List of information technology initialisms

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The table below lists information technology initialisms and acronyms in common and current usage. These acronyms are used to discuss LAN, internet, WAN, routing and switching protocols, and their applicable organizations. [1] [2] [3] The table contains only current, common, non-proprietary initialisms that are specific to information technology. Most of these initialisms appear in IT career certification exams such as CompTIA A+.

AbbreviationMeaningPrimary Applicability [4] Normative Reference
ACK AcknowledgementTransport and other layers TCP/IP, for example. RFC 793
ACL Access control listSecurity, application layer Access control list, Cisco overview
ADSL Asymmetric digital subscriber lineTelecom ITU-T G.992.5 Annex M, for example
AES Advanced Encryption StandardSecurity U.S. FIPS PUB 197
ANSI American National Standards InstituteOrganization ANSI
API Application Programming InterfaceSoftware API
ARP Address Resolution ProtocolLink layer RFC 1122
ATM Asynchronous Transfer ModeTelecom ATM cell description
BGP Border Gateway Protocol (routing protocol)Application layer, Routers RFC 4271
BSS Basic service set (Wi-Fi)Wireless IEEE Std 802.11-2007
CAT Category (e.g. CAT-5 cable)Physical layer ANSI/TIA/EIA-568-B.1-2001
CCITT (obs.) Standards organization that has been replaced by ITU-TOrganization ITU-T
CHAP Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (PPP)Security, telecom RFC 1994
CIDR Classless Inter-Domain RoutingArchitecture RFC 1518 RFC 1519
CIR Committed Information Rate (Frame Relay)Telecom RFC 1490 RFC 1973 RFC 2427
CLI Command line interpreterHardware Catalyst 6500 Series Command Reference, 7.6, for example
CPE Customer premises equipmentTelecom Telecom Glossary
CPU Central processing UnitMicroprocessor Wikipedia
CRC Cyclic redundancy checkLink and other layers24 References here.
CRC-16-CCITT Cyclic redundancy check (X.25, HDLC)Link layers Reference on CRC page.
CRT Cathode Ray TubeTelevision set, Computer Monitor Cathode ray tube
CSMA/CA Carrier sense multiple access / collision avoidanceWireless IEEE Std 802.11 Downloads
CSMA/CD Carrier sense multiple access / collision detectionPhysical layer IEEE Std 802.3TM-2002
CSU/DSU Channel service unit / data service unitTelecom Telecom Glossary
CMOS Complementary metal-oxide semiconductorUtility CMOS
DAM Database activity monitoringSecurity Database activity monitoring
DAM Digital asset managementInternet Layer Digital asset management
DCE Data communications equipmentTelecom Telecom Glossary
DEC (obs.) Digital Equipment CorporationOrganization Digital Equipment Corporation formally Purchased by Compaq in 1998. Merged with Hewlett-Packard 2002.
DES Data Encryption Standard (obs. See AES)Security Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) FIPS-46-3
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration ProtocolApplication layer, Internet Layer RFC 2131 and others
DIMM Dual In-line Memory ModuleHardware DIMM
DNS Domain Name SystemApplication layerOver 30 RFCs here.
DRAM Dynamic random-access memoryHardware Dynamic random-access memory
DSL Digital subscriber lineTelecom Telecom Glossary
DSLAM Digital subscriber line access multiplexerTelecom Telecom Glossary (proposed)
DTE Data Terminal EquipmentTelecom Telecom Glossary
DMI Desktop Management InterfaceUtility Desktop Management Interface
EHA Ethernet Hardware Address (MAC address)Link layer IEEE Std 802 IEEE OUI Assignments
EIA Electronics Industry AllianceOrganization EIA
EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing ProtocolInternet Layer Cisco Doc ID: 16406
EMAC Ethernet Media Access ControlLink Layer
EOF End Of Frame (HDLC, etc.)Link layer HDLC framing
ESS Extended service set (Wi-Fi group)Wireless IEEE Std 802.11-2007
FCC Federal Communications Commission (US)Organization US FCC
FCS Frame check sequence (Ethernet)Link layer Ethernet Frame IEEE Std 802.3
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data InterfaceLink layer American National Standards Institute X3T9.5 (now X3T12), ISO/IEC 9314-x
