List of international trips made by Kim Il Sung

Last updated

Kim chatting with painter Otto Nagel and Prime Minister Otto Grotewohl during a 1956 visit to East Germany Bundesarchiv Bild 183-38870-0003, Berlin, Otto Nagel, Otto Grotewohl, Kim Ir Sen.jpg
Kim chatting with painter Otto Nagel and Prime Minister Otto Grotewohl during a 1956 visit to East Germany

The following is a list of international trips made by Kim Il Sung during his tenure as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea, Premier and President of North Korea. His first international state visit was to the Soviet Union in 1949.

Contents

The number of visits per country where he traveled are: [1]

Summary of official trips

1949

Kim Il Sung, Anastas Mikoyan, Andrei Gromyko, Pak Huen Yung and Hong Myung Hui passing before the guard of honor at the Yaroslav Stationin Moscow, March 1949 Kim Il Sung's Visit to Moscow 1949-03.jpg
Kim Il Sung, Anastas Mikoyan, Andrei Gromyko, Pak Huen Yung and Hong Myung Hui passing before the guard of honor at the Yaroslav Station in Moscow, March 1949
Date(s)CountryLocationsLeaders metDetails
3-25 March 1949Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin [2] [3]

1950s

Kim's motorcade in front of theTiananmen, 22 November 1958 Kim Il-sung in front of Tian'anmen.jpg
Kim's motorcade in front of theTiananmen, 22 November 1958
Date(s)CountryLocationsLeaders metDetails
10-23 September 1953Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg Premier of the Soviet Union Georgy Malenkov State visit.
10-27 November 1953Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong State visit. [4]
28 September-5 October 1954 Beijing Attended the Chinese National Day Parade in honor of the 5th anniversary of the PRC. [4]
1-6 June 1956Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev The August Faction Incident took place. [2]
7-12 June 1956Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany East Berlin Flag of East Germany.svg President of East Germany Wilhelm Pieck State visit. [5]
13-17 June 1956 Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania Bucharest Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej State visit. [5]
17-20 June 1956 Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Budapest Flag of Hungary.svg Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Hungarian People's Republic Mátyás Rákosi State visit. [5]
21-25 June 1956Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia Prague
Plzeň 		Flag of the Czech Republic.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and President of Czechoslovakia Antonín Zápotocký State visit. [5]
25-26 June 1956 Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg Bulgaria Sofia Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkov state visit [5]
29 June-1 July 1956 Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg Albania Tirana Flag of Albania (1946-1992).svg First Secretary of the Party of Labour of Albania Enver Hoxha [6] [7] [8] [5]
2-6 July 1956Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Warsaw Flag of Poland.svg First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party Edward Ochab [9] [5]
6-16 July 1956Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev [5]
16-18 July 1956Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1945-1992).svg  Mongolian People's Republic Ulan Bator Flag of the People's Republic of Mongolia (1945-1992).svg General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal State visit. [10] [11] [12] [5] [13]
4-21 November 1957Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev Celebrations of the 40th anniversary of the October Revolution as well as the 1957 International Meeting of Communist and Workers Parties. [14] [15]
21-28 November 1958Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong [16] [4]
28 November-2 December 1958Flag of North Vietnam (1955-1975).svg  North Vietnam Hanoi Flag of North Vietnam (1955-1975).svg Chairman of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh [17] [18]
14 January-6 February 1959Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev
1 October 1959Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong Attended the Chinese National Day Parade in honor of the 10th anniversary of the PRC. [4]

1960s

Date(s)CountryLocationsLeaders metDetails
3-25 March 1961Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev [2]
17-31 October 1961 22nd Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
11-15 July 1961Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong Signing of Sino-North Korean Mutual Aid and Cooperation Friendship Treaty
November 1964Flag of North Vietnam (1955-1975).svg  North Vietnam Hanoi Flag of North Vietnam (1955-1975).svg Chairman of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Vietnam Ho Chi Minh [17]
10-20 April 1965Flag of Indonesia.svg  Indonesia Bandung Flag of Indonesia.svg President of Indonesia Sukarno [3] Kim delivered a landmark speech "On Socialist Construction in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the South Korean Revolution". [19]
3-7 July 1966 Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania Bucharest Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party Nicolae Ceaușescu Comecon Summit

