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See List of fortifications for a list of notable fortified structures. For city walls in particular, see List of cities with defensive walls.
Fossatum Africae 
Sungbo's Eredo, built during 800–1000 AD in Ijebu Ode in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria 
Great Wall of Tlaxcala, mentioned in the history of Bernal Díaz del Castillo 
Walls of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico 
The Great Wall of China, China – part of UNESCO site 438,. [2] This is mostly referred to the Ming Great Wall, built from 1368 to 1644, measures 8,850 km long. Great Wall of Qi, the oldest of the Chinese Great Walls. Great Wall of Yan (state) Great Wall of Zhongshan (state) Great Wall of Zhao (state) Great Wall of Qin dynasty Great Wall of Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), the longest Great Wall in history. Great Wall of Northern Wei dynasty Great Wall of Northern Qi dynasty Great Wall of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), built to defend against northern nomadic tribes, once spanning over 2,500 kilometers long. [3] 
Great Wall of Western Xia Great Wall of the Khitan Liao dynasty 
Ranikot Fort, Also called 'The Great Wall of Pakistan', second largest wall of South Asia after Kumbhalgarh fort in India
Cheolli Jangseong, North Korea and China
Great Wall of Gorgan in Iran, (World's second longest [4] wall [5] )
Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi in Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam.
Kumbhalgarh, in Rajasthan, India
Walls of Constantinople in Turkey Anastasian Wall in Turkey
Antonine Wall in Scotland, United Kingdom – part of UNESCO site 430 [6] 
Aurelian Walls of Rome
Walls of Ston in Croatia 
Danevirke, Germany Roman limes in Upper Germania, Lower Germania and Rhaetia, Germany – part of UNESCO site 430 [6] Hadrian's Wall in England – part of UNESCO site 430 [6] [7] Long Wall (Thracian Chersonese) Offa's Dyke between Mercia (England) and Powys (Wales)
Serpent's Wall, the ancient walls in Ukraine Wall of Severus, between Roman Britain and [not recorded]
Silesia Walls, Poland 
Trajan's Wall, in Dobruja, Romania Athanaric's Wall, Romania Wat's Dyke parallel, for part of the distance, to Offa's Dyke, England:Wales.
Atlantic Wall in Nazi-occupied France 
Berlin Wall in Berlin separating West Berlin from East Germany 1961–1989 (in concrete: 1975–1989) [8] Inland Customs Line 2,500 miles (4,000 km) built 1843 onward in British India India–Pakistan barrier 
Bangladesh–India border 
Sections of the Israeli West Bank barrier, West Bank [9] 
Sections of the Blue Line between Lebanon and Israel [10] Belfast Peace Lines in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK 
Korean Wall (alleged by DPRK), Korean Demilitarized Zone [11] 
Ceuta border fence, in Ceuta, Autonomous city of Spain
Melilla border fence in Melilla, Autonomous city of Spain 
US-Mexico Border [12] 
Frontier Closed Area along Hong Kong-China border
Hungary-Serbia Barrier 
Turkey-Syria Barrier Turkey-Iran Barrier 
Slovenian border Barrier 
Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier 
Myanmar-Bangladesh Border Fence India–Myanmar Barrier 
Moroccan Western Sahara Wall, in Western Sahara 
Poland–Belarus barrier [13] 
Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, in Paris, France Democracy Wall, in Beijing (1978–1979)
Lennon Wall in Prague Vietnam Veterans Memorial, often called the Wall, in Washington, D.C. Pine Grove Cemetery, second-longest contiguous stone wall in the world, in Lynn, Massachusetts Lennon Wall in Hong Kong 
The history of Asia can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions such as East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian steppe. See History of the Middle East and History of the Indian Subcontinent for further details on those regions.
A wall is a structure and a surface that defines an area; carries a load; provides security, shelter, or soundproofing; or, is decorative. There are many kinds of walls, including:
A defensive wall is a fortification usually used to protect a city, town or other settlement from potential aggressors. The walls can range from simple palisades or earthworks to extensive military fortifications with towers, bastions and gates for access to the city. From ancient to modern times, they were used to enclose settlements. Generally, these are referred to as city walls or town walls, although there were also walls, such as the Great Wall of China, Walls of Benin, Hadrian's Wall, Anastasian Wall, and the Atlantic Wall, which extended far beyond the borders of a city and were used to enclose regions or mark territorial boundaries. In mountainous terrain, defensive walls such as letzis were used in combination with castles to seal valleys from potential attack. Beyond their defensive utility, many walls also had important symbolic functions – representing the status and independence of the communities they embraced.
A fortification is a military construction designed for the defense of territories in warfare, and is used to establish rule in a region during peacetime. The term is derived from Latin fortis ("strong") and facere.
Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders can be established through warfare, colonization, or mutual agreements between the political entities that reside in those areas.
The Mexico–United States border wall is a series of vertical barriers along the Mexico–United States border intended to reduce illegal immigration to the United States from Mexico. The barrier is not a continuous structure but a series of obstructions variously classified as "fences" or "walls".
The Danevirke or Danework is a system of Danish fortifications in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. This historically important linear defensive earthwork across the neck of the Cimbrian peninsula was initiated by the Danes in the Nordic Iron Age about AD 650. It was later expanded multiple times during Denmark's Viking Age and High Middle Ages. The Danevirke was last used for military purposes in 1864 during the Second War of Schleswig.