FTP File Transfer ProtocolApplication layer RFC 959 and others
GBIC Gigabit interface converterHardware Seagate Specification
gbps Gigabit per secondPhysical layer Gigabit per second
GEPOF Gigabit Ethernet (over) Plastic Optical FiberPhysical layerIEEE P802.3bv
GMAC Gigabit Ethernet Media Access ControlLink Layer
HDLC High-level Data Link ControlLink layer ISO 13239
HTTP HyperText Transfer ProtocolApplication layer W3C Change History for HTTP
HTTPS HyperText Transfer Protocol SecureTransport and other layers SSL 3.0 Specification
IaaS Infrastructure as a serviceCloud Services IaaS Microsoft Docs
IANA Internet Assigned Number AuthorityOrganization IANA
ICaaS Integration Capability as a ServiceOrganization ICaaS
ICMP Internet Control Message ProtocolInternet Layer RFC 792
IDF Intermediate distribution framePhysical layer Structured cabling or Telecom Glossary
IDS Intrusion Detection SystemSecurityWikipedia
IEEE Institute for Electrical and Electronic EngineersOrganization IEEE
IETF Internet Engineering Task ForceOrganization IETF
IMAP Internet Message Access ProtocolApplication layer RFC 3501
IP Internet ProtocolInternet Layer RFC 791 RFC 1606
IPS Intrusion prevention systemSecurity "NIST - Guide to Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDPS)". 2007-02. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System (routing protocol)Internet Layer ISO/IEC 10589:2002
ISDN Integrated Services Digital NetworkTelecom IEC Area 716-xx
ISP Internet service providerTelecom Telecom Glossary
ITU-T International Telecommunication UnionOrganization http://www.itu.int
kbps Kilobit per secondPhysical layer Kilobit per second
LACP Link Aggregation Control ProtocolData link layer
LAN Local area networkLink and other layers Telecom Glossary
LAPB Link Access Procedure, Balanced (x.25)Telecom ITU-T Recommendation X.222
LAPFLink-access procedure for Frame Relay Telecom RFC 1490
LLC Logical link controlLink layer Telecom Glossary
MAC Media access controlLink layer IEEE Std 802.3 and 802.11, for example
MAM Media access management (related to Digital asset management)Internet layerWikipedia
MAN Metropolitan area networkTelecom Telecom Glossary
Mbps Megabits per secondPhysical layer Megabit_per_second
MCMultiple choiceIT Professional Certification About certification exams
MDF Main distribution framePhysical layer Glossary See also Structured cabling
MIB Management information base (SNMP)Application layer RFC 3418
MII Media-independent InterfaceLink layer
MoCA Multimedia over Coax AllianceOrganization Multimedia over Coax Alliance
MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switchingnetwork technology
MTU Maximum Transmission UnitMultiple layers
NAC Network access controlLink and other layers IEEE 802.1x
NAS Network-attached storageHardware / Storage Computer data storage
NAT Network Address TranslationInternet Layer Cisco Internet Protocol Journal: A look Inside Network Address Translators
NBMA Non-Broadcast Multiple Access (e.g. Frame Relay ATM)TelecomSee ATM, Frame Relay and X.25, for examples.
NIC Network Interface CardPhysical layer Telecom Glossary
NRZ Non-return-to-zeroPhysical layer Federal Standard 1037C
NRZI Non-return to zero invertedPhysical layer Federal Standard 1037C
NVRAM Non-volatile RAMHardwareSample vendor data here
OSI Open System Interconnect (joint ISO and ITU standard)Organization ISO/IEC 9594-5:2005 Open Systems Interconnection Protocol Specifications
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (routing protocol)Internet Layer RFC 2238
OUI Organization Unique IdentifierLink and other layers IEEE OUI Assignments
PAP Password authentication protocolSecurity RFC 1334
PAT Port address translationInternet Layer RFC 1918
PaaS Platform as a serviceCloud Computing/Service Platform as a service
PC Personal computer (host)Hardware
PIM Personal information managerSoftware category
PCM Pulse-code modulationPhysical layer ITU-T G.711
PDU Protocol data unit (such as segment, packet, frame, etc.)Multiple layers Fed Std 1037C
POP3 Post Office Protocol, version 3Application layer RFC 1939