According to some reports, two secret meetings were rumored to have been held between Kim and Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev in 1966 and 1968 in the USSR, with the first theorized to have taken place on the Soviet cruiser Varyag. [2]

1970s

Kim Il Sung during a diplomatic meeting between him and Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing, 1970 KimIlSungCalciumDeposit1970.png
Kim Il Sung during a diplomatic meeting between him and Chinese Communist Party chairman Mao Zedong in Beijing, 1970
Date(s)CountryLocationsLeaders metDetails
October 1970Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party Mao Zedong [20]
18-26 April 1975 [21]
22-26 May 1975 Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania Bucharest Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg President of Romania Nicolae Ceaușescu State visit. [22]
26-30 May 1975 Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria Algiers Flag of Algeria.svg Chairman of Revolutionary Council

Houari Boumédiène

State visit. [23]
30 May-4 June 1975Flag of Mauritania (1959-2017).svg  Mauritania Nouakchott Flag of Mauritania (1959-2017).svg President of Mauritania Moktar Ould Daddah [24] He claimed that the visit was "The greatest event in the history of Mauritania". [25]
4-6 June 1975 Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg Bulgaria Sofia Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkov State visit.
5-10 June 1975Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Brdo pri Kranju, [26] Bled, [27] Lake Bohinj, [28] Ljubljana [29] Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg President of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito [30] [31]

1980s

Kim with Erich Honecker in East Berlin, 1 June 1984 Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1984-0601-041, Berlin, Besuch Kim II Sung- Erich Honecker.jpg
Kim with Erich Honecker in East Berlin, 1 June 1984
Date(s)CountryLocationsLeaders metDetails
7-9 May 1980Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg  Yugoslavia Belgrade Flag of Yugoslavia (1946-1992).svg President of the Presidency of Yugoslavia Lazar Koliševski Death and state funeral of Josip Broz Tito
9-13 May 1980 Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg Romania Bucharest Flag of Romania (1965-1989).svg President of Romania Nicolae Ceaușescu State visit. [32] [33]
15-26 September 1982Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing
Chengdu 		Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Deng Xiaoping [34] [4]
2-12 June 1983 Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Hu Yaobang [4]
16-27 May 1984Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow
Minsk [35] [2] [3] 		Flag of the Soviet Union.svg General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Konstantin Chernenko State visit. [36] [37]
27-29 May 1984Flag of Poland.svg  Poland Warsaw Flag of Poland.svg First Secretary of the Polish United Workers' Party and Chairman of the Council of State Wojciech Jaruzelski [38] [3] [39]
29 May-4 June 1984Flag of East Germany.svg  East Germany East Berlin Flag of East Germany.svg General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany Erich Honecker State visit. [40] [3]
4-7 June 1984Flag of the Czech Republic.svg  Czechoslovakia Prague Flag of the Czech Republic.svg First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and President of Czechoslovakia Gustáv Husák State visit. [41] [42] [3]
7-10 June 1984 Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary Budapest Flag of Hungary.svg General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party János Kádár State visit [43] [3]
10-15 June 1984 Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg Bulgaria Sofia Flag of Bulgaria (1971-1990).svg General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Bulgarian Communist Party Todor Zhivkov State visit. [44] [45] [3]
22-27 October 1986Flag of the Soviet Union.svg  Soviet Union Moscow Flag of the Soviet Union.svg General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev [2]
20-23 May 1987Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Zhao Ziyang [4]
25 June-1 July 1988Flag of Mongolia.svg  Mongolia Ulan Bator Flag of Mongolia.svg General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party Jambyn Batmönkh State visit. [46]

1991

Date(s)CountryLocationsLeaders metDetails
3-15 October 1991Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg  China Beijing Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg President of the People's Republic of China Yang Shangkun [47] [3] [4]

See also

Related Research Articles

The history of North Korea began with the end of World War II in 1945. The surrender of Japan led to the division of Korea at the 38th parallel, with the Soviet Union occupying the north, and the United States occupying the south. The Soviet Union and the United States failed to agree on a way to unify the country, and in 1948, they established two separate governments – the Soviet-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the American-aligned Republic of Korea – each claiming to be the legitimate government of all of Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Yong-nam</span> North Korean politician (born 1928)