Hangu Pass or Hanguguan is a pass separating the upper Yellow River and Wei valleys—the cradle of Chinese civilization and seat of its longtime capital Xi'an—from the fertile North China Plain. It lies on the south bank of the Yellow River just east of its eastward bend out of the Ordos Loop at Tong Pass in Shaanxi. It was the site of many battles during the Warring States and early imperial eras, when it was the chokepoint shielding Qin, Guanzhong, or Luoyang from outside attack. The term Hangu Pass refers to two locations: the Qin dynasty Hangu Pass in Hanguguan Town, Lingbao county, Sanmenxia city, Henan and secondly, the Han dynasty Hangu Pass in Xin’an county, Luoyang city, Henan. In 2014, the archeological site was recognized by UNESCO as part of the “Silk Roads: the Routes Network of Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor” World Heritage Site.
The Great Wall of Gorgan is a Sasanian-era defense system located near modern Gorgan in the Golestān Province of northeastern Iran, at the southeastern corner of the Caspian Sea. The western, Caspian Sea, end of the wall is near the remains of the fort at: 37.13981°N 54.1788733°E; the eastern end of the wall, near the town of Pishkamar, is near the remains of the fort at: 37.5206739°N 55.5770498°E. The title coordinate is for the location of the remains of a fort midway along the wall.
Kumbhalgarh, also known as the Great Wall of India, is a fortress on the westerly range of Aravalli Hills in the Rajsamand district of the Rajasthan state in India. Situated approximately 84 km (52 mi) from Udaipur, it was built during the 15th century by Rana Kumbha. The wall of Kumbhalgarh is the second longest continuous wall in the world, spanning 38 kilometers, second only to the Great Wall of China. It is also the birthplace of great king and military leader Maharana Pratap of Mewar.
The Great Wall of China is a series of fortifications that were built across the historical northern borders of ancient Chinese states and Imperial China as protection against various nomadic groups from the Eurasian Steppe. Several walls were built from as early as the 7th century BC, with selective stretches later joined by Qin Shi Huang (220–206 BC), the first emperor of China. Little of the Qin wall remains. Later on, many successive dynasties built and maintained multiple stretches of border walls. The best-known sections of the wall were built by the Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
A punitive expedition is a military journey undertaken to punish a political entity or any group of people outside the borders of the punishing state or union. It is usually undertaken in response to perceived disobedient or morally wrong behavior by miscreants, as revenge or corrective action, or to apply strong diplomatic pressure without a formal declaration of war. In the 19th century, punitive expeditions were used more commonly as pretexts for colonial adventures that resulted in annexations, regime changes or changes in policies of the affected state to favour one or more colonial powers.
The Egypt–Israel barrier or Egypt–Israel border fence refers to a separation barrier built by Israel along its border with Egypt. Initial construction on the barrier began on 22 November 2010, and its original purpose as a common fence was to curb the large influx of illegal migrants from African countries into Israel. However, in the wake of the Egyptian Crisis after the 2011 Revolution, Israel's southwestern border with Egypt experienced an increase in militant jihadist activity with the outbreak of the Sinai insurgency. In response, Israel upgraded the steel barrier—called Project Hourglass by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF)—to include cameras, radars, and motion detectors. In January 2013, construction on the barrier's main section was completed; the final section was completed in December 2013.
The history of the Great Wall of China began when fortifications built by various states during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods were connected by the first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, to protect his newly founded Qin dynasty against incursions by nomads from Inner Asia. The walls were built of rammed earth, constructed using forced labour, and by 212 BC ran from Gansu to the coast of southern Manchuria.
Hill Forts of Rajasthan are six forts, spread across Rajasthan state in northern India. They have been clustered as a series and designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2013. The hill forts series include—Chittor Fort at Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh Fort at Rajsamand, Ranthambore Fort at Sawai Madhopur, Gagron Fort at Jhalawar, Amer Fort at Jaipur and Jaisalmer Fort at Jaisalmer.
A border barrier, border fence or border wall is a separation barrier that runs along or near an international border. Such barriers are typically constructed for border control purposes such as curbing illegal immigration, human trafficking, and smuggling. Some such barriers are constructed for defence or security reasons. In cases of a disputed or unclear border, erecting a barrier can serve as a de facto unilateral consolidation of a territorial claim that can supersede formal delimitation. A border barrier does not usually indicate the location of the actual border, and is usually constructed unilaterally by a country, without the agreement or cooperation of the other country.
Silk Roads: The Routes Network of Chang'an-Tian Shan Corridor is a UNESCO World Heritage Site which covers the Chang'an-Tianshan portion of the ancient Silk Road and historical sites along the route. On June 22, 2014, UNESCO designated a 5,000 km stretch of the Silk Road network from Central China to the Zhetysu region of Central Asia as a World Heritage site. The corridor spans China, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan and includes 33 new sites and several previously designated heritage sites.
Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another, particularly different countries, with the intention of settling temporarily or permanently in the new location. It typically involves movements over long distances and from one country or region to another. The number of people involved in every wave of immigration differs depending on the specific circumstances.
A defense line or fortification line is a geographically recognizable line of troops and armament, fortified and set up to protect a high-value location or defend territory.
Perimeter security refers to natural barriers or built fortifications to either keep intruders out or to keep captives contained within the area the boundary surrounds.