POP Point of presenceTelecom Telecom Glossary
POST Power-on self testHardware Cisco Catalyst 2800 User Guide, for example
POTS Plain old telephone serviceTelecom Telecom Glossary
PPP Point-to-point ProtocolTelecom RFC 1661
PPTP Point-to-Point Tunneling ProtocolTelecom RFC 2637
PTT Public Telephone and TelegraphTelecom Telecom Glossary or Free Dictionary
PVST Per-VLAN Spanning TreeLink layer Cisco's introduction to Spanning Tree Protocol
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User ServiceSecurity RFC 2865
RAM Random Access MemoryPhysical layer Telecom Glossary
RARP Reverse ARPLink layer RFC 903
RIMM Rambus In-line Memory ModuleHardwareWikipedia
RFC Request for CommentsMultiple layers IETF's RFC Index
RIP Routing Information ProtocolInternet Layer RFC 2453, for RIP version 2
RLL Run-Length LimitedPhysical layer RLL is used in a wide range of encodings.
ROM Read-Only MemoryHardware Telecom Glossary
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree ProtocolLink layer IEEE 802.1w - Rapid Reconfiguration of Spanning Tree
RTP Real-time Transport ProtocolApplication layer RFC 3550
SaaS Software as a serviceCloud Computing/Service Software as a service Microsoft Docs
SDLC Synchronous Data Link ControlLink layer Cisco Technology Handbook: SDLC and Derivatives
SDN Software-defined networkingArchitecture Software-defined networking
SFD Start-of-frame delimiter (Ethernet, HDLC, etc.)Link layer IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), or RFC 2687 (HDLC), for examples
SFP Small form-factor pluggableHardware Seagate Specification
S-HTTP Secure HTTP (rarely used)Transport and other layers RFC 2660 See also https
SLARP Serial Line ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)Link and other layers Archived Cisco Serial Line Encapsulation extension
SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol (obs.)Telecom RFC 1055
SIMM Single In-line Memory ModuleHardwareWikipedia
SMTP Simple Mail Transfer ProtocolApplication layer RFC 5321
SNA Systems Network Architecture (IBM)Multiple layers SNA Protocol Suite
SNAP SubNet Access ProtocolLink layer IEEE 802 Overview and Architecture
SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolApplication layer RFC 1155, RFC 3410 thru RFC 3418 and others
SOF Start of frameLink layer IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet), or RFC 2687 (HDLC), for examples
SRAM Static random access memoryHardware PC Guide's Definition
SSH Secure shellApplication layer RFC 4252
SSID Service set identifier (Wi-Fi)Wireless IEEE 802.11
STP Spanning Tree ProtocolLink layer Cisco's Introduction to Spanning Tree Protocol
SYN (TCP) SynchronizationLink and other layers RFC 793 and many others
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet ProtocolTransport layer RFC 793 and many others
TDM Time-division multiplexingPhysical layer Fed Std 1037C
TFTP Trivial File Transfer ProtocolApplication layer RFC 1350
TIA Telecommunications Industry AllianceOrganization Telecommunications Industry Association
TOFU Trust On First UseSecurity Improving SSH-style Host Authentication with Multi-Path Probing
UDP User Datagram ProtocolTransport layer RFC 768
URL Uniform Resource LocatorWeb address URL spec (1994)
USB Universal Serial BusPhysical and other layers USB 3.0 Specification
UTP Unshielded twisted pairPhysicalMany versions are defined by TIA, such as: TIA-568-B
VC Virtual circuitTransport and other layers Telecom Glossary
VLAN Virtual local area networkLink layer IEEE 802.1Q
VLSM Variable-length subnet maskingArchitecture RFC 1518 RFC 1519
VM Virtual machinevirtualization/emulation Virtual machine
VPN Virtual private networkApplication layer Virtual Private Network Consortium
W3C World Wide Web ConsortiumOrganization W3C
WAN Wide-area networkTelecom Telecom Glossary
WEP Wired Equivalent PrivacyWireless IEEE 802.11
Wi-Fi An implementation of IEEE wireless communication standard 802.11Wireless Wi-Fi Alliance
WLC Wireless LAN ControllerWireless Cisco
WPA Wi-Fi Protected AccessSecurity IEEE 802.11i
www World Wide WebArchitecture W3C Consortium