Kim Yong-nam is a North Korean retired politician who served as the President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly of North Korea, from 1998 until 2019. Previously, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1983 to 1998. He was elected a member of the Presidium of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) in 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Jong Suk</span> Wife of Kim Il Sung (1917–1949)

Kim Jong Suk was a Korean revolutionary, anti-Japanese guerrilla, Communist activist, the first wife of North Korean leader Kim Il Sung, the mother of former leader Kim Jong Il and grandmother of current leader Kim Jong Un.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Korean literature</span>

Reading is a popular pastime in North Korea, where literacy and books enjoy a high cultural standing, elevated by the regime's efforts to disseminate propaganda as texts. Because of this, writers are held in high prestige.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North Korea–Russia relations</span> Bilateral relations

North Korea–Russia relations are the bilateral relations between Russia and North Korea. The Soviet Union was the first to recognize North Korea on October 12, 1948, shortly after the proclamation, as the sole legitimate authority in all of Korea. The Soviet Union supported North Korea during the Korean War. North Korea was founded as part of the Communist bloc, and received major Soviet military and political support. The comprehensive personality cult around North Korea's ruling family was heavily influenced by Stalinism. China and the Soviet Union competed for influence in North Korea during the Sino-Soviet split in the 1960s, as North Korea tried to maintain good relations with both countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mongolia–North Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

Mongolia–North Korea relations are the historic and current bilateral relations between Mongolia and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.

Kim Yong-jae is a North Korean diplomat and politician. He was the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea to the Russian Federation. He is currently the North Korean Minister of External Economic Relations.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kim Il Sung</span> Supreme Leader of North Korea from 1948 to 1994

Kim Il Sung was a North Korean politician and the founder of North Korea, which he led as Supreme Leader from the country's establishment in 1948 until his death in 1994. Afterwards, he was succeeded by his son Kim Jong Il and was declared Eternal President.

The history of the Workers' Party of Korea (WPK) encompasses the period from 1949 onwards.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Kim Il Sung</span> North Korean award decoration

The Order of Kim Il Sung (Korean: 김일성훈장) is the highest order of North Korea, along with the Order of Kim Jong Il, and only second to one honorary title, the Hero of Labour.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Order of Freedom and Independence</span> North Korean Military Medal

The Order of Freedom and Independence is one of the highest North Korean orders. It is divided into two classes: the first class is awarded to commanders and partisan units of brigades, divisions, and higher military groups for bravery, courage, and auspicious command of military operations. The second class is awarded to the commanders of partisan regiments, battalions, companies, and detachments, as well as to civil professionals employed in the industry for the military. The order is awarded with the Order of the National Flag of the same rank.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Awards and decorations received by Kim Il Sung</span>

Kim Il Sung was the founder and first leader of North Korea. According to North Korean sources, the country awarded him "the title of Hero of the DPRK three times, the title of Labour Hero of the DPRK, 26 orders and 3 medals". In addition, foreign countries and organizations conferred upon him 74 orders and 152 medals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Military parades in North Korea</span>

This is a list of military parades held in Pyongyang, the capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) since 1948. All military parades consist of troops from the Korean People's Army and the paramilitary Worker-Peasant Red Guards. All military parades of a national nature are held on Pyongyang's Kim Il-sung Square with the General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Korea, President of the State Affairs Commission and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces of North Korea in attendance. These parades are broadcast live on Korean Central Television.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Awards and decorations received by Kim Jong Il</span>

This is a list of awards and decorations received by Kim Jong Il. According to North Korean sources, North Korea "conferred ... the title of Hero of the DPRK four times, the Order of Kim Il Sung four times, Kim Il Sung Prize two times, 22 orders and 9 medals" on Kim Jong Il. Additionally, "many countries and international organizations conferred 39 orders, 141 medals and 201 honorary titles on him".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev</span> Soviet Major general

Nikolai Georgiyevich Lebedev was a Red Army major general. Lebedev served in both the Eastern Front and Soviet-Japanese War. He later served as head of the Soviet Civil Administration in Korea from 1947 to 1948. He is considered as one of the founders of North Korea and the ruling Workers' Party of Korea.

