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Bank robbery is the criminal act of stealing from a bank, specifically while bank employees and customers are subjected to force, violence, or a threat of violence. This refers to robbery of a bank branch or teller, as opposed to other bank-owned property, such as a train, armored car, or (historically) stagecoach. It is a federal crime in the United States.
Since the invention of locomotives in the early 19th century, trains have often been the target of robbery, in which the goal is to steal money or other valuables. Train robbery was especially common during the 19th century and is commonly associated with gangs of outlaws in the American Old West. It has continued into the 21st century, with criminals usually targeting freight trains carrying commercial cargo, or targeting passengers of public transportation for their valuables.
The Great Brink's Robbery was an armed robbery of the Brink's building in the North End of Boston, Massachusetts, on January 17, 1950. The $2.775 million theft consisted of $1,218,211.29 in cash and $1,557,183.83 in checks, money orders, and other securities. It was at the time the largest robbery in the history of the United States and has been called "the crime of the century". The robbery remained unsolved for nearly six years, until estranged group member Joseph O'Keefe testified only days before the statute of limitations would have expired.
James Burke, also known as "Jimmy the Gent", was an American gangster and Lucchese crime family associate who is believed to have organized the 1978 Lufthansa heist, the largest cash robbery in American history at the time. He was believed to be responsible for the deaths of those involved in the months after the robbery.
A shootout, also called a firefight, gunfight, or gun battle, is an armed confrontation entailing firearms between armed parties using guns, always entailing intense disagreement(s) between the fighting parties. The term can be used to describe any such fight, though it is typically used in a non-military context or to describe combat situations primarily using firearms.
The Khalistan Commando Force (KCF) is a Sikh Khalistani militant organisation operating in the state of Punjab, India with prominent members based in Canada, United Kingdom and Pakistan. Its objective is the creation of a Sikh independent state of Khalistan through armed struggle. KCF is also responsible for many assassinations in India, including the 1995 assassination of Punjab Chief Minister Beant Singh. It is designated as a terrorist organisation by the Government of India.
The Lufthansa heist was a robbery which took place at New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport on December 11, 1978. An estimated US$5.875 million was stolen, with $5 million in cash and $875,000 in jewelry, making it the largest cash robbery committed in the U.S. at the time.
The 2006 Securitas depot robbery in Tonbridge, England, was the UK's largest cash heist. It began with a kidnapping on the evening of 21 February 2006 and ended in the early hours of 22 February, when seven criminals stole almost £53 million. The gang left behind another £154 million because they did not have the means to transport it.
Harjinder Singh Jinda was a Sikh militant and one of the two assassins of Arun Vaidya. He was responsible for three high-profile assassinations: Arjan Dass, Lalit Maken and Gen. Vaidya. He along with other members of Khalistan Commando Force participated in Indian history's biggest bank robbery of ₹ 57 million from Punjab National Bank, Miller Gunj branch, Ludhiana to finance the militancy for a separate Sikh state of Khalistan.
George Leonidas Leslie, who sometimes used the names George Howard and George Herbert, was an American bank robber and architect. He was involved in 80% of the bank robberies in the United States from 1869 to 1878, and was known as "The King of Bank Robbers".
The Chelambra bank robbery in the Malappuram district of Kerala, India is considered to be one of the biggest and most sensational bank robberies in the crime history of Kerala. In the early hours of 30 December 2007, the robbers made a hole in the floor of the Kerala Gramin Bank and got away with 80 kilograms of gold and 5,000,000 rupees, a total value of 80 million Indian Rupees.
Sukhdev Singh Dhillon, also known as General Labh Singh and Sukha Sipahi was an Indian militant, police officer, and Sikh separatist who took command of the Khalistan Commando Force after its first leader, Manbir Singh Chaheru, was arrested in 1986.
Patrick Michael "Paddy" Mitchell of Ottawa, Ontario, was leader of the notorious "Stopwatch Gang" of bank robbers. Mitchell was on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's most wanted list for the Stopwatch Gang's bank robberies across the United States.
The Cretzer-Kyle Gang was a Depression-era criminal group led by Joseph "Dutch" Cretzer and Arnold Thomas Kyle during the mid-to late 1930s. Largely active in the West Coast, they were one of the few groups to gain national attention outside the Midwest and also one of the last groups to be captured by the FBI at the end of the decade. Cretzer was killed in a failed attempt to escape Alcatraz resulting in the 1946 prison riot.
James "Old Jimmy" Hope was a 19th-century American burglar, bank robber and underworld figure in Philadelphia and later New York City. He was considered one of the most successful and sought after bank burglars in the United States during his lifetime as well as a skilled escape artist for his repeated breakouts from Auburn State Prison in New York.
George Earl "The Kid" Northern (1903–1936) was a Prohibition-era bank robber and early associate of Harry Pierpont. He was the older brother of Pierpont's girlfriend, Mary Kinder.
On Sunday, October 27, 1878, the Manhattan Savings Institution bank and depository in Manhattan, New York City was robbed of $2,747,700 in cash and securities by the former gang of serial bank robber George Leonidas Leslie. At the time, it was the largest-paying criminal heist in history.
On January 26, 1876, the Northampton Bank in Northampton, Massachusetts, was robbed of $1.6 million in cash, bonds, and other securities by the Rufus Gang, which was led by Thomas Dunlap, Robert Scott, and George Leonidas Leslie. Leslie planned the robbery, but did not participate physically. It was the largest bank robbery in U.S. history at the time. 75 depositors lost their money.
In June 1869, the Ocean National Bank in Manhattan, New York City was robbed of $768,879.94 in cash, securities, and jewelry by the gang of George Leonidas Leslie. It was the largest heist in New York City history at the time. Planning for the heist took three months, and was funded by Fredericka Mandelbaum, who received a 10% cut of the earnings.
