Garcia, Mark (24 August 2019). "Russian Spacecraft Docking Attempt No Earlier Than Monday – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 3 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
60. Garcia, Mark (26 August 2019). "Russian and U.S. Spaceship Activities Keep Crew Busy – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 11 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
61. Garcia, Mark (26 August 2019). "Russian Spacecraft Second Docking Attempt Successful – Space Station". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024.
62. Foust, Jeff (2019-12-22). "Starliner lands in New Mexico". SpaceNews. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
63. Burghardt, Thomas (2020-07-08). "NASA and Boeing Complete Starliner Orbital Flight Test Investigation". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
64. Greenewald, John (23 July 2021). "SpaceX False Alarm Encounter with "Unknown Object" – April 2021 - The Black Vault". The Black Vault. Archived from the original on 28 November 2022. Retrieved 21 June 2024.
65. Chang, Kenneth (2021-08-02). "It Was His Day Off. Then the Space Station Went for a Spin". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-03-03.
66. Harwood, William. "High drama as Russian lab module tilts space station with errant thruster firings – Spaceflight Now" . Retrieved 2023-03-03.
67. Moon, Mariella (16 October 2021). "Surprise Soyuz thruster firing tilted and turned the ISS". Engadget. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
68. "Russian anti-satellite test adds to worsening problem of space debris". BBC News. 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
69. Tariq Malik (2022-06-19). "International Space Station dodges orbital debris from Russian anti-satellite test". Space.com. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
70. Grush, Loren (2022-05-21). "Boeing's Starliner successfully docks to the International Space Station for the first time". The Verge. Retrieved 2023-03-03.
71. Foust, Jeff (25 May 2022). "Starliner concludes OFT-2 test flight with landing in New Mexico". SpaceNews. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
72. Foust, Jeff (25 August 2022). "Starliner crewed test flight slips to early 2023". SpaceNews. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
73. Garcia, Mark (17 August 2022). "Russian Spacewalk Ends Early After Battery Power Issue". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 27 January 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
74. Gray, Tyler (3 September 2022). "Russian cosmonaut pair perform follow-on EVA to outfit robotic arm". NASASpaceFlight.com. Archived from the original on 22 September 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2024.
75. Foust, Jeff (9 November 2022). "Cygnus arrives at space station despite solar array problem". SpaceNews. Retrieved 9 June 2024.
76. Malik, Tariq (27 March 2023). "Leaky Soyuz spacecraft at space station returns to Earth in speedy landing". Space.com. Retrieved 11 April 2024.
77. Malik, Tariq (18 February 2023). "Russian Progress cargo ship departs space station despite coolant leak". Space.com. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
78. Garcia, Mark (11 October 2023). "Spacewalks Postponed as Managers Review Leak Data". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
79. Graf, Abby (25 October 2023). "Cosmonauts Finish Spacewalk Following Hardware Installs and Inspections". blogs.nasa.gov. Retrieved 22 April 2024.
80. Wall, Mike (15 April 2024). "Object that slammed into Florida home was indeed space junk from ISS, NASA confirms". Space.com. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
81. Clark, Stephen (12 March 2021). "Garbage pallet jettisoned from space station will stay in orbit two-to-four years – Spaceflight Now". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
82. Berger, Eric (7 June 2024). "After a drama-filled day, Boeing's Starliner finally finds its way". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
83. Foust, Jeff (6 June 2024). "Starliner docks with International Space Station on crewed test flight". SpaceNews. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
84. Clark, Stephen (25 August 2024). "NASA's Starliner decision was the right one, but it's a crushing blow for Boeing". Ars Technica. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
85. Taveau, Jessica (24 August 2024). "NASA Decides to Bring Starliner Spacecraft Back to Earth Without Crew - NASA". NASA. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024. Retrieved 26 August 2024.
86. Garcia, Mark (24 June 2024). "U.S. Spacewalk Update". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 25 June 2024. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
87. Garcia, Mark (27 June 2024). "Ongoing Spacewalk Preps, Science, and Plumbing Keep Crews Busy". blogs.nasa.gov. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
88. Roulette, Joey (27 June 2024). "Russian satellite blasts debris in space, forces ISS astronauts to shelter". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 June 2024. Retrieved 29 June 2024.