See also

Related Research Articles

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a routing technique in telecommunications networks that directs data from one node to the next based on labels rather than network addresses. Whereas network addresses identify endpoints the labels identify established paths between endpoints. MPLS can encapsulate packets of various network protocols, hence the multiprotocol component of the name. MPLS supports a range of access technologies, including T1/E1, ATM, Frame Relay, and DSL.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Router (computing)</span> Device that forwards data packets between computer networks

A router is a networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks. Routers perform the traffic directing functions between networks and on the global Internet. Data sent through a network, such as a web page or email, is in the form of data packets. A packet is typically forwarded from one router to another router through the networks that constitute an internetwork until it reaches its destination node.

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing (LSR) algorithm and falls into the group of interior gateway protocols (IGPs), operating within a single autonomous system (AS).

The Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is one of the oldest distance-vector routing protocols which employs the hop count as a routing metric. RIP prevents routing loops by implementing a limit on the number of hops allowed in a path from source to destination. The largest number of hops allowed for RIP is 15, which limits the size of networks that RIP can support.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is an advanced distance-vector routing protocol that is used on a computer network for automating routing decisions and configuration. The protocol was designed by Cisco Systems as a proprietary protocol, available only on Cisco routers. In 2013, Cisco permitted other vendors to freely implement a limited version of EIGRP with some of its associated features such as High Availability (HA), while withholding other EIGRP features such as EIGRP stub, needed for DMVPN and large-scale campus deployment. Information needed for implementation was published with informational status as RFC 7868 in 2016, which did not advance to Internet Standards Track level, and allowed Cisco to retain control of the EIGRP protocol.

The Internetworking Operating System (IOS) is a family of proprietary network operating systems used on several router and network switch models manufactured by Cisco Systems. The system is a package of routing, switching, internetworking, and telecommunications functions integrated into a multitasking operating system. Although the IOS code base includes a cooperative multitasking kernel, most IOS features have been ported to other kernels, such as Linux and QNX, for use in Cisco products.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stateful firewall</span> Connection tracking network security system

In computing, a stateful firewall is a network-based firewall that individually tracks sessions of network connections traversing it. Stateful packet inspection, also referred to as dynamic packet filtering, is a security feature often used in non-commercial and business networks.

Local Management Interface (LMI) is a term for some signaling standards used in networks, namely Frame Relay and Carrier Ethernet.

A Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) is a person in the IT industry who has achieved the professional level of Cisco Career Certification.

CCNA is an information technology (IT) certification from Cisco Systems. CCNA certification is an associate-level Cisco Career certification.

Cisco Inter-Switch Link (ISL) is a Cisco Systems proprietary protocol that maintains VLAN information in Ethernet frames as traffic flows between switches and routers, or switches and switches. ISL is Cisco's VLAN encapsulation protocol and is supported only on some Cisco equipment over the Fast and Gigabit Ethernet links. It is offered as an alternative to the IEEE 802.1Q standard, a widely used VLAN tagging protocol, although the use of ISL for new sites is deprecated by Cisco.