On February 10, 1997, the Seafirst Bank branch of Lakewood, Washington, was robbed of $4,461,681 in cash by Billy Kirkpatrick and Ray Bowman, also known as the Trenchcoat Robbers. An investigation by the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Internal Revenue Service caught the two, and they were both sent to 15 years in prison in 1999. It is one of the largest robberies in U.S. history.
References
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- 1 2 Jacobs, Julia (January 31, 2019). "A Secret Tunnel Leading Toward a Florida Bank Puzzles the F.B.I." www.nytimes.com. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- 1 2 AFP (February 12, 2018). "Suspected mastermind on trial for France's 'heist of the century'". www.theguardian. Retrieved January 31, 2019.
- ↑ Bank robbers make off with $11.4 million UPI archives July 4, 1986
- ↑ History’s biggest heists virginmedia.com October 15, 2015
- ↑ Robbers get away with up to $9 million UPI archives December 2, 1985
- 1 2 Singh, Gurpreet; Jaswal, Gourav (1996). Terrorism: Punjab's recurring nightmare. Sehgal Book Distributors. p. 98.
Labh Singh masterminded a bank robbery of R. 6 crore from a branch...
- ↑ "Sikh Separatists Masquerade as Police to Stage India's Biggest Bank Robbery". Los Angeles Times . February 13, 1987. Archived from the original on October 22, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
Sikh(bracketed) separatists dressed as police officers looted a bank Thursday and escaped with $4.5 million, the biggest bank heist in Indian history, officials said. Bank robberies occur almost every week in Punjab.
- 1 2 "Sikhs rob India bank of $4.5 million". Chicago Sun-Times. February 13, 1987. Archived from the original on October 21, 2012. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Limca Book of Records. Bisleri Beverages Ltd. 1999. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Kumar, Ram Narayan (1997). The Sikh unrest and the Indian state: politics, personalities, and historical retrospective. Ajanta Publications, India. p. 445. ISBN 9788120204539.
It was only after the big bank robbery at Ludhiana in February 1987 that they could purchase sophisticated weapons; there was only one sten gun in the entire state.
- ↑ Dhillon, Kirpal (2006). Identity and Survival: Sikh Militancy in India 1978-1993. Pa. Penguin India. ISBN 978-0-14-310036-2 . Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Asian Recorder, Issue 28. K. K. Thomas at Recorder Press. 1987. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Paramjit Singh Panjwar (Khalistan Commando Force)". Indianexpress.com. December 4, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ Asian recorder - Google Books. August 26, 2008. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Police arrest 'dead' terrorist". Indianexpress.com. October 12, 1998. Retrieved August 9, 2009.[ dead link ]
- 1 2 Chaudhry, Amrita (October 1, 2006). "Gursharan Singh Gama arrested". cities.expressindia.com.[ dead link ]
- 1 2 "Killers of Lalit Maken held" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 13, 2011. Retrieved September 20, 2009.
- ↑ Chaudhry, Amrita (September 14, 2005). "Dreaded militant Daljit Singh alias Bittu gets parole for marriage". cities.expressindia.com. Retrieved August 30, 2009.[ dead link ]
- ↑ "News & Current Events". Ministry of Truth. Archived from the original on May 6, 2010. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
- ↑ "Japan Times 1968: Bandit steals ¥294 million in daring daylight robbery". December 2018. Archived from the original on November 8, 2020.
- ↑ ja:福徳銀行5億円強奪事件
- ↑ ja:立川６億円強奪事件
- ↑ "High-profile heists". BBC News. August 11, 2009. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- ↑ "HSBC employees being questioned after hold up". 1 July 2010. maltastar.com. Retrieved November 19, 2014.
- ↑ "Šest let po ropu SKB storilci na svobodi". Slovenskenovice.si. October 30, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
- ↑ "5 let po ropu v SKB-ju za preiskavo ostaja še potencialnih 15 let". Prvi interaktivni multimedijski portal, MMC RTV Slovenija. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
- ↑ "Rop SKB: Iz sefov izginilo 19 milijonov v gotovini | Dnevnik". Archived from the original on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 18, 2014.
- ↑ "Domnevnih roparjev banke SKB tudi danes ni bilo na sodišče". www.delo.si. October 4, 2013. Retrieved December 16, 2014.
- ↑ 1976: Bank robbers jailed for 100 years, BBC News, On this day
- ↑ "High-profile heists". BBC News. August 11, 2009.
- ↑ Dunau, Bera (May 15, 2019). "A bank heist, a head shop and heroes in a half shell: New mural on Main Street". Daily Hampshire Gazette.
- ↑ Landrigan, Leslie (January 28, 2018). "The Northampton National Bank Heist, the Biggest in U.S. History". New England Historical Society.
- ↑ Conway, J. North (October 19, 2014). "The High Society Bank Robber of the 1800s". The Daily Beast .
- ↑ Mulligan, Frank (October 7, 2009). "Fact tops fiction in story of country's best bank robber". The State Journal-Register.
- ↑ Young, Yasmin (February 8, 2022). "These 3 New York Bank Robberies Were Among The Biggest In America". Power 93.7 WBLK. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
- ↑ The bank robbery few people recall Sheridan County Historical Society October 3, 2014
- ↑ Mancuso, Vinnie (February 25, 2019). "'Finding Steve McQueen' Trailer Takes You Into One of History's Biggest Heists". Collider .
- ↑ "Four masked gunmen who stole $3.3 million in the ..." United Press International . April 23, 1981.
- ↑ "Cash Deal Undid Trench Coat Robbers". Sun Sentinel . November 8, 1998.