List of fastest computers

Last updated

This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.

YearCountry of siteSiteVendor / builderComputerPerformance [a] R
1938Flag of Germany (1935-1945).svg  Germany Personal research and development
Berlin, Germany
Konrad Zuse Z1 1.00 IPS [1]
1940 Z2 1.25IPS [2]
1941 Z3 20.00IPS [3]
1944Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Bletchley Park Tommy Flowers and his team,
Post Office Research Station
Colossus 5.00 kIPS [4]
1945Flag of the United States (1912-1959).svg  United States University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ENIAC 5.00 kIPS [5]
1951 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory Whirlwind I 20.00kIPS [6]
1958 McGuire Air Force Base IBM AN/FSQ-7 75.00kIPS [7]
1960Flag of the United States (1959-1960).svg  United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 7090 229.00kIPS [8]
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Remington Rand's UNIVAC LARC 250.00kIPS [9]
1961Flag of the United States.svg  United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory IBM 7030 Stretch 1.20 MIPS [10]
1962Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom University of Manchester University of Manchester,
Ferranti International, and Plessey Co.
Atlas 1.00 M FLOPS [11]
1964Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos CDC 6600 3.00MFLOPS [12]
1969 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7600 36.00MFLOPS [13]
1974 STAR-100 100.00MFLOPS [14]
1976 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Cray Cray-1 160.00MFLOPS [15]
1980Flag of the United Kingdom.svg  United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell CDC Cyber 205 400.00MFLOPS [16]
1983Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States National Security Agency Cray X-MP/4 713.00MFLOPS* [17]
1985Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Cray Cray-2 1.41 GFLOPS* [18]
1988 NASA Ames Research Center Y-MP/832 2.14GFLOPS* [17]
1990Flag of Japan.svg  Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Fujitsu VP2600/10 4.00GFLOPS* [19]
1992Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg  Canada Atmospheric Environment Service NEC SX-3/44 20.00GFLOPS* [20]
1993Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 59.70GFLOPS* [21]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 124.20GFLOPS* [22]
1994Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel Paragon XP/S 140 143.40GFLOPS* [23]
Flag of Japan.svg  Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 170.00GFLOPS* [22]
1996 University of Tokyo Hitachi SR2201 232.40GFLOPS* [24]
University of Tsukuba CP-PACS 368.20GFLOPS* [25]
1997Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel ASCI Red 1.06 TFLOPS* [26]
2000 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM ASCI White 4.93TFLOPS* [27]
20017.20TFLOPS*
2002Flag of Japan.svg  Japan JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center NEC Earth Simulator 35.86TFLOPS* [28]
2004Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Blue Gene/L 70.72TFLOPS* [29]
2005136.80TFLOPS*
280.60TFLOPS*
2007478.20TFLOPS*
2008Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory IBM Roadrunner 1.02 PFLOPS* [30]
1.10PFLOPS*
2009 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Jaguar 1.75PFLOPS* [31]
2010Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-1A 2.57PFLOPS* [32]
2011Flag of Japan.svg  Japan RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science Fujitsu K computer 10.51PFLOPS* [33]
2012Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q)16.32PFLOPS* [34]
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Titan 17.59PFLOPS* [35]
2013Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-2 33.86PFLOPS* [36]
2016 National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi NRCPC Sunway TaihuLight 93.01PFLOPS* [37]
2018Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory IBM Summit 122.30PFLOPS* [38]
2019148.60PFLOPS* [39]
2020Flag of Japan.svg  Japan RIKEN Center for Computational Science Fujitsu Fugaku 415.53PFLOPS* [40]
442.01PFLOPS*
2022Flag of the United States (23px).png  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory HPE Cray Frontier 1.102 EFLOPS* [41]
20231.194EFLOPS*
20241.206EFLOPS*
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory El Capitan 1.742EFLOPS* [42]

a. ^ An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.

See also

References

  1. "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  2. "Z2". horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  3. Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN   3-540-60626-2. OCLC   68764206.
  4. "The Colossus Machine". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  5. Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  6. Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and discussions presented at the Dec. 10-12, 1951, joint AIEE-IRE computer conference: Review of electronic digital computers on - AIEE-IRE '51. ACM. pp. 70–74. doi: 10.1145/1434770.1434781 . Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  7. "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  8. "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  9. "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  10. Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN   978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC   772461594.
  11. Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN   978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC   156380308.
  12. Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  13. Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  14. LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978
  15. "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  16. "PDS: The Performance Database Server (Linpack)". performance.netlib.org. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  17. 1 2 "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  18. "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  19. "VP2600/10". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  20. "AES Installs Worlds Fastest Supercomputer". Very Computer. 1991-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  21. "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  22. 1 2 "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  23. "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  24. "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  25. "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  26. "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  27. "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  28. "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  29. "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  30. "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  31. "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  32. "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  33. "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  34. "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  35. "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  36. "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  37. "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  38. "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  39. "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  40. "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  41. "Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  42. "El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-11-19.