Cisco Certifications are the list of the Certifications offered by Cisco Systems. There are four or five levels of certification: Associate (CCNA/CCDA), Professional (CCNP/CCDP), Expert (CCIE/CCDE) and recently Architect, as well as nine different paths for the specific technical field; Routing & Switching, Design, Industrial Network, Network Security, Service Provider, Service Provider Operations, Storage Networking, Voice, Datacenter and Wireless.
There are also a number of the specialist technician, sales, Business, data center certifications, CCAI certified instructor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Computer network</span> Network that allows computers to share resources and communicate with each other

A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources located on or provided by network nodes. Computers use common communication protocols over digital interconnections to communicate with each other. These interconnections are made up of telecommunication network technologies based on physically wired, optical, and wireless radio-frequency methods that may be arranged in a variety of network topologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Encapsulation (networking)</span> Communication protocol design method

Encapsulation is the computer-networking process of concatenating layer-specific headers or trailers with a service data unit for transmitting information over computer networks. Deencapsulation is the reverse computer-networking process for receiving information; it removes from the protocol data unit (PDU) a previously concatenated header or tailer that an underlying communications layer transmitted.

A routing protocol specifies how routers communicate with each other to distribute information that enables them to select paths between nodes on a computer network. Routers perform the traffic directing functions on the Internet; data packets are forwarded through the networks of the internet from router to router until they reach their destination computer. Routing algorithms determine the specific choice of route. Each router has a prior knowledge only of networks attached to it directly. A routing protocol shares this information first among immediate neighbors, and then throughout the network. This way, routers gain knowledge of the topology of the network. The ability of routing protocols to dynamically adjust to changing conditions such as disabled connections and components and route data around obstructions is what gives the Internet its fault tolerance and high availability.

In computer networking, CDP spoofing is a technique employed to compromise the operation of network devices that use Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) for discovering neighboring devices. CDP spoofing is a network security threat that can be mitigated by taking precautionary measures.

The Cisco Certified Entry Networking Technician (CCENT) certification was the first stage of Cisco's certification system. The certification was retired on 24 February 2020. The CCENT certification was an interim step to Associate level or directly with CCNA and CCDA certifications. While the CCENT covered basic networking knowledge; it did not get involved with the more intricate technical aspects of the Cisco routing and switching and network design. The certification validated the skills essential for entry-level network support positions. CCENT qualified individuals have the knowledge and skill to install, manage, maintain and troubleshoot a small enterprise branch network, including network security. The CCENT curriculum covered networking fundamentals, WAN technologies, basic security, routing and switching fundamentals, and configuring simple networks. The applicable training was the Cisco ICND1 and the exam was, costing $165 retail. The certification was valid for 3 years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Packet Tracer</span> Network simulation software

Packet Tracer is a cross-platform visual simulation tool designed by Cisco Systems that allows users to create network topologies and imitate modern computer networks. The software allows users to simulate the configuration of Cisco routers and switches using a simulated command line interface. Packet Tracer makes use of a drag and drop user interface, allowing users to add and remove simulated network devices as they see fit. The software is mainly focused towards Cisco Networking Academy students as an educational tool for helping them learn fundamental CCNA concepts. Previously students enrolled in a CCNA Academy program could freely download and use the tool free of charge for educational use.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CCIE Certification</span> Technical certification offered by Cisco Systems

The Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert, or CCIE, is a technical certification offered by Cisco Systems. The Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE) and Cisco Certified Design Expert (CCDE) certifications were established to assist the industry in distinguishing the top echelon of internetworking experts worldwide and to assess expert-level infrastructure network design skills worldwide. Holders of these certifications are generally acknowledged worldwide as being very advanced with regards of knowledge in the industry. The CCIE and CCDE community has established a reputation of leading the networking industry in deep technical networking knowledge and are deployed into the most technically challenging network assignments. The expert-level certification program continually updates and revises its testing tools and methodologies to ensure and maintain program quality, relevance and value. Through a rigorous written exam and a performance-based lab exam, these expert-level certification programs set the standard for internetworking expertise.

In a router, route redistribution allows a network that uses one routing protocol to route traffic dynamically based on information learned from another routing protocol.

References

  1. Lammle, Todd (2008). CCNA IOS Commands . Wiley Publishing, Inc. ISBN   978-1-58720-182-0.
  2. Odem, Wendell (2008). CCENT/CCNA ICND1 Official Exam Certification Guide, Second Edition. Cisco Press. ISBN   978-0-470-17560-6.
  3. CCNA Exploration 4.0 5.0 Routing Protocols and Concepts Student Lab Manual. Cisco Press.
  4. The ISO model is used for layer names.