Kim Jong-suk Naval University is a post-secondary educational institution located in Hamhung, North Korea for officers of the Korean People's Navy. Its namesake is Kim Jong-suk, a Korean anti-Japanese guerrilla and North Korean leader Kim Il Sung's first wife. There is a bust in her honor at the academy. It has produced naval commanders, including dozens of Heroes of the DPRK and Heroes of Labor. It is similar in function to the Korean Naval Academy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albania–North Korea relations</span> Bilateral relations

Diplomatic relations between Albania and North Korea were established on November 28, 1948, over one and a half months after the DPRK was proclaimed. The communist governments of Enver Hoxha and Kim Il Sung were often compared for their similarities in their diplomatic isolation and Stalinist-style regimes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yakov Novichenko</span> Soviet military officer (1914–1994)

Yakov Tikhonovich Novichenko was a Soviet military officer. He notably protected Kim Il Sung, the first leader of North Korea, from an assassination attempt in 1946. He is considered the only non-Korean to have had a cult of personality in the country, and is the only non-Korean to have received the Hero of Labor award, the highest title in North Korea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grigory Mekler</span> Soviet military officer (1909–2005)

Grigory Konovich Mekler was a Soviet military officer and linguist. Mekler served as an early advisor to Kim Il Sung, the first leader of North Korea, between 1945 and 1946.

References

  1. ↑ Hoare, James E. (2019-09-04). Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN   978-1-5381-1974-7.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "История визитов лидеров КНДР в СССР и Россию". tass.ru.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Planes and armoured trains: the Kims' foreign trips". France 24. 23 February 2019.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "China-North Korea High Level Visits Since 1953". Beyond Parallel. 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kim, Cheehyung Harrison (2018-11-06). Heroes and Toilers: Work as Life in Postwar North Korea, 1953–1961. Columbia University Press. ISBN   978-0-231-54609-6.
  6. ↑ "Mission of Friendship: Friendly Visit of the D.P.R.K. Government Delegation to the U.S.S.R. and Other Fraternal People's Democracies". Foreign Languages Publishing House. November 27, 1956 – via Google Books.
  7. ↑ "Kur gjyshi i Kim Jong Un vizitonte Shqipërinë dhe takohej me Enver Hoxhën (Video) - Shqiptarja.com". shqiptarja.com.
  8. ↑ "La bufala della foto di Enver Hoxha con Kim Il Sung in Corea del Nord". Albania News. September 1, 2009.
  9. ↑ http://cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight-51bd0371-3324-4964-9d1e-f86f8223af57/c/06_szyc.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwj6r6ud5vflAhUYs54KHf0wBM0QFjAXegQIAhAB&usg=AOvVaw2gtZeCLgamN_jsFmgygBng [ permanent dead link ]
  10. ↑ Holstine, Jon D. (January 16, 2015). Recent Outer Mongolian International Relations: A Time Capsule. Lulu Press, Inc. ISBN   9781312670143 – via Google Books.[ permanent dead link ]
  11. ↑ "Mongolian President invites Kim Jong Un to Ulaanbaatar | NK News". October 15, 2018.
  12. ↑ "Mission of Friendship: Friendly Visit of the D.P.R.K. Government Delegation to the U.S.S.R. and Other Fraternal People's Democracies". Foreign Languages Publishing House. November 27, 1956 – via Google Books.
  13. ↑ "Ким Ир Сен Монгол Улсад айлчилсны 60 жилийн ойг тэмдэглэв". MONTSAME News Agency. Retrieved 2021-06-21.
  14. ↑ Ilpyong J. Kim (1975). Communist Politics in North Korea . Praeger. p.  95. ISBN   978-0-275-09190-3.
  15. ↑ Kyung-Ae Park; Scott Snyder (5 October 2012). North Korea in Transition: Politics, Economy, and Society. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 214. ISBN   978-1-4422-1813-0.
  16. ↑ "Key moments in North Korea-China relationship". AP NEWS. March 28, 2018.
  17. 1 2 "Mirroring grandfather, Kim rides the rails to Trump summit". AP NEWS. February 27, 2019.
  18. ↑ "The Origins of North Korea-Vietnam Solidarity: The Vietnam War and the DPRK". Wilson Center. February 21, 2019.
  19. ↑ Myers, B. R. (2015). North Korea's Juche Myth. Busan: Sthele Press. p. 91. ISBN   978-1-5087-9993-1.
  20. ↑ "金日成与中国三代最高领导人的亲密交往_历史_凤凰网". news.ifeng.com.
  21. ↑ "Wilson Center Digital Archive". digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org.
  22. ↑ Analyses, Institute for Defence Studies and (November 27, 1975). "News Review on China, Mongolia and the Koreas". Brij Behari Lal, Institute for Defence Studies & Analyses – via Google Books.
  23. ↑ "ARR: Arab Report and Record". Economic Features, Limited. November 27, 1975 – via Google Books.
  24. ↑ Hoare, James (2012). Historical Dictionary of Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Scarecrow Press. p. 137. ISBN   978-081-086-151-0.
  25. ↑ ""The greatest event in the history of Mauritania"—Kim Il-sung's 1975 world tour". PIIE. June 12, 2011.
  26. ↑ "KOREJA - S NESVRSTANIMA". Slobodna Dalmacija (9390): 1. 7 June 1975.
  27. ↑ "Tito i Kim Il Sung na priredbi u vili "Bled"". Slobodna Dalmacija (9390): 1. 7 June 1975.
  28. ↑ "IZLET NA BOHINJ". Slobodna Dalmacija (9391): 1. 9 June 1975.
  29. ↑ "VIŠE OD STO TISUĆA LJUBLJANČANA POZDRAVILO KIM IL SUNGA I TITA". Slobodna Dalmacija (9392): 1. 10 June 1975.
  30. ↑ "DOPUTOVAO KIM IL SUNG". Slobodna Dalmacija (9389): 1. 6 June 1975.
  31. ↑ Times, Malcolm W. Browne Special to The New York (June 11, 1975). "North Korea Gets Belgrade Backing". The New York Times.
  32. ↑ Seoul, Yonhap News Agency (December 27, 2002). North Korea Handbook. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN   9780765635235 – via Google Books.
  33. ↑ "Romania, Documents, Events". Agerpres. January 27, 1980 – via Google Books.
  34. ↑ "KIM Il SUNG VISITS CHINA BY RAIL". The New York Times. September 16, 1982.
  35. ↑ "Восходящее солнце. Как президента КНДР Ким Ир Сена встречали в Минске". Журнал «Большой». Archived from the original on 2022-10-06. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  36. ↑ "Film The USSR-DPRK (Democratic People's Republic of Korea): Following the Policy of Friendship and Cooperat. (1984)". www.net-film.us.
  37. ↑ Burns, John F. (May 26, 1984). "Moscow Talks End for North Korean". The New York Times.
  38. ↑ "North Korean leader Kim Il-sung with Polish prime minister Wojciech..." Getty Images.
  39. ↑ http://www.marszalek.com.pl/yearbook/docs/39/ppsy2010012.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwin0fii5_zlAhUKKBoKHY1PDiI4FBAWMAZ6BAgEEAE&usg=AOvVaw0QxoNXuCSu5eSZk1mXxPe5 [ permanent dead link ]
  40. ↑ "Wilson Center Digital Archive". digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org.
  41. ↑ "Vlak si pro zahraniční cesty oblíbil Kimův dědeček i otec. Kim Ir-sen jím navštívil Československo". ČT24. Česká televize.
  42. ↑ Kopecký, Pavel (March 28, 2018). "Kimův vlak nejede ani šedesátkou. Jeho děda s ním přijel i do Československa". Deník.cz.
  43. ↑ "Külpolitika - Diplomácia - Kim Ir Szen Budapesten". MTVA Archívum.
  44. ↑ Официални разговори: между партийно-държавната делегация на Народна република България, водена от генералния секретар на ЦК на БКП и председател на Държавния съвет Тодор живков, и партийнодържавната делегация на КНДР, водена от генералния секретар на Корейската трудова партия и президент на КНДР Ким Ир Сен: 15 юни 1984 г. - резиденция 'Бояна' (PDF) (in Bulgarian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-27. Retrieved 2019-11-22.
  45. ↑ "Korea in the Bulgarian Archives, 1945-1995: An Introduction". Wilson Center. September 24, 2017.
  46. ↑ Ch., Sumiyabazar (20 July 2007). "North Korean Kim visits Mongolia". The UB Post. Archived from the original on 12 August 2007. Retrieved 2007-08-22.
  47. ↑ Kristof, Nicholas D. (October 15, 1991). "Top North Korean Ends Beijing Visit". The New York Times.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.